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Historiography and National Identity in Uzbekistan

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 277 - 301, 20.12.2019

Öz

This article is about the effort of Uzbekistan
in forming an understanding of history and national ideology after the
independence. The Karimov era can be categorized as the foundational period of
independent Uzbekistan, when the national ideology was shaped through
legitimization in history, and it also continues on this very foundation. In
order to comprehend Uzbekistan’s social mentality and reflexes, the national
identity established during the Karimov era with the support of history needs
to be understood. One of the most significant subjects of Uzbekistan’s approach
in history is the territorial understanding of history. Here, it is stated that
one of reasons of the continuity of this understanding from the Soviet period
is related with the problems Uzbekistan has faced in its foundation years.
Thus, in this study the problems faced by Uzbekistan in its foundation years
and solutions will be summarized, as they were represented by Islam Karimov
himself in his sort of state nationalism and with references to history. For
the purpose of illustrating the effect of the chosen territorial understanding
of history onto the historiography in Uzbekistan, it will be exemplified, how
the migration of historical Uzbeks to recent Uzbekistan, and the rule of Amir
Timur – before the migration of Uzbeks – are being retold in recent Uzbekistan.
Because the territorial historiography accepts everything from the dawn of
history to contemporary times within the boundaries of Uzbekistan as part of
its history, the main practice today is for example evaluating the culture of
Uzbekistan as an amalgamation of Persian and Turkic cultures and the era of Amir
Timur and Timurids as the golden age but not referring to the migration of
historical Uzbeks and their part within historiography. It can be expected that
this acceptance will continue in the future. 

