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A SOCIO CULTURAL REFLECTION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: STIGMA

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 137 - 142, 01.11.2012

Öz

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is a physical disease with chronic and progressive characteristics and affects the individuals psycho-socially and socio-culturally. One of the important socio-cultural effects of COPD is stigma. Stigma -literally meaning “scar”, “mark”, “taint”, “symbol”, “disgrace”- is a term that recognizes the individuals with their distinguishing marks and distinct features. Stigma includes the behaviors and attitudes of the society; from taking a position against some patient groups due to prejudices to excluding them out of the society. Stigma has negative effects on person, family, society and members of the health team. Stigma, affecting self concept and self respect of the individual negatively, decreases their self respect. Individuals with decreased self respect feel insignificant and think as if they were useless. Emotional problems like anxiety and depression may occur with the decreased self respect. Some of the medicines used for symptoms –such as coughing, mucus and dyspnea- and for the treatments of COPD causes some changes on the physical image of the patients and thus causes them to experience stigma. In this review, the aim is to investigate stigma experienced in COPD and fight against stigma through literature support and to draw the attention of health care personnel to this issue

Kaynakça

  • Albrecht G, Walker V, Levy J (1982). Social distance from the stigmatized: a test of two theories. Soc Sci Med, 1982: 16(14):1319-1327.
  • Arslan H, Konuk ŞD. Stigma, spiritualite ve konfor kavramlarının Meleis’in kavram geliştirme sürecine göre irdelenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2009; 2(1):51-58.
  • Barnett M. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a phenomenological study of patients’ experiences. J Clin Nurs, 2005: 14(7): 805-812.
  • Berger BE, Kapella MC, Larson JL. The experience of stigma in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. West J Nurs Res, 2011: 33(7):916-932.
  • Earnest MA. Explaining adherence to supplemental oxygen therapy: the patient's perspective. J Gen Intern Med, 2002: 17(10):749-755.
  • Güney M. Ruhsal bozukluklarda stigmatizasyonu önlemek için neler yapılabilir? Kriz Dergisi, 2005; 12(1): 67-71.
  • Gysels M, Higginson IJ. Access to services for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the invisibility of breathlessness. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2008: 36(5):451-460.
  • Halding AG, Heggdal K, Wahl A. Experiences of self-blame and stigmatisation for self-infliction among individuals living with COPD. Scand J Caring Sci, 2011; 25(1):100-107.
  • Johnson JL, Campbell AC, Bowers M ve ark. Understanding the social consequences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease the effects of stigma and gender. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2007; 4:680-82.
  • Jonsdottir H. Life patterns of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: isolation and being closed in. Nurs Sci Q, 1998; 11:160-166.
  • Kocabaşoğlu N, Aliustaoğlu S. Stigmatizasyon. Yeni Symposium, 2003; 41(4):190-192.
  • Mak WWS, Mo PKH, Cheung RYM ve ark. Comparative stigma of HIV/AIDS, SARS and tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Soc Sci Med, 2006: 63(7):1912-1922.
  • Maurer J, Rebbapragada V, Burgos S ve ark. Anxiety and depression in COPD: current understanding, unanswered questions and research needs. Chest, 2008; 134 (suppl 4) 43-56.
  • McCathie HCF, Spencw SH, Tate RL Adjustment to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the importance of psychological factors. Eur Respir J, 2002: 19:47-53.
  • Meise U, Sulzenbacher H, Hinterhuber H. Attempts to overcome the stigma of schizophrenia. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr, 2001; 69 (Suppl 2):75-80.
  • O'Neill ES. Illness representations and coping of women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. Heart Lung, 2002; 31(4):295-302.
  • Partridge MR, Dal Negro RW, Olivieri D. Understanding patients with asthma and COPD: insights from a European study. Prim Care Respir J, 2011; 20(3):315-323.
  • Robinson T. Living with severe hypoxic COPD:the patients’ experience. Nurs Times, 2005; 101(7):38-42.
  • Scambler G. Sociology, social structure and health-related stigma. Psychol Health Med, 2006: 11(3):288-95.
  • Schulze B, Angermeyer MC. Subjective experiences of stigma. A focus group study of schizophrenic patients, their relatives and mental health professionals. Soc Sci Med, 2003: 56:299-312.
  • Sexton DL, Munro BH. Living with a chronic illness. West J Nurs Res, 1988; 10(1);26-44.
  • Shibre T, Negash A, Kullgren G ve ark. Perception of stigma among family members of individuals with schizophrenia and major affective disorders in rural Ethiopia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 2001; 36(6):299-303.
  • Tel H. KOAH’lı hastaların ilaç tedavisini sürdürme durumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. 4.Ulusal İç Hastalıkları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, Antalya: MİKİ Matbaacılık Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd Şti, 2002: 187.
  • Üçok A. Şizofreni: damga, mitler ve gerçekler. Psikiyatri Dünyası, 1999; 3(3):67-71.
  • Van Brakel WH. Measuring health related stigma a literatüre review. Psychol Health Med, 2006: 11(3): 307-334.
  • Weiss MG, Ramakrishna J, Somma D. Health-related stigma: rethinking concepts and interventions. Psychol Health Med, 2006: 11(3):277-87.
  • Weiss MG, Ramakrishna J. Stigma interventions and research for international health. Lancet, 2006: 367(9509):536-538.

