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TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471)

Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2 27 Aralık 2024
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TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471)

Öz

In Ottoman criminal law, intentional homicide and theft were classified under the category of "hudud" (fixed punishments), and their penalties were predetermined and unchangeable. On the other hand, ta'zir punishments may be applied in cases where the elements of the crime were not fully established to warrant hudud punishments or where the offense had no fixed penalty under the law. This study aims to examine the discretionary punishments (ta'zir) that were applied instead of the prescribed penalties (hudud and qisas) for crimes that have established rulings under the fundamental principles of Islamic criminal law as documented in the 'Katl ve Sirkat Defteri' (Murder and Theft Book). The research will explore how these punishments were implemented in practice, and under what conditions and circumstances discretionary punishments were applied for crimes with fixed penalties. The study will explore the procedures for bringing such cases to court, the investigative and decision-making stages, and whether the sentences maintained a balance between the crime and punishment. Additionally, it will seek to identify the factors that either mitigated or aggravated the severity of the imposed punishments. This article, enriched with documents from various classifications in the Ottoman archives, examines both the 1256 Penal Code and the scope of the 1267 reforms. It aims to analyze how the processes of change and adaptation in Ottoman criminal law during the Tanzimat era influenced the application of crime and punishment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Ahmet Lütfi 1304 Ahmet Lütfi Mir’at-ı Adalet, Matbaa-i Nişan Berberyan, İstanbul.
  2. Acar 1998 H. İbrahim Acar, “Diyet Açısından Kadın-Erkek Ayrımı Problemi”, Türkiye Günlüğü, no. 51, pp.145-160.
  3. Açık 2015 Turan Açık “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Bağlamında Osmanlı Hukukunda Kadının Eşkiya Olup Olamayacağına Dair Bir Tartışma: Havva Hatun Örneği”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, V.1, No.1, pp. 35-94.
  4. Akgündüz 1990 Ahmet Akgündüz, Osmanlı Kanunnâmeleri ve Hukukî Tahlilleri, V.2, FEY Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  5. Akgündüz 1986 Ahmet Akgündüz, Mukayeseli İslam ve Osmanlı Hukuku Külliyatı, Dicle Ünv. Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları, Diyarbakır.
  6. Akgündüz 2017 Ahmet Akgündüz, Said Nuri, Tanzimat Dönemi Osmanlı Ceza Hukuku Uygulaması, Rağbet Yayınları, İstanbul.
  7. Aktaş 1991 Necati Aktaş, “Ayniyat Defteri”, DİA, V.4, İstanbul, pp. 277-278.
  8. Akyıldız 1993 Ali Akyıldız, Osmanlı Merkez Teşkilatında Reform, Eren Yayıncılık, İstanbul.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Siyasi Tarih (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

27 Aralık 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

14 Ekim 2024

Kabul Tarihi

5 Aralık 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Okur Gümrükçüoğlu, S. (2024). TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471). Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 39(2), 669-696. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.1566838
AMA
1.Okur Gümrükçüoğlu S. TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471). TID. 2024;39(2):669-696. doi:10.18513/egetid.1566838
Chicago
Okur Gümrükçüoğlu, Saliha. 2024. “TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471)”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 39 (2): 669-96. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.1566838.
EndNote
Okur Gümrükçüoğlu S (01 Aralık 2024) TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471). Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 39 2 669–696.
IEEE
[1]S. Okur Gümrükçüoğlu, “TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471)”, TID, c. 39, sy 2, ss. 669–696, Ara. 2024, doi: 10.18513/egetid.1566838.
ISNAD
Okur Gümrükçüoğlu, Saliha. “TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471)”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 39/2 (01 Aralık 2024): 669-696. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.1566838.
JAMA
1.Okur Gümrükçüoğlu S. TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471). TID. 2024;39:669–696.
MLA
Okur Gümrükçüoğlu, Saliha. “TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471)”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, c. 39, sy 2, Aralık 2024, ss. 669-96, doi:10.18513/egetid.1566838.
Vancouver
1.Saliha Okur Gümrükçüoğlu. TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471). TID. 01 Aralık 2024;39(2):669-96. doi:10.18513/egetid.1566838