Kaynakça

  • Abashin, Sergei. “The Transformation of Ethnic Identity in Central Asia: A Case Study of the Uzbeks and Tajiks.” Russian Regional Perspectives Journal 1. 2 (2003): 32-35.
  • Akbarzadeh, Sh. “A Note on Shifting Identities in the Ferghana Valley.” Central Asian Survey 16 (1997): 65-68.
  • Akhmetov, E. Republic of Uzbekistan: Reference Book. Taşkent: Ozbekiston NMİU, 2006.
  • Alimova, D., Z. Arifkhanova ve Sh. Kamoliddin. “Kakim ne doljen bıt etniçeskii atlas Uzbekistana.” O’zbekiston tarihi 4 (2004): 72–85.
  • Allworth, Edward. The Modern Uzbeks: From the Fourteenth Century to the Present: A Cultural History. Stanford: Hoover Institution, 1990.
  • Atkin, Muriel. “Tajiks and the Persian World.” Central Asia in Historical Perspective. Ed. Beatrice F. Manz. Oxford: Westview, 1994. 127-143.
  • Balım, Çiğdem ve Yunus Emre Gürbüz. “O’zbekiston Respublikasi: ‘Özbek Modeli.” (der.) Ayşegül Aydıngün ve Çiğdem Balım. Bağımsızlıklarının Yirminci Yılında Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri: Türk Dilli Halklar - Türkiye ile İlişkiler. 1. Cilt. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi, 2012. 221-311.
  • Bauman, Zigmunt. Retrotopia. Cambridge: Polity, 2017.
  • Bennigsen, Alexandre ve Marie Broxup. The Islamic Threat to the Soviet State. London: Croom Helm, 1983.
  • Coldoşov, Altınbek. “Kabilecilik, Bölgecilik ve Etnisite Kırgız Kimliği Üzerine Çalışmalar.” OAKA 8, 15 (2013): 101-133.
  • Collins, Kathleen. Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2009.
  • Critchlow, James. Nationalism in Uzbekistan: A Soviet Republic's Road to Sovereignty. San Francisco: Westview, 1991.
  • Elias, N. A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia Being the Tarikh-i Rashidi of Mirza Muhammed Haidar Dughlat. London: Curzon, 1972.
  • Finke, Peter. “On A. Ilkhamov’s ‘Archeology of Uzbek Identity’.” Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 44, 4 (Spring 2006): 75–79.
  • Golden, Peter. “I will give the People unto thee: The Chinggisid Conquest and Their Aftermath in the Turkic World.” JRASS Series 3,10, 1 (2000): 21-41.
  • Gullette, David. “The Problems of the “Clan” Politics Model of Central Asian Statehood: A Call for Alternative Pathways for Research.” Stable Outside, Fragile Inside?: Post-Soviet State in Central Asia. ed. Emilian Kavalski. Burlington: Ashgate, 2010. 53-69.
  • Gürbüz, Yunus Emre. “One Migration Two Different Historiographies: The Migration of the Uzbeks and Kazakhs in the 15th Century.” Turkish Studies 8, 5 (Bahar 2013): 321-329.
  • Hirsch, Francine. “Toward an Empire of Nations. Border-Making and the Formation of Soviet National Identities.” The Russian Review 59, 2 (2000): 201-226.
  • Ilkhamov, Alisher (der.). Etniçeski Atlas Uzbekistana. Taşkent: İnstitut “Otkrıtoe Obşestvo”, 2002.
  • Ilkhamov, Alisher. “The National and the Ethnic as Construct and/or Phenomena of Civil Society: A Prepons to Opponents.” Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 44, 4 (Spring 2006): 92–102.
  • Ilkhamov, Alisher. “Archaeology of Uzbek Identity.” Central Asian Survey 23, 3-4 (December 2004): 289-326.
  • Ilkhamov, Alisher. “Archeology of Uzbek Identity.” Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 44, 4 (Spring 2006): 10-36.
  • Jacquesson, Svetlana. “From Clan Narratives to Clan Politics.” Central Asian Survey 31, 03 (2012): 277-292.
  • Kamoliddin, Sh. “The Notion of Ethnogenesis in The Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan.” Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 44, 4 (Spring 2006): 42-46.
  • Kara, Abdulvahap. Türkistan Ateşi: Mustafa Çokay’ın Hayatı ve Mücadelesi. İstanbul: Da, 2002.
  • Karasar, Hasan Ali. “Chicherin on the Delimitation of Turkestan Native Bolsheviks versus Soviet Foreign Policy. Seven Letters from the Russian Archives on Razmezhevanie.” Central Asian Survey 21, 2 (2002): 199–209.
  • Karasar, Hasan Ali. “The Partition of Khorezm and the Positions of Turkestanis on Razmezhevanie.” Europe-Asia Studies 60, 7 (September 2008): 1247-1260.
  • Kerimov, İslam. Özbekistan 21. Yüzyılın Eşiğinde. Ankara: Bilig, 1997.
  • Kumekov, B. “Problems of the Kazak Statehood.” History of Kazakhstan Essays, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakstan. Ed. M. K. Kozybaev. Almaty: Gylym, 1998.
