Araştırma Makalesi
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John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 369 - 386, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661552

Öz

Sakçagözü, located in the Nurdağı district of Gaziantep province, was excavated by John Garstang between 1908 and 1911 during two excavation seasons. Of the 11 identified layers, IX. and X. contain the Neo-Hittite palace enclosure, which was surrounded by walls and had a ‘bit hilani’ structure decorated with reliefs. The excavation records, photographs and materials held at the University of Liverpool’s Garstang Museum of Archaeology, as well as materials held at the Archaeological Museum of İstanbul were utilised for this study. Garstang’s relations with the director of the Imperial Museum Osman Hamdi Bey, and Sir Edwin Pears from the British Consulate in İstanbul at the time, will also be considered. I will also consider how Garstang obtained the excavation permit for the Sakçagözü and his subsequent interest in the Neo-Hittite reliefs found here.

Kaynakça

  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Akurgal 1968 Ekrem Akurgal, The Birth of the Greek Art: The Mediterranean and The Near East. (Translated by Wayne Dynes), Methuen: London. Alaura 2017 S. Alaura, “Little by little the obscurity is being cleared away from the earlier history of Asia Minor. Searching for the Hittites, from Sayce to Winkler”. The Discovery of an Anatolian Empire / Bir Anadolu İmparatorluğunun Keşfi. (eds.) M. Doğan-Alparslan, M. Alparslan and A. Schachner. İstanbul, Türk Eskiçağ Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayınları: pp. 13-27. Barnett and Falkner 1962 R. D. Barnett and M. Falkner, The Sculptures of Assur-Nasir-Apli II (883-859 BC) Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727 BC) Esarhaddon (681-669 BC) from the Central and South-West Palaces at Nimrud. London, The Trustees of the British Museum. Çifçi 2016 Ali Çifçi, “Sakçagözü in context: Garstang’s 1908–1911 excavations revisited”, Heritage Turkey 6: p. 24. Darga 1992 A. Muhibbe Darga, Hitit Sanatı. İstanbul, Akbank Kültür ve Sanat Hizmetleri. Freeman 2015 P. Freeman, “John Garstang ve Yakındoğu Arkeolojisi” John Garstang’s Footsteps Across Anatolia / Anadolu’da John Garstang’ın Ayak İzleri. (ed.) A. M. Greaves. İstanbul, Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi: pp. 45-60. Garstang 1908a John Garstang, “Notes on a Journey through Asia Minor” University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 1: pp. 1-12. Garstang 1908b John Garstang, “Excavations at Sakje-Geuzi, in North Syria: preliminary report for 1908” University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 1: pp. 98-117. Garstang 1910 John Garstang, The land of the Hittites. London, Constable. Garstang 1913 John Garstang, “Second Interim Report on the Excavations at Sakje-Geuzi in North Syria, 1911” University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 5: pp. 63-72. Garstang 1929 John Garstang, The Hittite Empire. London, Constable. Garstang and Gurney 1959 John Garstang and Oliver R. Gurney, The Geography of the Hittite Empire. London: British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. Garstang et. al. 1937 John Garstang, W. J. Phythian-Adams, V. Seton-Williams, “Third Report on the excavations at Sakje-Geuzi, 1908-1911” University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 24/3-4: pp. 119-140. Genç 2015 B. Genç, “Osmanlı Arşivleri’nde John Garstang ve Sakçagözü” John Garstang’s Footsteps Across Anatolia / Anadolu’da John Garstang’ın Ayak İzleri. (ed.) A. M. Greaves. İstanbul, Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi: pp. 103-114. Grayson 1996 A. Kirk Grayson, Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858-745 BC). Toronto, University of Toronto Press. Greaves and Rutland 2015 A. M. Greaves, and F. Rutland, “Garstang’ın Anadolu Yüzey Araştırması ve Hitit Ülkesi” John Garstang’s Footsteps Across Anatolia / Anadolu’da John Garstang’ın Ayak İzleri. (ed.) A. M. Greaves. İstanbul, Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi: 33-44. Güterbock 1961 Hans Gustav Güterbock, “When Was the Late Hittite Palace at Sakçagözü Built”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 162: pp. 49-50. Güterbock and Özgüç 1946 Hans Gustav Güterbock and Nimet Özgüç, Ankara Bedesteni’nde Bulunan Eti Müzesi Büyük Salonunun Kılavuzu. İstanbul, Milli Eğitim Basımevi. Holod and Ousterhout 2011 R. Holod and R. Ousterhout, Osman Hamdi Bey & The Americans. Archaeology, Diplomacy, Art / Osman Hamdi Bey & Amerikalılar. Arkeoloji, Diplomasi, Sanat. İstanbul, Pera Müzesi. Humann and Puchstein 1890 Karl Humann and Otto Puchstein, Reisen in Kleinasien und Nordsyrien. Berlin, Dietrich Reimer. King 1915 L. W. King, Bronze Reliefs from the Gates of Shalmaneser King of Assyria B.C. 860-825. London, Oxford University Press. Landsberger 1948. Benno Lansberger, Sam’al Karatepe Harabelerinin Keşfi ile ilgili Araştırmalar. Ankara, Türk Tarih Kurumu. Lipiński 2000 E. Lipiński, The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion. (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 100) Leuven, Peeters. Luckenbill 1989 Daniel D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia II. London, Histories & Mysteries of Man. Luschan 1893 Felix von Luschan, Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli. I: Einleitung und Inschriften. Berlin, W. Spemann. Orthmann, W. 1971. Untersuchungen zur späthethitischen Kunst. Bonn, Rudolf Habelt Verlag. Pears, Sir E. 1916. Forty Years in Constantinople - The Recollections of Sir Edwin Pears 1873-1915. London, Herbert Jenkins. Rutland, F. P. 2014. The Lost Gallery: John Garstang and Turkey – A Postcolonial Reading University of Liverpool, School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology. Unpublished PhD. Sader 1987 H. S. Sader, Les États Araméens de Syrie depuis leur fondation jusqu’à leur transformation en provinces Assyriennes. (Beiruter Texte und Studien 36) Wiesbaden, Franz Steiner. Sayce 1923 Archibald H. Sayce, Reminiscences. London, Macmillion. Scott-Stevenson 1881 M. Scott-Stevenson Our ride through Asia Minor. London, Chapman and Hill. SG. 2010. The photographic archive of excavations at Sakje Geuzi 1908-1911 Reference No: SG. The Garstang Museum of Archaeology, University of Liverpool: Liverpool. Ussishkin 1966 David Ussishkin. “The Date of the Neo-Hittite Enclosure at Sakçagözü”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 181: pp. 15-23. Taylor et. al. 1950 J. du Plat Taylor, M. V. Seton Williams, and J. Waechter, “The Excavations at Sakce Gözü” Iraq 12/2: pp. 53-138.

