Anaplastik Tiroid Karsinomu ve Papiller Tiroid Karsinomu Arasındaki Gen İfade Farklılıkları Biyobelirteç Olarak Kullanılabilir mi?

Öz

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı, anaplastik tiroid karsinomu (ATC) ve papiller tiroid karsinomu (PTC) arasındaki gen ekspresyon farklılıklarını karşılaştırarak, her iki tümör tipine özgü moleküler profilleri ve ilişkili biyolojik yolakları ortaya koymaktır.

GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: GEO veri tabanından elde edilen GSE33630 mikrodizin veri seti kullanılarak 11 ATC, 49 PTC ve 45 normal tiroid dokusunun gen ekspresyon profilleri analiz edilmiştir. Diferansiyel gen ekspresyonu GEO2R ve limma tabanlı analizler ile belirlenmiş; volcano plot ve UMAP analizleri ile görselleştirilmiştir. Anlamlı genler DAVID ve KEGG yolak analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur (p<0,001).

BULGULAR: ATC örneklerinde hücre döngüsü, proliferasyon, invazyon ve diferansiyasyon kaybı ile ilişkili genlerin belirgin şekilde zenginleştiği; PTC örneklerinde ise diferansiye tiroid fonksiyonları ve erken tümörleşme ile ilişkili yolakların ön planda olduğu saptanmıştır. UMAP analizi, ATC, PTC ve normal dokular arasında belirgin transkriptomik ayrışmayı göstermiştir. ATC’de geniş çaplı gen ekspresyon düzensizlikleri gözlenirken, PTC daha sınırlı değişiklikler sergilemiştir. ATC’ye özgü olarak artmış bazı genlerin potansiyel biyobelirteç adayları olabileceği değerlendirilmiştir

SONUÇ: ATC ve PTC arasında belirgin moleküler ve biyolojik farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. ATC’nin agresif fenotipi, yaygın gen ekspresyon değişiklikleri ile ilişkilidir. Elde edilen bulgular, tiroid kanserlerinde tanısal ve prognostik biyobelirteçlerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anaplastik tiroid karsinomu
• papiller tiroid karsinomu
• gen ekspresyonu
• DNA mikrodizi
• biyoinformatik analiz

Can Gene Expression Differences Between Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC) and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) be used as Biomarkers?

Öz

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare gene expression differences between anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in order to identify tumor-specific molecular profiles and associated biological pathways.

MATERIALS and METHODS: Gene expression profiles of 11 ATC, 49 PTC, and 45 normal thyroid tissue samples were analyzed using the GSE33630 microarray dataset obtained from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes were identified using GEO2R and limma-based analyses and visualized by volcano plot and UMAP analyses. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment were performed using DAVID and KEGG tools (p<0.001).

RESULTS: ATC samples showed significant e nrichment of g enes associated w ith cell cycle regulation, proliferation, invasion, a nd l oss of differentiation, whereas PTC samples were mainly associated with differentiated thyroid functions and early tumorigenesis-related pathways. UMAP analysis revealed a clear transcriptomic separation among ATC, PTC, and normal thyroid tissues. ATC exhibited extensive gene expression dysregulation, while PTC displayed more limited molecular alterations. Several genes uniquely upregulated in ATC were identified as potential biomarker candidates.

CONCLUSION: ATC and PTC exhibit distinct molecular and biological characteristics. The aggressive phenotype of ATC is associated with widespread transcriptional alterations. These findings may contribute t o t he development of diagnostic a nd prognostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutic strategies in thyroid cancer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
• papillary thyroid carcinoma
• gene expression
• DNA microarray
• bioinformatics analysis

Kaynakça

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