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VASOVAGAL REACTIONS OFBLOOD DONATIONANDIMPROVING THESAFETY: CURRENT RESEARCH

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2, 88 - 99, 01.06.2014

Öz

1/1/hole blood donation is considered safe, but occasionally adverse reactions ofvarying severity may occur during or at the end o fthe blood collection. Vasovagal reaction is a very common advers events related to blood donation. A vasovagal reaction is a general feeling o f discomfort and vveakness with anxiety, dizziness and nausea, which may progress to loss o f consciousness. The vasovagal reaction is caused by the parasympathetic nervous system, which can be further augmented by psychological factors, and the volüme o f blood removed causing relative hypovolemia. The symptoms o f vasovagal reaction range from light headache and dizziness to fullout fainting. Site o f donation, demographic factors, first time versus repeated donors, volüme o f blood collected, psychological factors a re some factors affecting frequency o f vasovagal reactions. Experience o f vasovagal symptoms during blood donation significantly reduces the change o f subsequent donation. Predonation hydration, leg Crossing and applied muscle tension during donation, and nutritional salt supplementation are techniques that reduce the occurence o f vasovagal symptoms. The safety o f blood donor is o f prime importance. Nurses can contribute to preventing syncope in those who are at high risk for it. Individuals suffering from vasovagal syncope previously, should educate about avoidance from triggers such as inadequate fluid intake at the hot times, exercise in a warm environment. To recognizing the preliminary findings o f individuals should obtained and when these feel these findings should been extended to a place or coughing briefly can recommended. in this way brain perfusion continuity can be achieved. When a patients reports dizziness or is at risk o f syncope, assess fluid volüme status and check the pulse for irregulatories. İn this article symptoms o f vasovagal reaction occurring during blood donation, signs and symptoms, and the practices which would help to prevent them have been presented