  • Laurelle, Marlene. “The Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan in the Context of the Contemporary Institutional Situation in Post-Soviet Uzbek Ethnology.” Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 44, 4 (Spring 2006): 70–74.
  • Manz, Beatrice Forbes. “Tamerlane’s Career and Its Uses.” Journal of World History 13, 1 (Spring 2002): 1-25.
  • Manz, Beatrice Forbes. The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Boston: Cambridge University, 1999.
  • Martin, Terry. The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939. Ithaca: Cornell University, 2001.
  • Muhammadjonov, A. ve Q. Usmonov. O’zbekiston Tarixi (Milodning IV Asrıdan XVI Asr Boshlarigacha), 7-Sinif. Toshkent: Devlet İlmiy Nashriyoti, 2005.
  • Özkırımlı, Umut. Milliyetçilik Kuramları: Eleştirel Bir Bakış. Ankara: Doğu-Batı, 2008.
  • Pipes, Richard. The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 1917- 1923. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1954.
  • Saray, Mehmet. Rus İşgali Devrinde Osmanlı Devleti ile Türkistan Hanlıklari Arasındakı Siyasi Münasebetler (1775-1985). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1994.
  • Schatz, Edward. Modern Clan Politics: The Power of “Blood” in Kazakhstan and Beyond. Seattle: University of Washington, 2004.
  • Schoeberlein-Engel, John. "The Prospects for Uzbek National Identity." Central Asia Monitor 2 (1996): 12-20.
  • Smith, Jeremy. The Bolsheviks and the National Question: 1917-1923. London: Macmillan, 1999.
  • Subtelny, M. E. “ The Symbiosis of Turk and Tajik.” Central Asia in Historical Perspective. Ed. Beatrice Manz. Boulder: Westview, 1994: 45-61.
  • Togan, Isenbike. Flexibility and Limitations in Steppe Formations. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
  • Togan, Isenbike, “Second Wave of Islam and Özbek Khan: Strategies for Conflict Resolution.” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Islamic Civilization in the Volga-Ural Region. Kazan, İstanbul: IRCICA, 2004: 15-33.
  • Yakubovskiy, A. Yu. Altın Ordu ve Çöküşü. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1992.
  • İnternet KaynaklarıCIA World Factbook. “Afghanistan.” https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html. (E.T. 11.07.2019).
  • CIA World Factbook. “Uzbekistan.” https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uz.html (E.T. 24.07.2019).
  • Demoskop Weekly 1897. “Pervaya vseobşçaya perepis naseleniya Rossiskoy İmperii 1897”. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97.php. (E.T. 10.06.2019).
  • Demoskop Weekly 1926. “Vsesoyuznaya perepis haseleniya 1926 goda”. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_nac_26.php. (E.T. 10.06.2019).
  • Demoskop Weekly 1989. “Vsesoyuznaya Perepis’ Naseleniya 1989 Goda”. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php?reg=4. (E.T. 10.06.2019).
  • http://aral-progress.com/index.php/aral-sea.html. (E.T. 20.06.2019).
  • http://www.stat.kg/kg/statistics/download/dynamic/316. (E.T. 24.07.2019).
  • https://joshuaproject.net/countries/TX. (E.T. 24.07.2019).
  • International Culture Center of Uzbekistan. http://www.icc.uz/ (E.T. 02.01.2018).
  • Kamp, Marianne. “Karimov’s Economy. a Memoir from 25 Years of Periodic Observation.” Central Asian Survey, Uzbekistan Forum and Virtual Special Issue (2016). http://explore.tandfonline.com/page/pgas/cas-uzbekistan-forum. (E.T. 18.11.2016).
  • Kazakstan Respublikası Statiska Agenttigi. “2012 Jılı basına Kazakstan Resoblikası Halkınıng Jekelegen Etnostarı boyınşa Sanı.” http://www.stat.gov.kz. (E.T. 18.11.2019).
  • Renan, Ernest. “What is a Nation?” 1882. 3. https://www.humanityinaction.org/files/569-E.Renan-WhatisaNation.pdf. (E.T. 17.07.2019).
  • Renee, Ruth. Afghanistan in 2010: Survey of the Afghan People. Kabul: The Asia Foundation, 2010. http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/Afghanistanin2010survey.pdf. (E.T. 11.07.2019).
  • Şokirov, Ş.Ş. ve A.R. Asoev ve ark. Baruyhatgirii Aholiy va Fondi Manzili Cumhurii Tocikistan Dar Soli 2010: Hayati Milliy, Donistani Zabonho va Şahrvandii Aholii Cumhurii Tocikiston Cildi III. Agentii Omori Nazdi Prezidenti Cumhurii Tocikistan, 2012. 7. http://oldstat.ww.tj/ru/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355501132.pdf. (E.T. 17.07.2019).

