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Fear of Paternal Birth and The Role of The Nurse

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 405 - 410, 22.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.53490/egehemsire.1330417

Öz

Abstract

Fear of childbirth, also known as tokophobia, is a condition that triggers different emotional reactions that are ignored and seen in men as well as women. Severe fear of childbirth can be both physically and emotionally debilitating and lead to pathological conditions. Fear of childbirth is also defined as a psychological disorder in some sources. In addition to being a common obstetric problem affecting women's health, it is known that fathers also experience this fear. There are many studies in the literature on the fear of birth experienced by mothers, its causes, effects and prevention interventions. Evidence shows that most women want their spouses to be involved in the pregnancy, be present at the birth of their children, and participate in the upbringing of their children. Many men have also been found to desire this type of involvement, but it is clear that most men are offered little or no help with parenting. Birth preparation trainings and counseling services to be provided by nurses can help prospective fathers to have a more positive birth experience. Early awareness and intervention by nurses, as well as prenatal education designed to meet the needs of both fathers and mothers, can limit the negative effects of perinatal anxiety and depression on parenting behaviors and attitudes among parents and increase parental coping skills. Therefore, the aim of this review is to define the fear of birth in fathers in the light of current literature and to provide information about counseling services for fathers who have fear of birth.

Key words: Parturition; paternity; counseling; nursing

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • Bastos, M. H., Furuta, M., Small, R., McKenzie-McHarg, K., Bick, D. (2015). Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (4), CD007194. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007194.pub2
  • Bergström, M., Rudman, A., Waldenström, U., Kieler, H. (2013). Fear of childbirth in expectant fathers, subsequent childbirth experience and impact of antenatal education: subanalysis of results from a randomized controlled trial. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 92(8), 967–973. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12147
  • Bhatia, M. S., Jhanjee, A. (2012). Tokophobia: A dread of pregnancy. Industrial psychiatry journal, 21(2), 158–159. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.119649
  • Bilge, Ç., Dönmez, S., Olgaç, Z., ve Pirinççi, F. (2022). Gebelikte Doğum Korkusu ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer, 12(2), 330-335.
  • Çiftçi, A., Karakuş Ö, Kumral A, Zararsız, A, Bay, F. (2022). Türkiye’de Doğum Korkusu ile Başetmde Yöntemleri Konusunda Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezler Üzerine Sistematik İnceleme, KTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 43-57.
  • Dagla, C., Antoniou, E., Sarantaki, A., Iliadou, M., Mrvoljak-Theodoropoulou, I., Andersson, E., Dagla, M. (2023). The Effect of Antenatal Education on Expectant Fathers' Attitudes toward Breastfeeding and Attachment to the Fetus. Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy), 13(1), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep13010023
  • Daniels, E., Arden-Close, E., Mayers, A. (2020). Be quiet and man up: a qualitative questionnaire study into fathers who witnessed their Partner's birth trauma. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 20(1), 236. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-02902-2
  • Demšar, K., Svetina, M., Verdenik, I., Tul, N., Blickstein, I., Globevnik Velikonja, V. (2018). Tokophobia (fear of childbirth): prevalence and risk factors. Journal of perinatal medicine, 46(2), 151–154. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2016-0282
  • Dencker, A., Nilsson, C., Begley, C., Jangsten, E., Mollberg, M., Patel, H., Wigert, H., Hessman, E., Sjöblom, H., Sparud-Lundin, C. (2019). Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: A systematic review. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 32(2), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.07.004
  • Elmir, R., Schmied, V. (2022). A qualitative study of the impact of adverse birth experiences on fathers. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 35(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2021.01.005
  • Fairbrother, N., Collardeau, F., Albert, A., Stoll, K. (2022). Screening for Perinatal Anxiety Using the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire: A New Measure of Fear of Childbirth. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(4), 2223. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042223
  • Fenwick, J., Bayes, S., Johansson, M. (2012). A qualitative investigation into the pregnancy experiences and childbirth expectations of Australian fathers-to-be. Sexual reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives, 3(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2011.11.001
  • Ghaffari, S. F., Sharif Nia, H., Elyasi, F., Shahhosseini, Z., Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar, Z. (2021). Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers' fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 21(1), 222. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03696-7
  • Ghaffari, S. F., Elyasi, F., Mousavinasab, S. N., Shahhosseini, Z. (2022). The effect of midwifery-led counseling on expectant fathers' fear of childbirth: a smartphone-based randomized controlled trial. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 22(1), 285. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04638-7