John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2, 369 - 386, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661552

Öz

Sakçagözü, located in the Nurdağı district of Gaziantep province, was excavated by John Garstang between 1908 and 1911 during two excavation seasons. Of the 11 identified layers, IX. and X. contain the Neo-Hittite palace enclosure, which was surrounded by walls and had a ‘bit hilani’ structure decorated with reliefs. The excavation records, photographs and materials held at the University of Liverpool’s Garstang Museum of Archaeology, as well as materials held at the Archaeological Museum of İstanbul were utilised for this study. Garstang’s relations with the director of the Imperial Museum Osman Hamdi Bey, and Sir Edwin Pears from the British Consulate in İstanbul at the time, will also be considered. I will also consider how Garstang obtained the excavation permit for the Sakçagözü and his subsequent interest in the Neo-Hittite reliefs found here.

Kaynakça

  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Akurgal 1968 Ekrem Akurgal, The Birth of the Greek Art: The Mediterranean and The Near East. (Translated by Wayne Dynes), Methuen: London. Alaura 2017 S. Alaura, “Little by little the obscurity is being cleared away from the earlier history of Asia Minor. Searching for the Hittites, from Sayce to Winkler”. The Discovery of an Anatolian Empire / Bir Anadolu İmparatorluğunun Keşfi. (eds.) M. Doğan-Alparslan, M. Alparslan and A. Schachner. İstanbul, Türk Eskiçağ Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayınları: pp. 13-27. Barnett and Falkner 1962 R. D. Barnett and M. Falkner, The Sculptures of Assur-Nasir-Apli II (883-859 BC) Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727 BC) Esarhaddon (681-669 BC) from the Central and South-West Palaces at Nimrud. London, The Trustees of the British Museum. Çifçi 2016 Ali Çifçi, “Sakçagözü in context: Garstang’s 1908–1911 excavations revisited”, Heritage Turkey 6: p. 24. Darga 1992 A. Muhibbe Darga, Hitit Sanatı. İstanbul, Akbank Kültür ve Sanat Hizmetleri. Freeman 2015 P. Freeman, “John Garstang ve Yakındoğu Arkeolojisi” John Garstang’s Footsteps Across Anatolia / Anadolu’da John Garstang’ın Ayak İzleri. (ed.) A. M. Greaves. İstanbul, Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi: pp. 45-60. Garstang 1908a John Garstang, “Notes on a Journey through Asia Minor” University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 1: pp. 1-12. Garstang 1908b John Garstang, “Excavations at Sakje-Geuzi, in North Syria: preliminary report for 1908” University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 1: pp. 98-117. Garstang 1910 John Garstang, The land of the Hittites. London, Constable. Garstang 1913 John Garstang, “Second Interim Report on the Excavations at Sakje-Geuzi in North Syria, 1911” University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 5: pp. 63-72. Garstang 1929 John Garstang, The Hittite Empire. London, Constable. Garstang and Gurney 1959 John Garstang and Oliver R. Gurney, The Geography of the Hittite Empire. London: British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. Garstang et. al. 1937 John Garstang, W. J. Phythian-Adams, V. Seton-Williams, “Third Report on the excavations at Sakje-Geuzi, 1908-1911” University of Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 24/3-4: pp. 119-140. Genç 2015 B. Genç, “Osmanlı Arşivleri’nde John Garstang ve Sakçagözü” John Garstang’s Footsteps Across Anatolia / Anadolu’da John Garstang’ın Ayak İzleri. (ed.) A. M. Greaves. İstanbul, Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi: pp. 103-114. Grayson 1996 A. Kirk Grayson, Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858-745 BC). Toronto, University of Toronto Press. Greaves and Rutland 2015 A. M. Greaves, and F. Rutland, “Garstang’ın Anadolu Yüzey Araştırması ve Hitit Ülkesi” John Garstang’s Footsteps Across Anatolia / Anadolu’da John Garstang’ın Ayak İzleri. (ed.) A. M. Greaves. İstanbul, Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi: 33-44. Güterbock 1961 Hans Gustav Güterbock, “When Was the Late Hittite Palace at Sakçagözü