Kaynakça

  • Aslan Ö, Güneri S, Vaovagal Sekop, Türk Kard. Dern Arş 1999, 27: 637-646.
  • Aziz EF, Herzog R (2012) The approach to the patients with syncope, In: The Cardiac care unit survival guide(Eyel Herzog), Wolter Kluver Health, Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins, Amazon, CO, p.193-199
  • Sharma RR. Analysis of Adverse Events and Predisposing Factors in Voluntary and Replacement Whole Blood Donors: A study from north India, Asian Journal of Transfusion Science 2012; 6 (2): 155-60.
  • Alboni P, Alboni M, Bertorelle G. The origin of vasovagal syncope: to protect the heart or to escape predation?, C ln Auton R es 2008; 18:170-8.
  • Ando S, Kawamura N, Matsumoto M et al. Simple standing test predicts and water ingestion prevents vasovagal reaction in the high-risk blood donors, Transfusion 2009; 49:1630-6.
  • Black JM, Hokanson J. Medical Surgical Nursing-Clinical management for positive outcomes, Volume II, Eight edition, Saunders Elsevier, 2009. St Louis, 1305, 1361.
  • Bravo M, Kamel H, Custer B et al. Factors Associated with Fainting Before, during and After Blood Donation, V ox S an g2011; May 3. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01494.x.
  • Ditto B, France CR, Lavoie P et al. Reducing Reactions to Blood Donation with Applied Muscle Tension: a Randomized Controlled Trial, Transfusion 2003; 43: 1269-75.
  • Ditto B, France CR. The Effects of Applied Tension on Symptoms in French-Speaking Blood Donors: a Randomized Trial, Health Psychol 2006; 25: 433-7.
  • Ditto B, France CR, Michael A et al. Dismantling Applied Tension: Mechanisms of a Treatment to Reduce Blood Donation-Related Symptoms, Transfusion 2007; 47: 2217-22
  • Ditto B, France CR, Albert M et al. Effects of Applied Muscle Tension on the Likelihood of Blood Donor Return, Transfusion 2009; 49:858-62.
  • Ditto B, Balegh S, Gilchrist PT et al. Relation Between Perceived Blood Loss and Vasovagal Symptoms in Blood Donors, Clin Auton Res 2012; 22:113-6.
  • France CR, Montalva R, France JL et al. Enhancing Attitudes and Intentions in Prospective Blood Donors: Evaluation of a New Donor Recruitment Brochure, Transfusion 2008; 48:526-30.
  • France CR, Ditto B, Wissel ME et al. Predonation Hydration and Applied Muscle Tension Combine to Reduce Presyncopal Reactions to Blood Donation, Transfusion 2010; 50:1257-64.
  • Fu Q, Levine BD. Why do Young Women (donors) faint?, Transfusion 2010; 50:522-5.
  • Groothuis JT, Dıjk NV, Walter TW et al. Leg Crossing with Muscle Tensing, a Physical Counter- Manoeuvre to Prevent Syncope, Enhances Leg Blood Flow, Clinical Science 2007; 112: 193-201.
  • Hanson SA, France CR. Predonation Water İngestion Attenuates Negative Reactions to Blood Donation, Transfusion 2004; 44: 924-8
  • Holly CD, Torbit LBA, Ditto B. Applied Tension and Coping with Blood Donation: A Randomized Trial, A n n . Behav Med 2012; 43:173-80.
  • Jordan J. Acute Effect of Water on Blood Pressure What Do We Know?, Clin Auton Res 2002; 12: 250­ 5.
  • Kamel H, Tomasulo P, Bravo M et al. Delayed Adverse Reactions to Blood Donation, Transfusion 2010; 50:556-65.
  • Newman BH, Newman DT, Ahmad R et al. The Effect of Whole-Blood Donor Adverse Events on Blood Donor Return Rates, Transfusion 2006; 46:1374-9.
  • Krediet CT, van Dijk N, Linzer M et al. Management of Vasovagal Syncope: Controlling or Aborting Faints By Leg Crossing and Muscle Tensing, Circulation 2002; 106:1684-9.
  • Krediet PCT, Bruin IGJM, Ganzeboom SK et al. Leg Crossing, Muscle Tensing, Squatting, and The Crash Position Are Effective Against Vasovagal Reactions Solely Through Increases in Cardiac Output, J Appl Physiol 2005; 99: 1697-703.
  • Kowalsky JM, France JL, Wissel ME et al. Effect of Applied Muscle Tension on Cerebral Oxygenation During Blood Donation, Transfusion 2011; 51:1802-8.
  • Labus JS, France CR, Taylor BK. Vasovagal Reactions in Volunteer Blood Donors: Analyzing the Predictive Power of the Medical Fears Survey, International Journal O f Behavioral Medicine 2000; 7(1): 62-72.
  • Mathias CJ, Young TM . Water Drinking in the Management of Orthostatic Intolerance Due to Orthostatic Hypotension, Vasovagal Syncope and the Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, European Journal of Neurology 2004; 11: 613-9.
  • Moya A, Sutton R, Ammirati F et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009): the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Heart Journal 2009; 30: 2631-71.
  • Newman BH, Graves S. A study of 178 Consecutive Vasovagal Syncopal Reactions From The Perspective Of Safety, Transfusion 2001; 41:1475-9.
  • Newman HB. Blood Donor Complications After Whole-Blood Donation, Curr Opin Hematol 2004; 11: 339-345.
  • Newman B, Tommolino E, Andreozzi C et al. The effect of a 473-mL (16-oz) Water Drink on Vasovagal Donor Reaction Rates in High-School Students, Transfusion 2007; 47:1524-33.
  • Newman BH, Siegfried BA. The Quest to Reduce Vasovagal Reactions in Young Blood Donors, Transfusion 2011; 51:2061-63.
  • Olatunji BO, Etzel EN, Ciesielski BG. Vasovagal Syncope and Blood Donor Return: Examination of the Role of Experience and Affective Expectancies, B eh av M odif 2010; 34:2, 164-74.
  • Pathak C, Pujani M, Pahuja S et al. Adverse Reactions in Whole Blood Donors: an Indian Scenario, Blood Transfus 2011; 9: 46-9.
  • Parry SW, Kenny RA. Vasovagal Syncope Masquerading As Unexplained Falls in an Elderly Patient, Can J Cardiol 2002; 18:757- 8.
  • Parry SW, Kenny RA, The Management of Vazovagal syncope, QJMed 1999, 92: 697-705.
  • Popovsky MA. Vasovagal Donor Reactions: An Important Issue with Implications for the Blood Supply, Transfusion 2002; 42:1534-6.
  • Ritz T, Meuret AE, Ayala ES. The Psychophysiology of Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia: Looking Beyond the Diphasic Response Paradigm]. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2010; 78: 50-67.
  • Rohra DK, Juriasinghani V, Rai K et al. Prevalence of Immediate Vasovagal Reaction in Blood Donors Visiting two Blood Banks of Karachi, Transfusion Medicine 2010; 20: 129-33.
  • Rose BD, Post TW . Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2001.
  • Smit AA, Halliwill JR, Low PA et al. Pathophysiological Basis of Orthostatic Hypotension in Autonomic failure, J Physiol 1999; 519(Pt 1):1-10.
  • Tomasulo P, Bravo M, Kamel H. Time Course of Vasovagal Syncope with Whole Blood Donation, ISBT Sci Ser 2010; 5: 52-8.
  • Tomasulo P, Kamel H, Bravo M et al. Interventions to Reduce the Vasovagal Reaction Rate in Young Whole Blood Donors, Transfusion 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03074.x
  • Van Dongen A, Abraham C, Ruiter RAC et al. The Influence of Adverse Reactions, Subjective Distress, and Anxiety on Retention of First-Time Blood Donors, Transfusion 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1537- 2995.2012.03810x
  • Veldhuizen I, Atsma F, Van Dongen A et al. Adverse Reactions, Psychological Factors, and Their Effect on Donor Retention in Men and Women, Transfusion 2012; 52:1-9.
  • Wieling W, France CR, Dijk N van et al. Physiologic Strategies to Prevent Fainting Responses During or After Whole Blood Donation, Transfusion 2011; 51: 2727-38.
  • Zervou EK, Ziciadis K, Karabini F et al. Vasovagal Reactions in Blood Donors During or Immediately After Blood Donation, Transfusion Medicine 2005; 15: 389-94.