  • Hildingsson, I., Johansson, M., Fenwick, J., Haines, H., Rubertsson, C. (2014). Childbirth fear in expectant fathers: findings from a regional Swedish cohort study. Midwifery, 30(2), 242–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.01.001
  • Johansson, M., Wells, M. B., Thies-Lagergren, L. (2021). A dreaded delight: A longitudinal qualitative interview study of paternal childbirth fear during the transition to fatherhood. European journal of midwifery, 5, 52. https://doi.org/10.18332/ejm/142783
  • Jomeen, J. (2017). Fathers in the birth room: choice or coercion? Help or hindrance?. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 35(4), 321–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2017.1361124
  • Masoumi, M., Elyasi, F. (2021). Tokophobia in fathers: A narrative review. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 15(1), e104511.
  • Mohammadpour, M., Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi, S., Malakouti, J., Mohammadi, M. N., Mirghafourvand, M. (2021). The effect of counseling on fathers' stress and anxiety during pregnancy: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC psychiatry, 21(1), 208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03217-y
  • Mohammadpour, M., Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi, S., Malakouti, J., Nadar Mohammadi, M., Mirghafourvand, M. (2022). Effect of counselling with men on perceived stress and social support of their pregnant wives. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 40(2), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2020.1792428
  • Moran, E., Bradshaw, C., Tuohy, T., Noonan, M. (2021). The Paternal Experience of Fear of Childbirth: An Integrative Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(3), 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031231
  • Nilsson, C., Hessman, E., Sjöblom, H., Dencker, A., Jangsten, E., Mollberg, M., Patel, H., Sparud-Lundin, C., Wigert, H., Begley, C. (2018). Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 18(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7
  • Onchonga, D. (2021). Prenatal fear of childbirth among pregnant women and their spouses in Kenya. Sexual reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives, 27, 100593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100593
  • Palioura, Z., Sarantaki, A., Antoniou, E., Iliadou, M., Dagla, M. (2023). Fathers' Educational Needs Assessment in Relation to Their Participation in Perinatal Care: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2), 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020200
  • Philpott, L. F., Leahy-Warren, P., FitzGerald, S., Savage, E. (2017). Stress in fathers https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.09.016
  • Salehi F., Pourasghar M., Khalilian A., Shahhosseini Z. (2016). Comparison of group cognitive behavioral therapy and interactive lectures in reducing anxiety during pregnancy: A quasi experimental trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(43):e5224. PMID: 27787386
  • Elmir, R., Schmied, V. (2022). A qualitative study of the impact of adverse birth experiences on fathers. Women Birth. ;35(1) 41-28. PMID: 33495131
  • Serçekuş, P., Vardar, O., Göral Türkçü, S., Özkan, S. (2020). Why are first time expectant fathers afraid of birth? : A qualitative study. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 254, 231–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.032
  • Serçekuş, P., Vardar, O., Özkan, S. (2020). Fear of childbirth among pregnant women and their partners in Turkey. Sexual reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives, 24, 100501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100501
  • Shorey, S., Ang, L., Tam, W. W. S. (2019). Informational interventions on paternal outcomes during the perinatal period: A systematic review. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 32(2), e145–e158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.06.008
  • Sousa, B. Almeida, C. Santos, J. Lago, E. Oliveira, J.; Cruz, T. … Camargo, E. (2021). Meanings Assigned by Primary Care Professionals to Male Prenatal Care: A Qualitative Study. Open Nurs. J, 15, 351–357. doi: 10.2174/1874434602115010351
  • Striebich, S., Mattern, E., Ayerle, G. M. (2018). Support for pregnant women identified with fear of childbirth (FOC)/tokophobia - A systematic review of approaches and interventions. Midwifery, 61, 97–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.02.013
  • Thorstensson, S., Ekström-Bergström, A., Bäckström, C. (2020). Effects of the "Inspirational Lecture" in Combination With "Ordinary Antenatal Parental Classes" as Professional Support for Expectant Parents: A Pilot Study as a Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in public health, 8, 285. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00285
  • Toohill, J., Callander, E., Gamble, J., Creedy, D. K., Fenwick, J. (2017). A cost effectiveness analysis of midwife psycho-education for fearful pregnant women - a health system perspective for the antenatal period. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 17(1), 217. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1404-7
  • Vaajala, M., Liukkonen, R., Ponkilainen, V., Mattila, V. M., Kekki, M., Kuitunen, I. (2023). Birth rate among women with fear of childbirth: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Finland. Annals of epidemiology, 79, 44–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.01.011
  • Veringa, I. K., de Bruin, E. I., Bardacke, N., Duncan, L. G., van Steensel, F. J., Dirksen, C. D., Bögels, S. M. (2016). 'I've Changed My Mind', Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) for pregnant women with a high level of fear of childbirth and their partners: study protocol of the quasi-experimental controlled trial. BMC psychiatry, 16(1), 377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1070-8
  • Yaylaoğlu, Ö., ve Zengin, N. (2023). Gebelerde Doğum Korkusu ve Spiritüel İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci, 8(1), 57-64.