Built”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 162: pp. 49-50. Güterbock and Özgüç 1946 Hans Gustav Güterbock and Nimet Özgüç, Ankara Bedesteni’nde Bulunan Eti Müzesi Büyük Salonunun Kılavuzu. İstanbul, Milli Eğitim Basımevi. Holod and Ousterhout 2011 R. Holod and R. Ousterhout, Osman Hamdi Bey & The Americans. Archaeology, Diplomacy, Art / Osman Hamdi Bey & Amerikalılar. Arkeoloji, Diplomasi, Sanat. İstanbul, Pera Müzesi. Humann and Puchstein 1890 Karl Humann and Otto Puchstein, Reisen in Kleinasien und Nordsyrien. Berlin, Dietrich Reimer. King 1915 L. W. King, Bronze Reliefs from the Gates of Shalmaneser King of Assyria B.C. 860-825. London, Oxford University Press. Landsberger 1948. Benno Lansberger, Sam’al Karatepe Harabelerinin Keşfi ile ilgili Araştırmalar. Ankara, Türk Tarih Kurumu. Lipiński 2000 E. Lipiński, The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion. (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 100) Leuven, Peeters. Luckenbill 1989 Daniel D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia II. London, Histories & Mysteries of Man. Luschan 1893 Felix von Luschan, Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli. I: Einleitung und Inschriften. Berlin, W. Spemann. Orthmann, W. 1971. Untersuchungen zur späthethitischen Kunst. Bonn, Rudolf Habelt Verlag. Pears, Sir E. 1916. Forty Years in Constantinople - The Recollections of Sir Edwin Pears 1873-1915. London, Herbert Jenkins. Rutland, F. P. 2014. The Lost Gallery: John Garstang and Turkey – A Postcolonial Reading University of Liverpool, School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology. Unpublished PhD. Sader 1987 H. S. Sader, Les États Araméens de Syrie depuis leur fondation jusqu’à leur transformation en provinces Assyriennes. (Beiruter Texte und Studien 36) Wiesbaden, Franz Steiner. Sayce 1923 Archibald H. Sayce, Reminiscences. London, Macmillion. Scott-Stevenson 1881 M. Scott-Stevenson Our ride through Asia Minor. London, Chapman and Hill. SG. 2010. The photographic archive of excavations at Sakje Geuzi 1908-1911 Reference No: SG. The Garstang Museum of Archaeology, University of Liverpool: Liverpool. Ussishkin 1966 David Ussishkin. “The Date of the Neo-Hittite Enclosure at Sakçagözü”, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 181: pp. 15-23. Taylor et. al. 1950 J. du Plat Taylor, M. V. Seton Williams, and J. Waechter, “The Excavations at Sakce Gözü” Iraq 12/2: pp. 53-138.
Toplam 2 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm MAKALELER
Yazarlar

Ali Çifçi 0000-0002-1404-9820

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çifçi, A. (2019). John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911). Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 34(2), 369-386. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661552
AMA Çifçi A. John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911). TID. Aralık 2019;34(2):369-386. doi:10.18513/egetid.661552
Chicago Çifçi, Ali. “John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911)”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 34, sy. 2 (Aralık 2019): 369-86. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661552.
EndNote Çifçi A (01 Aralık 2019) John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911). Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 34 2 369–386.
IEEE A. Çifçi, “John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911)”, TID, c. 34, sy. 2, ss. 369–386, 2019, doi: 10.18513/egetid.661552.
ISNAD Çifçi, Ali. “John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911)”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 34/2 (Aralık 2019), 369-386. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.661552.
JAMA Çifçi A. John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911). TID. 2019;34:369–386.
MLA Çifçi, Ali. “John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911)”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, c. 34, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 369-86, doi:10.18513/egetid.661552.
Vancouver Çifçi A. John Garstang and Sakçagözü Excavations (1908-1911). TID. 2019;34(2):369-86.