KAN DONASYONUNDA VAZOVAGAL REAKSİYONLAR VE GÜVENLİĞİ GELİŞTİRMEK: MEVCUT ARAŞTIRMALAR

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2, 88 - 99, 01.06.2014

Öz

Tam kan donasyonunun güvenli olduğu düşünülür, fakat bazen kan alırken veya kan alma işleminin sonunda değişik şiddette istenmeyen reaksiyonlar oluşabilir. Vazovagal reaksiyon, kan donasyonuna ilişkin en yaygın görülen istenmeyen olaylardan biridir. Kan donasyonu sırasında vazovagal semptomları deneyimleme, daha sonraki donasyonların olasılığını anlamlı derecede azaltır. Vazovagal reaksiyon, bilinç kaybına kadar ilerleyebilen anksiyete, baş dönmesi, ve bulantı ile birlikte genel bir rahatsızlık ve halsizlik duygusudur. Psikolojik etmenler ve alınan kan miktarının neden olduğu nispi hipovolemi ile artabilen vazovagal reaksiyona parasempatik sinir sistemi neden olur. Vazovagal reaksiyonun semptomları, hafif başağrısı ve baş dönmesinden tam bayılmaya kadar sıralanabilir. Donasyon yeri, demografik etmenler, ilk kez veya tekrarlı donör olma, alınan kan miktarı, psikolojik etmenler vazovagal reaksiyon görülme oranını etkileyen bazı etmenlerdir. Donasyon öncesi sıvı verme, donasyon sırasında bacakları çaprazlama ve kasları germe ile ağızdan tuz takviyesi, vazovagal semptomları azaltan tekniklerdir. Kan donörünün güvenliği çok önemlidir. Hemşireler risk grubunda olan bireylerde senkopu önlemeye katkıda bulunabilirler. Daha önce vazovagal senkop geçiren bireyler; sıcak zamanlarda yetersiz sıvı alımı, uzun sure ayakta hareketsiz kalma, gibi tetikleyicilerden kaçınma konusunda eğitilmelidir. Bireylerin öncül bulguları tanıması sağlanıp bu bulguları hissettiğinde bir yere uzanması, ya da kısa kısa öksürmesi önerilebilir. Bu yolla beyin perfüzyonunun devamlılığı sağlanabilir. Hasta başdönmesinden yakınıyorsa veya senkop riski taşıyorsa, sıvı volümü ve nabız düzensizlikleri yönünde izlenir. Bu makalede kan donasyonu sırasında oluşan vazovagal reaksiyon, belirti ve semptomları ve onların önlenmesine yardım edebilecek uygulamalar sunulmuştur

