Göğüs Cerrahisi ve Hemşirelik Bakımı
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 141 - 148, 27.04.2023
Fatma Demir Korkmaz
,
Tuğçe Yeşilyaprak
,
Firdevs Atıcı Sofu
Öz
Göğüs cerrahisi alt solunum yolu hastalıklarında sıklıkla uygulanmaktadır. Ancak cerrahi sonrası göğüs fizyopatolojisindeki değişiklikler solunumsal ve kalple ilişkili komplikasyonlara neden olmaktadır. Komplikasyonların önlemesi ve azaltılması için tüm ameliyat sürecinde bütüncül bir hemşirelik bakımı önemlidir. Bu makale göğüs cerrahisi sonrası fizyopatolojik değişikler, komplikasyonlar ve hemşirelik bakımına yönelik bilgi vermek amacıyla yazıldı.
Kaynakça
- Ahmad, A. M. (2018a). Essentials of physiotherapy after thoracic surgery: What physiotherapists need to know. A narrative review. The Korean journal of thoracic cardiovascular surgery, 51(5), 293-307. doi:10.5090/kjtcs.2018.51.5.293
- Ahmad, A. M. (2018b). Essentials of Physiotherapy after Thoracic Surgery: What Physiotherapists Need to Know. A Narrative Review. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 51(5), 293-307. doi:https://doi.org/10.5090/kjtcs.2018.51.5.293
- Akyolcu, N., & Seyhan Ak, E. (2017). Cerrahi Hemşireliği II. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
- Al Sawalhi, S., Ding, J., Vannucci, J., Li, Y., Odeh, A., & Zhao, D. (2021). Perioperative risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) pneumonectomy versus open thoracotomy: single center experience. General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 69(3), 487-496. doi:10.1007/s11748-020-01491-3
- Annesi, S., & Brook-Brunner, J. (2010). Management of Patients With Chest and Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders (10. Edition ed.).
- Baringer, K., & Talbert, S. (2017). Chest drainage systems and management of air leaks after a pulmonary resection. Journal of thoracic disease, 9(12), 5399-5403. doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.11.15
- Batchelor, T. J., & Ljungqvist, O. (2019). A surgical perspective of ERAS guidelines in thoracic surgery. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology, 32(1), 17-22.
- Batchelor, T. J., Rasburn, N. J., Abdelnour-Berchtold, E., Brunelli, A., Cerfolio, R. J., Gonzalez, M., . . . Slinger, P. D. (2019). Guidelines for enhanced recovery after lung surgery: recommendations of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 55(1), 91-115.
- Bertani, A., Ferrari, P., Terzo, D., Russo, E., Burgio, G., De Monte, L., . . . Crisci, R. (2018). A comprehensive protocol for physiokinesis therapy and enhanced recovery after surgery in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy. Journal of thoracic disease, 10( 4), 499-511. doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.02.55
- Birdi, I., Baghai, M., & Wells, F. C. (2001). Surgical correction of postpneumonectomy stridor by saline breast implantation. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 71(5), 1704-1706. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02404-8
- Blichfeldt-Eckhardt, M. R., Andersen, C., Ørding, H., Licht, P. B., & Toft, P. (2017). Shoulder Pain After Thoracic Surgery: Type and Time Course, a Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 31(1), 147-151. doi:https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2016.04.032
- Chae, E. J., Seo, J. B., Kim, S. Y., Do, K.-H., Heo, J.-N., Lee, J. S., . . . Lim, T.-H. (2006). Radiographic and CT findings of thoracic complications after pneumonectomy. Radiographics, 26(5), 1449-1468.
- Crimmons, K. (2016). Oxford Handbook of Surgical Nursing UK: Oxford University.
Dion, L., Rodgers, N., Cutshall, S. M., Cordes, M. E., Bauer, B., Cassivi, S. D., & Cha, S. (2011). Effect of massage on pain management for thoracic surgery patients. International journal of therapeutic massage & bodywork, 4(2), 2-6. doi:10.3822/ijtmb.v4i2.100
- Fernando, H. C., Jaklitsch, M. T., Walsh, G. L., Tisdale, J. E., Bridges, C. D., Mitchell, J. D., & Shrager, J. B. (2011). The Society of Thoracic Surgeons practice guideline on the prophylaxis and management of atrial fibrillation associated with general thoracic surgery: executive summary. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 92(3), 1144-1152.