Paternal Doğum Korkusu ve Hemşirenin Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 405 - 410, 22.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.53490/egehemsire.1330417

Öz

Paternal doğum korkusu ve hemşirenin rolü
Öz
Doğum korkusu diğer adıyla tokofobi kadınların yanı sıra erkeklerde de görülen ve göz ardı edilen farklı duygusal tepkileri tetikleyen bir durumdur. Şiddetli yaşanan doğum korkusu, hem fiziksel hem de duygusal olarak zayıflatıcı olabilir ve patolojik durumlara yol açabilir. Doğum korkusu bazı kaynaklarda psikolojik bir bozukluk olarak da tanımlanmaktadır. Bu durum kadın sağlığını etkileyen yaygın bir obstetrik sorun olmasının yanı sıra babaların da bu korkuyu yaşadığı bilinmektedir. Annelerin yaşadığı doğum korkusu, nedenleri, etkileri ve önleme müdahalelerine yönelik literatürde birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Kanıtlar; kadınların partnerlerinin gebelik sürecine dahil olmasını, çocuklarının doğumunda hazır bulunmasını ve çocuklarının yetiştirilmesine katkı sağlaması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Pek çok erkeğin de bu tür bir katılımı arzuladığı görülmüştür, ancak erkeklerin çoğuna ebeveynlik konusunda çok az yardım sunulduğu veya hiç yardım sunulmadığı açıktır. Hemşireler tarafından verilecek olan doğuma hazırlık eğitimleri ve danışmanlık hizmetleri baba adaylarının daha olumlu bir doğum deneyimi yaşamalarına yardımcı olabilir. Hemşireler tarafından sağlanacak erken farkındalık ve müdahalenin yanı sıra hem babaların hem de annelerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak şekilde tasarlanmış doğum öncesi eğitim, perinatal kaygı ve depresyonun ebeveynlik davranışları ve ebeveynler arasındaki tutumlar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini sınırlayabilir ve ebeveyn başa çıkma becerilerini artırabilir. Bu nedenle bu derlemede amaç güncel literatür ışığında babalarda doğum korkusunu tanımlamak ve doğum korkusu yaşayan babalara yönelik danışmanlık hizmetleri hakkında bilgi vermektir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Doğum; babalık; danışmanlık; hemşirelik
Destekleyen herhangi bir kurum yoktur.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