KRONİK OBSTRÜKTİF AKCİĞER HASTALIĞININ SOSYOKÜLTÜREL YANSIMASI: STİGMA

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 137 - 142, 01.11.2012

Öz

Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı KOAH kronik ve ilerleyici özelliği olan, bireyi fiziksel, psikososyal ve sosyo-kültürel olarak etkileyen fiziksel bir hastalıktır. KOAH’ın önemli sosyokültürel etkilerinden birisi stigmadır. Stigma, sözcük olarak “yara”, “iz”, “damga”, “işaret”, “kara leke” anlamı taşıyan, kişileri ayırıcı, belirgin bir özelliği ile tanımlayan bir kavramdır. Stigma, toplumun önyargılar sonucu bazı hasta gruplarına karşı tavır almasından, onların toplumdan dışlanmasına kadar giden tutum ve davranışlarını içerir. Stigmanın birey, aile, toplum ve sağlık ekibi üyeleri üzerinde olumsuz etkileri vardır. Stigma bireyin benlik kavramı ve benlik saygısını olumsuz etkileyerek bireyin benlik saygısını azaltır. Benlik saygısı azalan birey kendisini değersiz hisseder, işe yaramaz olduğunu düşünebilir. Benlik saygısının azalması ile anksiyete ve depresyon gibi ruhsal sorunlar da sık görülür. KOAH’ın öksürük, balgam, dispne gibi bazı belirtilerinin ve tedavisinde kullanılan bazı ilaçların fiziksel görünümde oluşturduğu değişiklikler hastaların stigma yaşamasında etkili olmaktadır. Bu derlemede amaç; KOAH’da yaşanan stigma ve stigma ile mücadeleyi literatür desteği ile ele almak, KOAH’lı hastaya bakım veren sağlık çalışanlarının dikkatini bu konuya çekmektir