- Forster, C., Doucet, V., Perentes, J. Y., Abdelnour-Berchtold, E., Zellweger, M., Faouzi, M., . . . Gonzalez, M. (2021). Impact of an enhanced recovery after surgery pathway on thoracoscopic lobectomy outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a propensity score-matched study. Translational lung cancer research, 10(1), 93-103. doi:10.21037/tlcr-20-891
- Gao, S., Barello, S., Chen, L., Chen, C., Che, G., Cai, K., . . . Ho, A. M. H. (2019). Clinical guidelines on perioperative management strategies for enhanced recovery after lung surgery. Translational lung cancer research, 8(6), 1174-1187. doi:10.21037/tlcr.2019.12.25
- Grondell, J., Holleran, C., Mintz, E., & Wiesel, O. (2018). Postoperative bedside critical care of thoracic surgery patients. American Journal of Critical Care, 27(4), 328-333. doi:doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2018107
- Huang, J. W., Lin, Y. Y., Wu, N. Y., & Tsai, C. H. (2017). Transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for postpneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula: A case report. Medicine, 96(16), e6688. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000006688
- Institute, T. S. (2019). Cause of death statistics, 2018. Retrieved from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2018-30626
- Iyer, A., & Yadav, S. (2013). Postoperative care and complications after thoracic surgery. Principles practice of cardiothoracic surgery. Intech, 57-84.
- Jung, J. J., Cho, J. H., Kim, H. K., Choi, Y. S., Kim, J., Zo, J. I., & Shim, Y. M. (2016). Management of post‐pneumonectomy syndrome using tissue expanders. Thoracic cancer, 7(1), 88-93.
- Kavaklı, Ö., Kavaklı, K., & Tarhan, G. (2020). The analysis of learning needs and level of awareness for patients who underwent thoracic surgery. Gülhane Tip Dergisi, 62(2), 80.
- Kaya, S. O., Akcam, T. I., Ceylan, K. C., Samancılar, O., Ozturk, O., & Usluer, O. (2016). Is preoperative protein-rich nutrition effective on postoperative outcome in non-small cell lung cancer surgery? A prospective randomized study. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 11(1), 14. doi:10.1186/s13019-016-0407-1
- Keshava, H. B., & Boffa, D. (2015). Cardiovascular complications following thoracic surgery. Thoracic surgery clinics, 25(4), 371-392.
Li, Y., Yan, C., Li, J., Wang, Q., Zhang, J., Qiang, W., & Qi, D. (2020). A nurse‐driven enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) nursing program for geriatric patients following lung surgery. Thoracic cancer, 11(4), 1105-1113.
- Lim, E., Baldwin, D., Beckles, M., Duffy, J., Entwisle, J., Faivre-Finn, C., . . . Padley, S. (2010). Guidelines on the radical management of patients with lung cancer. Thorax, 65(3), 1-27.
- Liu, Y., & Petrini, M. A. (2015). Effects of music therapy on pain, anxiety, and vital signs in patients after thoracic surgery. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 23(5), 714-718. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2015.08.002
- Mehran, R. J., Martin, L. W., Baker, C. M., Mena, G. E., & Rice, D. C. (2016). Pain Management in an Enhanced Recovery Pathway After Thoracic Surgical Procedures. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 102(6), e595-e596. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.05.050
- Odejobi, Y., Maneewat, K., & Chittithavorn, V. (2019). Nurse‐led post‐thoracic surgery pain management programme: its outcomes in a Nigerian Hospital. International nursing review, 66(3), 434-441.