Kaynakça

  • Aslan Ö, Güneri S, Vaovagal Sekop, Türk Kard. Dern Arş 1999, 27: 637-646.
  • Aziz EF, Herzog R (2012) The approach to the patients with syncope, In: The Cardiac care unit survival guide(Eyel Herzog), Wolter Kluver Health, Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins, Amazon, CO, p.193-199
  • Sharma RR. Analysis of Adverse Events and Predisposing Factors in Voluntary and Replacement Whole Blood Donors: A study from north India, Asian Journal of Transfusion Science 2012; 6 (2): 155-60.
  • Alboni P, Alboni M, Bertorelle G. The origin of vasovagal syncope: to protect the heart or to escape predation?, C ln Auton R es 2008; 18:170-8.
  • Ando S, Kawamura N, Matsumoto M et al. Simple standing test predicts and water ingestion prevents vasovagal reaction in the high-risk blood donors, Transfusion 2009; 49:1630-6.
  • Black JM, Hokanson J. Medical Surgical Nursing-Clinical management for positive outcomes, Volume II, Eight edition, Saunders Elsevier, 2009. St Louis, 1305, 1361.
  • Bravo M, Kamel H, Custer B et al. Factors Associated with Fainting Before, during and After Blood Donation, V ox S an g2011; May 3. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01494.x.
  • Ditto B, France CR, Lavoie P et al. Reducing Reactions to Blood Donation with Applied Muscle Tension: a Randomized Controlled Trial, Transfusion 2003; 43: 1269-75.
  • Ditto B, France CR. The Effects of Applied Tension on Symptoms in French-Speaking Blood Donors: a Randomized Trial, Health Psychol 2006; 25: 433-7.
  • Ditto B, France CR, Michael A et al. Dismantling Applied Tension: Mechanisms of a Treatment to Reduce Blood Donation-Related Symptoms, Transfusion 2007; 47: 2217-22
  • Ditto B, France CR, Albert M et al. Effects of Applied Muscle Tension on the Likelihood of Blood Donor Return, Transfusion 2009; 49:858-62.
  • Ditto B, Balegh S, Gilchrist PT et al. Relation Between Perceived Blood Loss and Vasovagal Symptoms in Blood Donors, Clin Auton Res 2012; 22:113-6.
  • France CR, Montalva R, France JL et al. Enhancing Attitudes and Intentions in Prospective Blood Donors: Evaluation of a New Donor Recruitment Brochure, Transfusion 2008; 48:526-30.
  • France CR, Ditto B, Wissel ME et al. Predonation Hydration and Applied Muscle Tension Combine to Reduce Presyncopal Reactions to Blood Donation, Transfusion 2010; 50:1257-64.
  • Fu Q, Levine BD. Why do Young Women (donors) faint?, Transfusion 2010; 50:522-5.
  • Groothuis JT, Dıjk NV, Walter TW et al. Leg Crossing with Muscle Tensing, a Physical Counter- Manoeuvre to Prevent Syncope, Enhances Leg Blood Flow, Clinical Science 2007; 112: 193-201.
  • Hanson SA, France CR. Predonation Water İngestion Attenuates Negative Reactions to Blood Donation, Transfusion 2004; 44: 924-8
  • Holly CD, Torbit LBA, Ditto B. Applied Tension and Coping with Blood Donation: A Randomized Trial, A n n . Behav Med 2012; 43:173-80.
  • Jordan J. Acute Effect of Water on Blood Pressure What Do We Know?, Clin Auton Res 2002; 12: 250­ 5.
  • Kamel H, Tomasulo P, Bravo M et al. Delayed Adverse Reactions to Blood Donation, Transfusion 2010; 50:556-65.
  • Newman BH, Newman DT, Ahmad R et al. The Effect of Whole-Blood Donor Adverse Events on Blood Donor Return Rates, Transfusion 2006; 46:1374-9.
  • Krediet CT, van Dijk N, Linzer M et al. Management of Vasovagal Syncope: Controlling or Aborting Faints By Leg Crossing and Muscle Tensing, Circulation 2002; 106:1684-9.
  • Krediet PCT, Bruin IGJM, Ganzeboom SK et al. Leg Crossing, Muscle Tensing, Squatting, and The Crash Position Are Effective Against Vasovagal Reactions Solely Through Increases in Cardiac Output, J Appl Physiol 2005; 99: 1697-703.
  • Kowalsky JM, France JL, Wissel ME et al. Effect of Applied Muscle Tension on Cerebral Oxygenation During Blood Donation, Transfusion 2011; 51:1802-8.
