Sonophotodynamic therapy-a new method in the treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: An in vitro study

Öz

OBJECTİVE: In this study, we aimed to examine of antileishmanial effect of curcumin-mediated sonodynamic (SDT), photodynamic (PDT), and sonophotodynamic (SPDT) therapies with a potential mechanism against the Leishmania tropica (L.tropica) promastigotes. SPDT is a new treatment modality for Leishmaniasis that combines photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies. Curcumin is a natural antiinflammatory agent that has been used for treating medical conditions for many years. Curcumin was used in this study both as a sonosensitizer and photosensitizer to compare the effect of PDT, SDT, SPDT on L.tropica promastigotes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cells were incubated with different concentrations (0.25, 1,4,16 and 64μM) of curcumin for 1 hour, were exposed to 3 W/cm2 intensity ultrasound for 1MHz frequency and/or subjected to 1,32 J/cm2 light irradiation for 30 minutes. Also, parasite cells were exposed for SPDT with ultrasound and light only and both in the presence or absence of curcumin. XTT was used to evaluate cell viability and giemsa staining was used to determine morphological changes. RESULTS: With the combination of curcumin and ultrasound, curcumin and light, curcumin mediated ultrasound and light,L.tropica promastigote viability was found to be decreased compared to the control, ultrasound-control and light-control group. The greatest reduction was found in the SPDT group. Giemsa staining findings showed that curcumin-mediated SDT, PDT and SPDT induced several morphological alterations in L.tropica promastigotes atypical. These results showed that SPDT is more effective than other therapies on L.tropica promastigotes CONCLUSIONS: Curcumin-mediated SPDT may provide a promising approach for L.tropica promastigotes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leishmania tropica
• Curcumin
• Sonodynamic Therapy
• Photodynamic Therapy
• Sono-Photodynamic therapy.

Sonofotodinamik terapi - Kutanöz Leishmaniasis tedavisinde yeni bir yöntem: Bir in vitro çalışma

Öz

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada, kurkumin aracılı sonodinamik (SDT), fotodinamik (FDT) ve sonofotodinamik (SFDT) tedavilerin Leishmania tropica (L.tropica) promastigotlarına karşı olası bir mekanizma ile antileishmanial etkinliğini araştırmayı amaçladık. SFDT, sonodinamik ve fotodinamik tedavileri birleştiren Leishmaniasis tedavisine yeni bir yaklaşımdır. Curcumin, uzun yıllardır tıbbi durumlarda da kullanılan doğal bir anti-inflamatuar ajandır. Curcumin, bu çalışmada PDT, SDT, SPDT'nin L.tropica promastigotları üzerindeki etkisini karşılaştırmak için hem sonosensitizer hem de fotosensitizör olarak kullanılmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Hücreler, farklı konsantrasyonlarda (0.25, 1,4,16 ve 64μM) curcumin ile bir saat süreyle inkübe edildi, 1 MHz frekansında 3 W/cm2 yoğunluklu ultrasona ve/veya 30 dakika süreyle 1.32 J/cm2 ışık ışımasına maruz bırakıldı. Aynı zamanda parazit hücreleri sadece ultrason ve ışık ile ve her ikisi de kurkumin varlığında veya yokluğunda SFDT için maruz bırakıldı. Hücre canlılığını değerlendirmek için XTT ve morfolojik değişiklikleri belirlemek için giemsa boyaması kullanıldı. BULGULAR: Kurkumin ve ultrason, kurkumin ve ışık, kurkumin aracılı ultrason ve ışık kombinasyonu ile L.tropica promastigot canlılığının kontrol, ultrason-kontrol ve ışık kontrol grubuna göre azaldığı bulundu. En büyük azalmanın SPDT grubunda olduğu tespit edildi. Giemsa boyama bulguları, kurkumin aracılı SDT, PDT ve SPDT'nin L.tropica promastigotlarında atipik çeşitli morfolojik değişikliklere neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar ile SPDT'nin L.tropica promastigotları üzerinde diğer tedavilerden daha etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. SONUÇ: Curcumin aracılı SPDT, L.tropica promastigotları için umut verici bir yaklaşım sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leishmania tropica
• Kurkumin
• Sonodinamik Tedavi
• Fotodinamik Tedavi
• Sono-Fotodinamik tedavi

Kaynakça

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