Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis: Two Factors Affecting Hip Fracture Mortality in the Elderly

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 9 - 18, 24.04.2025

Mehmet Baran Uslu , Ozan Altun , Yılmaz Ergişi , Yüksel Uğur Yaradılmış , Yusuf Polat , Uygar Daşar

https://doi.org/10.33713/egetbd.1601612

Öz

OBJECTIVE: Sarcopenia and osteoporosis the leading causes of hip fractures in elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sarcopenia related to psoas muscle index and osteoporosis obtained by T score on mortality in hip fracture patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined 236 patients after a hip fracture. The patients were sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic according to the psoas muscular index; According to the femoral neck T score in Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, patients were grouped as low (<-2.5) and high (≥-2.5) and compared. Statistically significant variables associated with 30 days and one-year mortality were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: Eighty-four (35.6%) patients were in the sarcopenia group, and 152 (64.4%) were in the non-sarcopenia group. Ninety-two (38.9%) patients were in the low group, and 152 (61.1%) were in the high group. In the sarcopenia and the low T score groups, the frequency of females, ≥65 years, comorbid disease, intensive care unit requirement, and complications rates were significantly higher. The survival rate was significantly lower (p<0.05). Female gender [odss ratio (OR): 2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-7.54], sarcopenia (OR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.68-7.91), low T score (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.23-5.62), intensive care unit requirement (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.09-4.92) and presence of postoperative complications (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.32-6.36) are significant risk factors for 1-month mortality; female gender (OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.06-3.94) and presence of sarcopenia (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.22-4.09) are risk factors for 1-year mortality (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Detection of sarcopenia and osteoporosis in elderly patients at the early stage and correction of modifiable factors are of great importance in improving postoperative outcomes and reducing mortality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hip fractures , sarcopenia , osteoporosis , postoperative outcomes , mortality

Etik Beyan

The study protocol was approved by the Karatekin Univercity Ethical Committee (date: 06.11.2023, no: 9).

Destekleyen Kurum

The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the radiologist Nimet Akın for her help in evaluating the radiological images.

Sarkopeni ve Osteoporoz: Yaşlılarda Kalça Kırığı Mortalitesini Etkileyen İki Faktör

Öz

AMAÇ: Sarkopeni ve osteoporoz yaşlı hastalarda kalça kırıklarının önde gelen nedenleri arasındadır. Bu çalışmada kalça kırığı hastalarında, psoas kas indeksine bağlı sarkopeni ve T skoru ile elde edilen osteoporozun mortalite üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Bu retrospektif kesitsel çalışmada kalça kırığı sonrası 236 hasta incelendi. Hastalar psoas kas indeksine göre sarkopenik olan ve sarkopenik olmayan şeklinde; Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry femur boynu T skoruna göre düşük (<-2,5) veya yüksek (≥-2,5) T skoru olarak gruplandırıldı ve karşılaştırıldı. Otuz günlük ve bir yıllık mortalite ile ilişkili istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değişkenler belirlendi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılarak analiz edildi.
BULGULAR: Sarkopeni grubunda 84 (%35,6), sarkopeni olmayan grupta 152 (%64,4) hasta vardı. T skoru düşük grupta 92 (%38,9), yüksek grupta 152 (%61,1) hasta mevcuttu. Sarkopeni ve düşük T skor gruplarında ≥65 yaş, kadın cinsiyet, ek hastalık varlığı, cerrahi sonrası yoğun bakım ünitesi takibi ihtiyacı ve cerrahi sonrası cerrahi komplikasyon oranları anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Hem sarkopeni hem de T skoru düşük grupta sağkalım oranı anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p<0,05). Kadın cinsiyet [olasılık oranı (OO): 2,97, %95 güven aralığı (GA): 1,17-7,54), sarkopeni (OO: 3,65, %95 GA: 1,68-7,91], düşük T skoru (OR: 2,62, %95 GA: 1,23-5,62) ve cerrahi sonrası komplikasyon varlığı (OO: 2,89, %95 GA: 1,32-6,36) 30 günlük mortalite için bağımsız risk faktörleriyken; 1 yıllık mortalitede sadece kadın cinsiyet (OO: 2,04, %95 GA: 1,06-3,94) ve sarkopeni varlığı (OO: 2,24, %95 GA: 1,22-4,09) bağımsız risk faktörleri (p<0,05) olarak gözlendi.

SONUÇ: İleri yaş hastalarda sarkopeni ve osteoporozun en erken dönemde saptanması ve değiştirilebilir faktörlerin düzeltilmesinin cerrahi sonrası sonuçların iyileştirilmesi ve mortalitenin azaltılmasında büyük önem taşmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kalça kırığı , sarkopeni , osteoporoz , psoas kas indeks , mortalite

Etik Beyan

Çalışma protokolü Karatekin Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylandı (tarih: 06.11.2023, sayı: 9).

Kaynakça

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