Özbekistan’da Tarihyazımı ve Millî Kimlik

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 277 - 301, 20.12.2019

Öz

Bu çalışmada Özbekistan’ın bağımsızlık sonrasında kurmaya
giriştiği tarih anlayışı ve millî ideoloji üstünde durulacaktır. Bağımsız
Özbekistan’ın kuruluş dönemi olarak adlandırılabilecek Kerimov yılları
Özbekistan’ın meşruiyetini tarihten alan millî ideolojisinin şekillendiği
dönemdir ve bugün bu temel üstünden devam edilmektedir. Özbekistan’ın toplumsal
zihniyetinin ve reflekslerinin kavranması için Kerimov döneminde tarih
yardımıyla oluşan millî kimliğin anlaşılması gereklidir. Özbekistan’da
tarihçilik yaklaşımının en temel unsurlarından biri teritoryal (toprak) tarih
anlayışıdır. Burada SSCB döneminde başlayan bu yaklaşımın süreklilik
kazanmasında Özbekistan’ın kuruluş yıllarında karşılaştığı sorunların da etkisi
olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada Kerimov’un kendi
değerlendirmelerine dayanarak, Özbekistan’ın bağımsızlık sonrasında karşılaştığı
sorunlar ve bunlara çözüm olarak ortaya koyduğu devlet milliyetçiliği, tarih
ile bağı çerçevesinde incelenecektir. Söz konusu teritoryal tarih anlayışının
Özbekistan’daki tarihyazımına etkisini örneklemek için tarihteki Özbeklerin
günümüz Özbekistan’ına göçlerinin ve göç öncesinde bölgede hâkimiyet kuran Emir
Timur’un günümüzde nasıl ele alındığı gösterilecektir. Teritoryal tarihyazımı,
tarihin başlangıcından günümüze Özbekistan sınırları içinde yaşanmış olanları
Özbekistan tarihinin parçası kabul ettiğinden, bugün Özbekistan kültürü Türk ve
Fars kültürünün bileşimi, Emir Timur ve Timurîler devrinin altın çağ olarak benimsendiği,
16. yüzyıl başında Özbekistan’a göç eden Özbekler ve geçmişlerinin ise önemsiz
kabul edildiği bir yaklaşıma sahiptir. Bunun önümüzdeki yıllarda da bu şekilde
devam etmesi beklenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Abashin, Sergei. “The Transformation of Ethnic Identity in Central Asia: A Case Study of the Uzbeks and Tajiks.” Russian Regional Perspectives Journal 1. 2 (2003): 32-35.
  • Akbarzadeh, Sh. “A Note on Shifting Identities in the Ferghana Valley.” Central Asian Survey 16 (1997): 65-68.
  • Akhmetov, E. Republic of Uzbekistan: Reference Book. Taşkent: Ozbekiston NMİU, 2006.
  • Alimova, D., Z. Arifkhanova ve Sh. Kamoliddin. “Kakim ne doljen bıt etniçeskii atlas Uzbekistana.” O’zbekiston tarihi 4 (2004): 72–85.
  • Allworth, Edward. The Modern Uzbeks: From the Fourteenth Century to the Present: A Cultural History. Stanford: Hoover Institution, 1990.
  • Atkin, Muriel. “Tajiks and the Persian World.” Central Asia in Historical Perspective. Ed. Beatrice F. Manz. Oxford: Westview, 1994. 127-143.
  • Balım, Çiğdem ve Yunus Emre Gürbüz. “O’zbekiston Respublikasi: ‘Özbek Modeli.” (der.) Ayşegül Aydıngün ve Çiğdem Balım. Bağımsızlıklarının Yirminci Yılında Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri: Türk Dilli Halklar - Türkiye ile İlişkiler. 1. Cilt. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi, 2012. 221-311.
  • Bauman, Zigmunt. Retrotopia. Cambridge: Polity, 2017.
  • Bennigsen, Alexandre ve Marie Broxup. The Islamic Threat to the Soviet State. London: Croom Helm, 1983.
  • Coldoşov, Altınbek. “Kabilecilik, Bölgecilik ve Etnisite Kırgız Kimliği Üzerine Çalışmalar.” OAKA 8, 15 (2013): 101-133.
  • Collins, Kathleen. Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2009.
  • Critchlow, James. Nationalism in Uzbekistan: A Soviet Republic's Road to Sovereignty. San Francisco: Westview, 1991.
  • Elias, N. A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia Being the Tarikh-i Rashidi of Mirza Muhammed Haidar Dughlat. London: Curzon, 1972.