- Organazition, W. H. (2020). Data of International Agency of Research on Cancer. R
etrieved from https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/15-Lung-fact-sheet.pdf
- Özkan, M. (2014). Turkish Thoracic Society Preoperative Evaluation Consensus Report. Retrieved from Turkey: https://toraks.org.tr/site/community/downloads/2152
- Paone, G., Rose, G., & Giudice, G. C. (2018). Physiology of pleural space after pulmonary resection. J. Xiangya Med, 3(3). doi:doi: 10.21037/jxym.2018.03.01
- Patella, M., Saporito, A., Mongelli, F., Pini, R., Inderbitzi, R., & Cafarotti, S. (2018). Management of residual pleural space after lung resection: fully controllable paralysis of the diaphragm through continuous phrenic nerve block. Journal of thoracic disease, 10(8), 4883-4890. doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.07.27
- Piccioni, F., Segat, M., Falini, S., Umari, M., Putina, O., Cavaliere, L., . . . Droghetti, A. (2018). Enhanced recovery pathways in thoracic surgery from Italian VATS Group: perioperative analgesia protocols. J Thorac Dis, 10(Suppl 4), S555-s563. doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.12.86
- Reeve, J., Stiller, K., Nicol, K., McPherson, K. M., Birch, P., Gordon, I. R., & Denehy, L. (2010). A postoperative shoulder exercise program improves function and decreases pain following open thoracotomy: a randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, 56(4), 245-252. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(10)70007-2
- Refai, M., Andolfi, M., Gentili, P., Pelusi, G., Manzotti, F., & Sabbatini, A. (2018a). Enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery: patient information and care-plans. Journal of thoracic disease, 10(4), 512-516. doi:doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.12.87
- Refai, M., Andolfi, M., Gentili, P., Pelusi, G., Manzotti, F., & Sabbatini, A. (2018b). Enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery: patient information and care-plans. Journal of thoracic disease, 10(4), 512-516.
- Rena, O., Papalia, E., Oliaro, A., Casadio, C., Ruffini, E., Filosso, P., . . . Maggi, G. (2001). Supraventricular arrhythmias after resection surgery of the lung. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 20(4), 688-693. doi:10.1016/S1010-7940(01)00890-9 %J European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
- Saqib, M. (2016). Risk factors for thoracic surgery. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care, 20(1).
Seify, H., Mansour, K., Miller, J., Douglas, T., Burke, R., Losken, A., . . . Hester, T. R. (2007). Single-Stage Muscle Flap Reconstruction of the Postpneumonectomy Empyema Space: The Emory Experience. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 120(7).
- Sengupta, S. (2015). Post-operative pulmonary complications after thoracotomy. Indian journal of anaesthesia, 59(9), 618-626. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.165852
- Shen, K. R., Wain, J. C., Wright, C. D., Grillo, H. C., & Mathisen, D. J. (2008). Postpneumonectomy syndrome: Surgical management and long-term results. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 135(6), 1210-1219.e1216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.11.022
- Tahiri, M., Goudie, E., Jouquan, A., Martin, J., Ferraro, P., & Liberman, M. (2020). Enhanced recovery after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy: a prospective, historically controlled, propensity-matched clinical study. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 63(3), 233-240. doi:10.1503/cjs.001919.
- Wang, H., Hu, W., Ma, L., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Digital chest drainage system versus traditional chest drainage system after pulmonary resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 14(1), 13. doi:10.1186/s13019-019-0842-x
- Warner, David O., & Weiskopf, Richard B. (2000). Preventing Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: The Role of the Anesthesiologist. Anesthesiology, 92(5), 1467-1472. doi:10.1097/00000542-200005000-00037 %J Anesthesiology
White, J., & Dixon, S. (2015). Nurse led Patient Education Programme for patients undergoing a lung resection for primary lung cancer. Journal of thoracic disease, 7(2), 131-137. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.03.11
- Whyte, R. I., & Grant, P. D. (2005). Preoperative patient education in thoracic surgery. Thorac Surg Clin, 15(2), 195-201. doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2005.02.002
- Wolfe, W. G., & Lewis, C. W. (2002). Control of the pleural space after pneumonectomy. Chest Surgery Clinics, 12(3), 565-570.