  • Bastos, M. H., Furuta, M., Small, R., McKenzie-McHarg, K., Bick, D. (2015). Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (4), CD007194. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007194.pub2
  • Bergström, M., Rudman, A., Waldenström, U., Kieler, H. (2013). Fear of childbirth in expectant fathers, subsequent childbirth experience and impact of antenatal education: subanalysis of results from a randomized controlled trial. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 92(8), 967–973. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12147
  • Bhatia, M. S., Jhanjee, A. (2012). Tokophobia: A dread of pregnancy. Industrial psychiatry journal, 21(2), 158–159. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.119649
  • Bilge, Ç., Dönmez, S., Olgaç, Z., ve Pirinççi, F. (2022). Gebelikte Doğum Korkusu ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Değer, 12(2), 330-335.
  • Çiftçi, A., Karakuş Ö, Kumral A, Zararsız, A, Bay, F. (2022). Türkiye’de Doğum Korkusu ile Başetmde Yöntemleri Konusunda Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezler Üzerine Sistematik İnceleme, KTO Karatay Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 43-57.
  • Dagla, C., Antoniou, E., Sarantaki, A., Iliadou, M., Mrvoljak-Theodoropoulou, I., Andersson, E., Dagla, M. (2023). The Effect of Antenatal Education on Expectant Fathers' Attitudes toward Breastfeeding and Attachment to the Fetus. Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy), 13(1), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep13010023
  • Daniels, E., Arden-Close, E., Mayers, A. (2020). Be quiet and man up: a qualitative questionnaire study into fathers who witnessed their Partner's birth trauma. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 20(1), 236. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-02902-2
  • Demšar, K., Svetina, M., Verdenik, I., Tul, N., Blickstein, I., Globevnik Velikonja, V. (2018). Tokophobia (fear of childbirth): prevalence and risk factors. Journal of perinatal medicine, 46(2), 151–154. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2016-0282
  • Dencker, A., Nilsson, C., Begley, C., Jangsten, E., Mollberg, M., Patel, H., Wigert, H., Hessman, E., Sjöblom, H., Sparud-Lundin, C. (2019). Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: A systematic review. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 32(2), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.07.004
  • Elmir, R., Schmied, V. (2022). A qualitative study of the impact of adverse birth experiences on fathers. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 35(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2021.01.005
  • Fairbrother, N., Collardeau, F., Albert, A., Stoll, K. (2022). Screening for Perinatal Anxiety Using the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire: A New Measure of Fear of Childbirth. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(4), 2223. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042223
  • Fenwick, J., Bayes, S., Johansson, M. (2012). A qualitative investigation into the pregnancy experiences and childbirth expectations of Australian fathers-to-be. Sexual reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives, 3(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2011.11.001
  • Ghaffari, S. F., Sharif Nia, H., Elyasi, F., Shahhosseini, Z., Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar, Z. (2021). Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers' fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 21(1), 222. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03696-7
  • Ghaffari, S. F., Elyasi, F., Mousavinasab, S. N., Shahhosseini, Z. (2022). The effect of midwifery-led counseling on expectant fathers' fear of childbirth: a smartphone-based randomized controlled trial. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 22(1), 285. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04638-7
  • Hildingsson, I., Johansson, M., Fenwick, J., Haines, H., Rubertsson, C. (2014). Childbirth fear in expectant fathers: findings from a regional Swedish cohort study. Midwifery, 30(2), 242–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.01.001
  • Johansson, M., Wells, M. B., Thies-Lagergren, L. (2021). A dreaded delight: A longitudinal qualitative interview study of paternal childbirth fear during the transition to fatherhood. European journal of midwifery, 5, 52. https://doi.org/10.18332/ejm/142783
  • Jomeen, J. (2017). Fathers in the birth room: choice or coercion? Help or hindrance?. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 35(4), 321–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2017.1361124
  • Masoumi, M., Elyasi, F. (2021). Tokophobia in fathers: A narrative review. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 15(1), e104511.
  • Mohammadpour, M., Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi, S., Malakouti, J., Mohammadi, M. N., Mirghafourvand, M. (2021). The effect of counseling on fathers' stress and anxiety during pregnancy: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC psychiatry, 21(1), 208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03217-y