  • Finke, Peter. “On A. Ilkhamov’s ‘Archeology of Uzbek Identity’.” Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 44, 4 (Spring 2006): 75–79.
  • Golden, Peter. “I will give the People unto thee: The Chinggisid Conquest and Their Aftermath in the Turkic World.” JRASS Series 3,10, 1 (2000): 21-41.
  • Gullette, David. “The Problems of the “Clan” Politics Model of Central Asian Statehood: A Call for Alternative Pathways for Research.” Stable Outside, Fragile Inside?: Post-Soviet State in Central Asia. ed. Emilian Kavalski. Burlington: Ashgate, 2010. 53-69.
  • Gürbüz, Yunus Emre. “One Migration Two Different Historiographies: The Migration of the Uzbeks and Kazakhs in the 15th Century.” Turkish Studies 8, 5 (Bahar 2013): 321-329.
  • Hirsch, Francine. “Toward an Empire of Nations. Border-Making and the Formation of Soviet National Identities.” The Russian Review 59, 2 (2000): 201-226.
  • Ilkhamov, Alisher (der.). Etniçeski Atlas Uzbekistana. Taşkent: İnstitut “Otkrıtoe Obşestvo”, 2002.
  • Ilkhamov, Alisher. “The National and the Ethnic as Construct and/or Phenomena of Civil Society: A Prepons to Opponents.” Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 44, 4 (Spring 2006): 92–102.
  • Ilkhamov, Alisher. “Archaeology of Uzbek Identity.” Central Asian Survey 23, 3-4 (December 2004): 289-326.
  • Ilkhamov, Alisher. “Archeology of Uzbek Identity.” Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 44, 4 (Spring 2006): 10-36.
  • Jacquesson, Svetlana. “From Clan Narratives to Clan Politics.” Central Asian Survey 31, 03 (2012): 277-292.
  • Kamoliddin, Sh. “The Notion of Ethnogenesis in The Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan.” Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 44, 4 (Spring 2006): 42-46.
  • Kara, Abdulvahap. Türkistan Ateşi: Mustafa Çokay’ın Hayatı ve Mücadelesi. İstanbul: Da, 2002.
  • Karasar, Hasan Ali. “Chicherin on the Delimitation of Turkestan Native Bolsheviks versus Soviet Foreign Policy. Seven Letters from the Russian Archives on Razmezhevanie.” Central Asian Survey 21, 2 (2002): 199–209.
  • Karasar, Hasan Ali. “The Partition of Khorezm and the Positions of Turkestanis on Razmezhevanie.” Europe-Asia Studies 60, 7 (September 2008): 1247-1260.
  • Kerimov, İslam. Özbekistan 21. Yüzyılın Eşiğinde. Ankara: Bilig, 1997.
  • Kumekov, B. “Problems of the Kazak Statehood.” History of Kazakhstan Essays, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakstan. Ed. M. K. Kozybaev. Almaty: Gylym, 1998.
  • Laurelle, Marlene. “The Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan in the Context of the Contemporary Institutional Situation in Post-Soviet Uzbek Ethnology.” Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 44, 4 (Spring 2006): 70–74.
  • Manz, Beatrice Forbes. “Tamerlane’s Career and Its Uses.” Journal of World History 13, 1 (Spring 2002): 1-25.
  • Manz, Beatrice Forbes. The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Boston: Cambridge University, 1999.
  • Martin, Terry. The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939. Ithaca: Cornell University, 2001.
  • Muhammadjonov, A. ve Q. Usmonov. O’zbekiston Tarixi (Milodning IV Asrıdan XVI Asr Boshlarigacha), 7-Sinif. Toshkent: Devlet İlmiy Nashriyoti, 2005.
  • Özkırımlı, Umut. Milliyetçilik Kuramları: Eleştirel Bir Bakış. Ankara: Doğu-Batı, 2008.
  • Pipes, Richard. The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 1917- 1923. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1954.