Kaynakça

  • Albrecht G, Walker V, Levy J (1982). Social distance from the stigmatized: a test of two theories. Soc Sci Med, 1982: 16(14):1319-1327.
  • Arslan H, Konuk ŞD. Stigma, spiritualite ve konfor kavramlarının Meleis’in kavram geliştirme sürecine göre irdelenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2009; 2(1):51-58.
  • Barnett M. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a phenomenological study of patients’ experiences. J Clin Nurs, 2005: 14(7): 805-812.
  • Berger BE, Kapella MC, Larson JL. The experience of stigma in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. West J Nurs Res, 2011: 33(7):916-932.
  • Earnest MA. Explaining adherence to supplemental oxygen therapy: the patient's perspective. J Gen Intern Med, 2002: 17(10):749-755.
  • Güney M. Ruhsal bozukluklarda stigmatizasyonu önlemek için neler yapılabilir? Kriz Dergisi, 2005; 12(1): 67-71.
  • Gysels M, Higginson IJ. Access to services for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the invisibility of breathlessness. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2008: 36(5):451-460.
  • Halding AG, Heggdal K, Wahl A. Experiences of self-blame and stigmatisation for self-infliction among individuals living with COPD. Scand J Caring Sci, 2011; 25(1):100-107.
  • Johnson JL, Campbell AC, Bowers M ve ark. Understanding the social consequences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease the effects of stigma and gender. Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2007; 4:680-82.
  • Jonsdottir H. Life patterns of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: isolation and being closed in. Nurs Sci Q, 1998; 11:160-166.
  • Kocabaşoğlu N, Aliustaoğlu S. Stigmatizasyon. Yeni Symposium, 2003; 41(4):190-192.
  • Mak WWS, Mo PKH, Cheung RYM ve ark. Comparative stigma of HIV/AIDS, SARS and tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Soc Sci Med, 2006: 63(7):1912-1922.
  • Maurer J, Rebbapragada V, Burgos S ve ark. Anxiety and depression in COPD: current understanding, unanswered questions and research needs. Chest, 2008; 134 (suppl 4) 43-56.
  • McCathie HCF, Spencw SH, Tate RL Adjustment to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the importance of psychological factors. Eur Respir J, 2002: 19:47-53.
  • Meise U, Sulzenbacher H, Hinterhuber H. Attempts to overcome the stigma of schizophrenia. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr, 2001; 69 (Suppl 2):75-80.
  • O'Neill ES. Illness representations and coping of women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. Heart Lung, 2002; 31(4):295-302.
  • Partridge MR, Dal Negro RW, Olivieri D. Understanding patients with asthma and COPD: insights from a European study. Prim Care Respir J, 2011; 20(3):315-323.
  • Robinson T. Living with severe hypoxic COPD:the patients’ experience. Nurs Times, 2005; 101(7):38-42.
  • Scambler G. Sociology, social structure and health-related stigma. Psychol Health Med, 2006: 11(3):288-95.
  • Schulze B, Angermeyer MC. Subjective experiences of stigma. A focus group study of schizophrenic patients, their relatives and mental health professionals. Soc Sci Med, 2003: 56:299-312.
  • Sexton DL, Munro BH. Living with a chronic illness. West J Nurs Res, 1988; 10(1);26-44.
  • Shibre T, Negash A, Kullgren G ve ark. Perception of stigma among family members of individuals with schizophrenia and major affective disorders in rural Ethiopia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 2001; 36(6):299-303.
  • Tel H. KOAH’lı hastaların ilaç tedavisini sürdürme durumlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. 4.Ulusal İç Hastalıkları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, Antalya: MİKİ Matbaacılık Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd Şti, 2002: 187.
  • Üçok A. Şizofreni: damga, mitler ve gerçekler. Psikiyatri Dünyası, 1999; 3(3):67-71.
  • Van Brakel WH. Measuring health related stigma a literatüre review. Psychol Health Med, 2006: 11(3): 307-334.
  • Weiss MG, Ramakrishna J, Somma D. Health-related stigma: rethinking concepts and interventions. Psychol Health Med, 2006: 11(3):277-87.
  • Weiss MG, Ramakrishna J. Stigma interventions and research for international health. Lancet, 2006: 367(9509):536-538.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Özgün Araştırma
Yazarlar

Hatice Tel Bu kişi benim

Havva Tel Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Kasım 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Tel, H., & Tel, H. (2012). KRONİK OBSTRÜKTİF AKCİĞER HASTALIĞININ SOSYOKÜLTÜREL YANSIMASI: STİGMA. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 137-142.