Yang, J., Xia, Y., Yang, Y., Ni, Z.-z., He, W.-x., Wang, H.-f., . . . Jiang, G.-n. (2014). Risk factors for major adverse events of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for lung cancer. International journal of medical sciences, 11(9), 863. doi:DOI 10.1007/s12262-016-1510-1
- Yeung, W. W. K. (2016). Post-operative care to promote recovery for thoracic surgical patients: a nursing perspective. Journal of thoracic disease, 8(1), 71-77. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.68
Thoracic Surgery and Nursing Care
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1, 141 - 148, 27.04.2023
Fatma Demir Korkmaz
,
Tuğçe Yeşilyaprak
,
Firdevs Atıcı Sofu
Öz
Changes in the pathophysiology of the chest after thoracic surgery cause respiratory and heart-related complications. These complications arise in connection with the patient’s physiological characteristics and with the type of surgical intervention. Complications which occur and which cannot be brought under control extend the length of hospital stay and cause an increase in the rates of morbidity and mortality. To reduce and prevent complications, holistic nursing care is important throughout the surgical process. In this way, the patient’s functional life can recover more quickly. Therefore, we will discuss the pathophysiological changes, complications and evidence-based practices for nursing care after thoracic surgery.
Kaynakça
- Ahmad, A. M. (2018a). Essentials of physiotherapy after thoracic surgery: What physiotherapists need to know. A narrative review. The Korean journal of thoracic cardiovascular surgery, 51(5), 293-307. doi:10.5090/kjtcs.2018.51.5.293
- Ahmad, A. M. (2018b). Essentials of Physiotherapy after Thoracic Surgery: What Physiotherapists Need to Know. A Narrative Review. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 51(5), 293-307. doi:https://doi.org/10.5090/kjtcs.2018.51.5.293
- Akyolcu, N., & Seyhan Ak, E. (2017). Cerrahi Hemşireliği II. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
- Al Sawalhi, S., Ding, J., Vannucci, J., Li, Y., Odeh, A., & Zhao, D. (2021). Perioperative risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) pneumonectomy versus open thoracotomy: single center experience. General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 69(3), 487-496. doi:10.1007/s11748-020-01491-3
- Annesi, S., & Brook-Brunner, J. (2010). Management of Patients With Chest and Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders (10. Edition ed.).
- Baringer, K., & Talbert, S. (2017). Chest drainage systems and management of air leaks after a pulmonary resection. Journal of thoracic disease, 9(12), 5399-5403. doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.11.15
- Batchelor, T. J., & Ljungqvist, O. (2019). A surgical perspective of ERAS guidelines in thoracic surgery. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology, 32(1), 17-22.
- Batchelor, T. J., Rasburn, N. J., Abdelnour-Berchtold, E., Brunelli, A., Cerfolio, R. J., Gonzalez, M., . . . Slinger, P. D. (2019). Guidelines for enhanced recovery after lung surgery: recommendations of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 55(1), 91-115.
- Bertani, A., Ferrari, P., Terzo, D., Russo, E., Burgio, G., De Monte, L., . . . Crisci, R. (2018). A comprehensive protocol for physiokinesis therapy and enhanced recovery after surgery in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy. Journal of thoracic disease, 10( 4), 499-511. doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.02.55
- Birdi, I., Baghai, M., & Wells, F. C. (2001). Surgical correction of postpneumonectomy stridor by saline breast implantation. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 71(5), 1704-1706. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02404-8
- Blichfeldt-Eckhardt, M. R., Andersen, C., Ørding, H., Licht, P. B., & Toft, P. (2017). Shoulder Pain After Thoracic Surgery: Type and Time Course, a Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 31(1), 147-151. doi:https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2016.04.032
- Chae, E. J., Seo, J. B., Kim, S. Y., Do, K.-H., Heo, J.-N., Lee, J. S., . . . Lim, T.-H. (2006). Radiographic and CT findings of thoracic complications after pneumonectomy. Radiographics, 26(5), 1449-1468.
- Crimmons, K. (2016). Oxford Handbook of Surgical Nursing UK: Oxford University.
Dion, L., Rodgers, N., Cutshall, S. M., Cordes, M. E., Bauer, B., Cassivi, S. D., & Cha, S. (2011). Effect of massage on pain management for thoracic surgery patients. International journal of therapeutic massage & bodywork, 4(2), 2-6. doi:10.3822/ijtmb.v4i2.100
- Fernando, H. C., Jaklitsch, M. T., Walsh, G. L., Tisdale, J. E., Bridges, C. D., Mitchell, J. D., & Shrager, J. B. (2011). The Society of Thoracic Surgeons practice guideline on the prophylaxis and management of atrial fibrillation associated with general thoracic surgery: executive summary. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 92(3), 1144-1152.