  • Saray, Mehmet. Rus İşgali Devrinde Osmanlı Devleti ile Türkistan Hanlıklari Arasındakı Siyasi Münasebetler (1775-1985). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1994.
  • Schatz, Edward. Modern Clan Politics: The Power of “Blood” in Kazakhstan and Beyond. Seattle: University of Washington, 2004.
  • Schoeberlein-Engel, John. "The Prospects for Uzbek National Identity." Central Asia Monitor 2 (1996): 12-20.
  • Smith, Jeremy. The Bolsheviks and the National Question: 1917-1923. London: Macmillan, 1999.
  • Subtelny, M. E. “ The Symbiosis of Turk and Tajik.” Central Asia in Historical Perspective. Ed. Beatrice Manz. Boulder: Westview, 1994: 45-61.
  • Togan, Isenbike. Flexibility and Limitations in Steppe Formations. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
  • Togan, Isenbike, “Second Wave of Islam and Özbek Khan: Strategies for Conflict Resolution.” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Islamic Civilization in the Volga-Ural Region. Kazan, İstanbul: IRCICA, 2004: 15-33.
  • Yakubovskiy, A. Yu. Altın Ordu ve Çöküşü. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1992.
  • İnternet KaynaklarıCIA World Factbook. “Afghanistan.” https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html. (E.T. 11.07.2019).
  • CIA World Factbook. “Uzbekistan.” https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uz.html (E.T. 24.07.2019).
  • Demoskop Weekly 1897. “Pervaya vseobşçaya perepis naseleniya Rossiskoy İmperii 1897”. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97.php. (E.T. 10.06.2019).
  • Demoskop Weekly 1926. “Vsesoyuznaya perepis haseleniya 1926 goda”. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_nac_26.php. (E.T. 10.06.2019).
  • Demoskop Weekly 1989. “Vsesoyuznaya Perepis’ Naseleniya 1989 Goda”. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php?reg=4. (E.T. 10.06.2019).
  • http://aral-progress.com/index.php/aral-sea.html. (E.T. 20.06.2019).
  • http://www.stat.kg/kg/statistics/download/dynamic/316. (E.T. 24.07.2019).
  • https://joshuaproject.net/countries/TX. (E.T. 24.07.2019).
  • International Culture Center of Uzbekistan. http://www.icc.uz/ (E.T. 02.01.2018).
  • Kamp, Marianne. “Karimov’s Economy. a Memoir from 25 Years of Periodic Observation.” Central Asian Survey, Uzbekistan Forum and Virtual Special Issue (2016). http://explore.tandfonline.com/page/pgas/cas-uzbekistan-forum. (E.T. 18.11.2016).
  • Kazakstan Respublikası Statiska Agenttigi. “2012 Jılı basına Kazakstan Resoblikası Halkınıng Jekelegen Etnostarı boyınşa Sanı.” http://www.stat.gov.kz. (E.T. 18.11.2019).
  • Renan, Ernest. “What is a Nation?” 1882. 3. https://www.humanityinaction.org/files/569-E.Renan-WhatisaNation.pdf. (E.T. 17.07.2019).
  • Renee, Ruth. Afghanistan in 2010: Survey of the Afghan People. Kabul: The Asia Foundation, 2010. http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/Afghanistanin2010survey.pdf. (E.T. 11.07.2019).
  • Şokirov, Ş.Ş. ve A.R. Asoev ve ark. Baruyhatgirii Aholiy va Fondi Manzili Cumhurii Tocikistan Dar Soli 2010: Hayati Milliy, Donistani Zabonho va Şahrvandii Aholii Cumhurii Tocikiston Cildi III. Agentii Omori Nazdi Prezidenti Cumhurii Tocikistan, 2012. 7. http://oldstat.ww.tj/ru/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355501132.pdf. (E.T. 17.07.2019).
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yunus Emre Gürbüz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gürbüz, Y. E. (2019). Özbekistan’da Tarihyazımı ve Millî Kimlik. Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi, 19(2), 277-301. https://doi.org/10.32449/egetdid.625377

Türk Dünyası İncelemeleri Dergisi

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