THE AMERICAN PAINTER WALTER GOULD'S TRIP TO TURKEY IN 1851: VISIT TO LAJOS KOSSUTH AND REFLECTIONS IN ART

Öz

Painter Walter Gould was one of the first American orientalist painters to live in the 19th century and to travel to Turkey in 1851. Although he remained in the country for only two months, he based his entire career on this trip. Although it is stated that Gould came to paint portraits of Hungarian nationalist Lajos Kossuth, who took refuge in the Ottoman Empire and hid in the Kütahya province, it is clear that his trip also served other purposes. This article focuses on Gould's mission in Turkey and his works, as well as the days in Kütahya where Kossuth, a Hungarian freedom fighter, came and lived with his entourage. In particular, the diaries of Kossuth's secretary, as well as the press coverage of the period, the artist's letters and reflections on his art, constituted important data sources for the article. In this study, while revealing the historical process in which the painter Walter Gould, who became famous for his works on the east, was involved, it was explained how Hungary's place of freedom and how this process shaped his art.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Walter Gould
• art
• orientalist painters
• Lajos Kossuth
• Ottomans.

Kaynakça

1. Gerald M. Ackerman, American Orientalists, Courbevoie/Paris: ACR Édition Internationale, 1994
2. Y. Altaylı, Macar Halk Şarkılarında 1848-1849 Macar İhtilâli ve Lajos Kossuth. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 57(1), 327-340.
3. Baran, E., & Topallı, E., “Oryantalist Resmin Öncülerinden Martinus Rørbye’nin Tablosu: Tophane Kılıç Ali Paşa Camii Önünde Evlilik Sözleşmesini Yazan Türk Arzuhalci”. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi, 28(2), 283-311.
4. Barratt, C. R. & Zabar, American portrait miniatures in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Yale University Press, 2010.
5. Emmanuel Bénézit, Dictionary of artists, Paris: Gründ, v. 6, 2006.
6. Alev Duran, İsmail Köse, “Lajos Kossuth ve Macar Mülteciler”, USAD, Bahar, (6): 291-314.
7. Vasvary Edmund, Lincoln's Hungarian heroes; the participation of Hungarians in the Civil War, 1861-1865, Washington, D.C. : The Hungarian Reformed Federation of America.
8. F. Hitzel, Couleurs de la corne d'or: peintres voyageurs à la sublime porte Fransa: ACR.

9. Thomas William Herringshaw, Herringshaw’s National Library of American Biography-Volume 2.
10. Nicholas B. Wainwright, Paintings and Miniatures at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. László Károlytól (1887), Naplo-töredék az 1849-iki menekülteket, internáltakat, különösen Kossuthot és környezetét illetőleg, Törokországban és az Amerikai Egyesült-Államokban. Budapest, Franklin-Társulat. Magyar Irod. Intézet és Könyvnyomda.
11. Murray, P. & L., Dictionary of Art and Artists. Penguin Books.
12. David Shavit, The Unied States in the Middle East, A Historical Dictionary Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn.
13. William Sawitzky, Catalogue Descriptive and Critical of the Paintings and Miniatures In The Historıcal Society Of Pennsylvania, 1942
14. Ödön Vasváry, Amerikai festő eddig ismeretlen képei Kossuth Lajosról és törökországi környezetéről, I, Új Magyar Út, 1953 01 01, p. 23-24.
15. Ödön Vasváry, Amerikai festő eddig ismeretlen képei Kossuth Lajosról és törökországi környezetéről, II, Új Magyar Út, 1953 03 01, p. 04-10.
16. Richard P. Wunder, Hiram Powers: Vermont sculptor, 1805-1873, University of Delaware Press; London, Volume 1.
17. Michael David Zellman, 300 Years of American Art-1. Cilt, The Wellfleet Press, Secaucus.