- Forster, C., Doucet, V., Perentes, J. Y., Abdelnour-Berchtold, E., Zellweger, M., Faouzi, M., . . . Gonzalez, M. (2021). Impact of an enhanced recovery after surgery pathway on thoracoscopic lobectomy outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a propensity score-matched study. Translational lung cancer research, 10(1), 93-103. doi:10.21037/tlcr-20-891
- Gao, S., Barello, S., Chen, L., Chen, C., Che, G., Cai, K., . . . Ho, A. M. H. (2019). Clinical guidelines on perioperative management strategies for enhanced recovery after lung surgery. Translational lung cancer research, 8(6), 1174-1187. doi:10.21037/tlcr.2019.12.25
- Grondell, J., Holleran, C., Mintz, E., & Wiesel, O. (2018). Postoperative bedside critical care of thoracic surgery patients. American Journal of Critical Care, 27(4), 328-333. doi:doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2018107
- Huang, J. W., Lin, Y. Y., Wu, N. Y., & Tsai, C. H. (2017). Transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for postpneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula: A case report. Medicine, 96(16), e6688. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000006688
- Institute, T. S. (2019). Cause of death statistics, 2018. Retrieved from https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2018-30626
- Iyer, A., & Yadav, S. (2013). Postoperative care and complications after thoracic surgery. Principles practice of cardiothoracic surgery. Intech, 57-84.
- Jung, J. J., Cho, J. H., Kim, H. K., Choi, Y. S., Kim, J., Zo, J. I., & Shim, Y. M. (2016). Management of post‐pneumonectomy syndrome using tissue expanders. Thoracic cancer, 7(1), 88-93.
- Kavaklı, Ö., Kavaklı, K., & Tarhan, G. (2020). The analysis of learning needs and level of awareness for patients who underwent thoracic surgery. Gülhane Tip Dergisi, 62(2), 80.
- Kaya, S. O., Akcam, T. I., Ceylan, K. C., Samancılar, O., Ozturk, O., & Usluer, O. (2016). Is preoperative protein-rich nutrition effective on postoperative outcome in non-small cell lung cancer surgery? A prospective randomized study. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 11(1), 14. doi:10.1186/s13019-016-0407-1
- Keshava, H. B., & Boffa, D. (2015). Cardiovascular complications following thoracic surgery. Thoracic surgery clinics, 25(4), 371-392.
Li, Y., Yan, C., Li, J., Wang, Q., Zhang, J., Qiang, W., & Qi, D. (2020). A nurse‐driven enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) nursing program for geriatric patients following lung surgery. Thoracic cancer, 11(4), 1105-1113.
- Lim, E., Baldwin, D., Beckles, M., Duffy, J., Entwisle, J., Faivre-Finn, C., . . . Padley, S. (2010). Guidelines on the radical management of patients with lung cancer. Thorax, 65(3), 1-27.
- Liu, Y., & Petrini, M. A. (2015). Effects of music therapy on pain, anxiety, and vital signs in patients after thoracic surgery. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 23(5), 714-718. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2015.08.002
- Mehran, R. J., Martin, L. W., Baker, C. M., Mena, G. E., & Rice, D. C. (2016). Pain Management in an Enhanced Recovery Pathway After Thoracic Surgical Procedures. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 102(6), e595-e596. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.05.050
- Odejobi, Y., Maneewat, K., & Chittithavorn, V. (2019). Nurse‐led post‐thoracic surgery pain management programme: its outcomes in a Nigerian Hospital. International nursing review, 66(3), 434-441.