  • Mohammadpour, M., Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi, S., Malakouti, J., Nadar Mohammadi, M., Mirghafourvand, M. (2022). Effect of counselling with men on perceived stress and social support of their pregnant wives. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 40(2), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2020.1792428
  • Moran, E., Bradshaw, C., Tuohy, T., Noonan, M. (2021). The Paternal Experience of Fear of Childbirth: An Integrative Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(3), 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031231
  • Nilsson, C., Hessman, E., Sjöblom, H., Dencker, A., Jangsten, E., Mollberg, M., Patel, H., Sparud-Lundin, C., Wigert, H., Begley, C. (2018). Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 18(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7
  • Onchonga, D. (2021). Prenatal fear of childbirth among pregnant women and their spouses in Kenya. Sexual reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives, 27, 100593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100593
  • Palioura, Z., Sarantaki, A., Antoniou, E., Iliadou, M., Dagla, M. (2023). Fathers' Educational Needs Assessment in Relation to Their Participation in Perinatal Care: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2), 200. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020200
  • Philpott, L. F., Leahy-Warren, P., FitzGerald, S., Savage, E. (2017). Stress in fathers https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.09.016
  • Salehi F., Pourasghar M., Khalilian A., Shahhosseini Z. (2016). Comparison of group cognitive behavioral therapy and interactive lectures in reducing anxiety during pregnancy: A quasi experimental trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 95(43):e5224. PMID: 27787386
  • Elmir, R., Schmied, V. (2022). A qualitative study of the impact of adverse birth experiences on fathers. Women Birth. ;35(1) 41-28. PMID: 33495131
  • Serçekuş, P., Vardar, O., Göral Türkçü, S., Özkan, S. (2020). Why are first time expectant fathers afraid of birth? : A qualitative study. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 254, 231–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.032
  • Serçekuş, P., Vardar, O., Özkan, S. (2020). Fear of childbirth among pregnant women and their partners in Turkey. Sexual reproductive healthcare : official journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives, 24, 100501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100501
  • Shorey, S., Ang, L., Tam, W. W. S. (2019). Informational interventions on paternal outcomes during the perinatal period: A systematic review. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 32(2), e145–e158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.06.008
  • Sousa, B. Almeida, C. Santos, J. Lago, E. Oliveira, J.; Cruz, T. … Camargo, E. (2021). Meanings Assigned by Primary Care Professionals to Male Prenatal Care: A Qualitative Study. Open Nurs. J, 15, 351–357. doi: 10.2174/1874434602115010351
  • Striebich, S., Mattern, E., Ayerle, G. M. (2018). Support for pregnant women identified with fear of childbirth (FOC)/tokophobia - A systematic review of approaches and interventions. Midwifery, 61, 97–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.02.013
  • Thorstensson, S., Ekström-Bergström, A., Bäckström, C. (2020). Effects of the "Inspirational Lecture" in Combination With "Ordinary Antenatal Parental Classes" as Professional Support for Expectant Parents: A Pilot Study as a Randomized Controlled Trial. Frontiers in public health, 8, 285. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00285
  • Toohill, J., Callander, E., Gamble, J., Creedy, D. K., Fenwick, J. (2017). A cost effectiveness analysis of midwife psycho-education for fearful pregnant women - a health system perspective for the antenatal period. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 17(1), 217. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1404-7
  • Vaajala, M., Liukkonen, R., Ponkilainen, V., Mattila, V. M., Kekki, M., Kuitunen, I. (2023). Birth rate among women with fear of childbirth: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Finland. Annals of epidemiology, 79, 44–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.01.011
  • Veringa, I. K., de Bruin, E. I., Bardacke, N., Duncan, L. G., van Steensel, F. J., Dirksen, C. D., Bögels, S. M. (2016). 'I've Changed My Mind', Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) for pregnant women with a high level of fear of childbirth and their partners: study protocol of the quasi-experimental controlled trial. BMC psychiatry, 16(1), 377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1070-8
  • Yaylaoğlu, Ö., ve Zengin, N. (2023). Gebelerde Doğum Korkusu ve Spiritüel İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci, 8(1), 57-64.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Nazan Akbulut 0000-0001-5162-7442

Duygu Güleç Şatır 0000-0002-0226-3985

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Temmuz 2023
Kabul Tarihi 3 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Akbulut, N., & Güleç Şatır, D. (2025). Paternal Doğum Korkusu ve Hemşirenin Rolü. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(2), 405-410. https://doi.org/10.53490/egehemsire.1330417