  • Labus JS, France CR, Taylor BK. Vasovagal Reactions in Volunteer Blood Donors: Analyzing the Predictive Power of the Medical Fears Survey, International Journal O f Behavioral Medicine 2000; 7(1): 62-72.
  • Mathias CJ, Young TM . Water Drinking in the Management of Orthostatic Intolerance Due to Orthostatic Hypotension, Vasovagal Syncope and the Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, European Journal of Neurology 2004; 11: 613-9.
  • Moya A, Sutton R, Ammirati F et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009): the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Heart Journal 2009; 30: 2631-71.
  • Newman BH, Graves S. A study of 178 Consecutive Vasovagal Syncopal Reactions From The Perspective Of Safety, Transfusion 2001; 41:1475-9.
  • Newman HB. Blood Donor Complications After Whole-Blood Donation, Curr Opin Hematol 2004; 11: 339-345.
  • Newman B, Tommolino E, Andreozzi C et al. The effect of a 473-mL (16-oz) Water Drink on Vasovagal Donor Reaction Rates in High-School Students, Transfusion 2007; 47:1524-33.
  • Newman BH, Siegfried BA. The Quest to Reduce Vasovagal Reactions in Young Blood Donors, Transfusion 2011; 51:2061-63.
  • Olatunji BO, Etzel EN, Ciesielski BG. Vasovagal Syncope and Blood Donor Return: Examination of the Role of Experience and Affective Expectancies, B eh av M odif 2010; 34:2, 164-74.
  • Pathak C, Pujani M, Pahuja S et al. Adverse Reactions in Whole Blood Donors: an Indian Scenario, Blood Transfus 2011; 9: 46-9.
  • Parry SW, Kenny RA. Vasovagal Syncope Masquerading As Unexplained Falls in an Elderly Patient, Can J Cardiol 2002; 18:757- 8.
  • Parry SW, Kenny RA, The Management of Vazovagal syncope, QJMed 1999, 92: 697-705.
  • Popovsky MA. Vasovagal Donor Reactions: An Important Issue with Implications for the Blood Supply, Transfusion 2002; 42:1534-6.
  • Ritz T, Meuret AE, Ayala ES. The Psychophysiology of Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia: Looking Beyond the Diphasic Response Paradigm]. International Journal of Psychophysiology 2010; 78: 50-67.
  • Rohra DK, Juriasinghani V, Rai K et al. Prevalence of Immediate Vasovagal Reaction in Blood Donors Visiting two Blood Banks of Karachi, Transfusion Medicine 2010; 20: 129-33.
  • Rose BD, Post TW . Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional; 2001.
  • Smit AA, Halliwill JR, Low PA et al. Pathophysiological Basis of Orthostatic Hypotension in Autonomic failure, J Physiol 1999; 519(Pt 1):1-10.
  • Tomasulo P, Bravo M, Kamel H. Time Course of Vasovagal Syncope with Whole Blood Donation, ISBT Sci Ser 2010; 5: 52-8.
  • Tomasulo P, Kamel H, Bravo M et al. Interventions to Reduce the Vasovagal Reaction Rate in Young Whole Blood Donors, Transfusion 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03074.x
  • Van Dongen A, Abraham C, Ruiter RAC et al. The Influence of Adverse Reactions, Subjective Distress, and Anxiety on Retention of First-Time Blood Donors, Transfusion 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1537- 2995.2012.03810x
  • Veldhuizen I, Atsma F, Van Dongen A et al. Adverse Reactions, Psychological Factors, and Their Effect on Donor Retention in Men and Women, Transfusion 2012; 52:1-9.
  • Wieling W, France CR, Dijk N van et al. Physiologic Strategies to Prevent Fainting Responses During or After Whole Blood Donation, Transfusion 2011; 51: 2727-38.
  • Zervou EK, Ziciadis K, Karabini F et al. Vasovagal Reactions in Blood Donors During or Immediately After Blood Donation, Transfusion Medicine 2005; 15: 389-94.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Özgün Araştırma
Yazarlar

Serpil İnce Bu kişi benim

Leyla Khorshıd Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA İnce, S., & Khorshıd, L. (2014). KAN DONASYONUNDA VAZOVAGAL REAKSİYONLAR VE GÜVENLİĞİ GELİŞTİRMEK: MEVCUT ARAŞTIRMALAR. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 88-99.