- Organazition, W. H. (2020). Data of International Agency of Research on Cancer. R
etrieved from https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/15-Lung-fact-sheet.pdf
- Özkan, M. (2014). Turkish Thoracic Society Preoperative Evaluation Consensus Report. Retrieved from Turkey: https://toraks.org.tr/site/community/downloads/2152
- Paone, G., Rose, G., & Giudice, G. C. (2018). Physiology of pleural space after pulmonary resection. J. Xiangya Med, 3(3). doi:doi: 10.21037/jxym.2018.03.01
- Patella, M., Saporito, A., Mongelli, F., Pini, R., Inderbitzi, R., & Cafarotti, S. (2018). Management of residual pleural space after lung resection: fully controllable paralysis of the diaphragm through continuous phrenic nerve block. Journal of thoracic disease, 10(8), 4883-4890. doi:10.21037/jtd.2018.07.27
- Piccioni, F., Segat, M., Falini, S., Umari, M., Putina, O., Cavaliere, L., . . . Droghetti, A. (2018). Enhanced recovery pathways in thoracic surgery from Italian VATS Group: perioperative analgesia protocols. J Thorac Dis, 10(Suppl 4), S555-s563. doi:10.21037/jtd.2017.12.86
- Reeve, J., Stiller, K., Nicol, K., McPherson, K. M., Birch, P., Gordon, I. R., & Denehy, L. (2010). A postoperative shoulder exercise program improves function and decreases pain following open thoracotomy: a randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, 56(4), 245-252. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(10)70007-2
- Refai, M., Andolfi, M., Gentili, P., Pelusi, G., Manzotti, F., & Sabbatini, A. (2018a). Enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery: patient information and care-plans. Journal of thoracic disease, 10(4), 512-516. doi:doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.12.87
- Refai, M., Andolfi, M., Gentili, P., Pelusi, G., Manzotti, F., & Sabbatini, A. (2018b). Enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery: patient information and care-plans. Journal of thoracic disease, 10(4), 512-516.
- Rena, O., Papalia, E., Oliaro, A., Casadio, C., Ruffini, E., Filosso, P., . . . Maggi, G. (2001). Supraventricular arrhythmias after resection surgery of the lung. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 20(4), 688-693. doi:10.1016/S1010-7940(01)00890-9 %J European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
- Saqib, M. (2016). Risk factors for thoracic surgery. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care, 20(1).
Seify, H., Mansour, K., Miller, J., Douglas, T., Burke, R., Losken, A., . . . Hester, T. R. (2007). Single-Stage Muscle Flap Reconstruction of the Postpneumonectomy Empyema Space: The Emory Experience. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 120(7).
- Sengupta, S. (2015). Post-operative pulmonary complications after thoracotomy. Indian journal of anaesthesia, 59(9), 618-626. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.165852
- Shen, K. R., Wain, J. C., Wright, C. D., Grillo, H. C., & Mathisen, D. J. (2008). Postpneumonectomy syndrome: Surgical management and long-term results. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 135(6), 1210-1219.e1216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.11.022
- Tahiri, M., Goudie, E., Jouquan, A., Martin, J., Ferraro, P., & Liberman, M. (2020). Enhanced recovery after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy: a prospective, historically controlled, propensity-matched clinical study. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 63(3), 233-240. doi:10.1503/cjs.001919.
- Wang, H., Hu, W., Ma, L., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Digital chest drainage system versus traditional chest drainage system after pulmonary resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 14(1), 13. doi:10.1186/s13019-019-0842-x
- Warner, David O., & Weiskopf, Richard B. (2000). Preventing Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: The Role of the Anesthesiologist. Anesthesiology, 92(5), 1467-1472. doi:10.1097/00000542-200005000-00037 %J Anesthesiology
White, J., & Dixon, S. (2015). Nurse led Patient Education Programme for patients undergoing a lung resection for primary lung cancer. Journal of thoracic disease, 7(2), 131-137. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.03.11
- Whyte, R. I., & Grant, P. D. (2005). Preoperative patient education in thoracic surgery. Thorac Surg Clin, 15(2), 195-201. doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2005.02.002
- Wolfe, W. G., & Lewis, C. W. (2002). Control of the pleural space after pneumonectomy. Chest Surgery Clinics, 12(3), 565-570.
Yang, J., Xia, Y., Yang, Y., Ni, Z.-z., He, W.-x., Wang, H.-f., . . . Jiang, G.-n. (2014). Risk factors for major adverse events of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy for lung cancer. International journal of medical sciences, 11(9), 863. doi:DOI 10.1007/s12262-016-1510-1
- Yeung, W. W. K. (2016). Post-operative care to promote recovery for thoracic surgical patients: a nursing perspective. Journal of thoracic disease, 8(1), 71-77. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.10.68