Kentsel Dirençlilik Bağlamında Barınma Hakkı ve Karşılanabilir Konut

Öz

Bu çalışma, karşılanabilir konutun dirençli yerleşimlerin oluşumundaki rolünü barınma hakkı, mekânsal eşitsizlik, sosyal kırılganlık ve çevresel risk yönetimi çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Literatürde konutun yalnızca fiziksel bir barınma birimi olmadığı; toplumsal eşitlik, erişilebilirlik, ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik ve çevresel güvenlik gibi çok boyutlu unsurlarla kesiştiği geniş biçimde tartışılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma, barınma hakkının neoliberal kent politikaları karşısında kırılganlaştığını, konutun mekânsal konumunun ekonomik dayanıklılık açısından kritik bir faktör olduğunu, sosyal kırılganlığın afet risklerini belirleyici ölçüde etkilediğini ve doğa temelli çözümlerin kentsel sistemlerde çevresel uyumu güçlendirdiğini ortaya koyan literatürden yararlanmaktadır. Kentsel dirençliliği kentlerin şokları emebilme, temel işlevleri sürdürebilme, değişken koşullara uyum sağlayabilme ve yapısal zayıflıkları dönüştürebilme kapasitesi olarak kavramsallaştırmakta; konutun ise bu kapasitenin en belirleyici bileşenlerinden biri olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma, nitel doküman incelemesine dayalı tematik analiz yöntemiyle yürütülmüştür. Karşılanabilir konutun ekonomik, mekânsal ve çevresel boyutları değerlendirilmiş; konutun dayanıklılığı destekleyen veya zayıflatan yönleri sistematik biçimde sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgular, karşılanabilir konut politikalarının ulaşım, çevresel risk yönetimi, sosyal koruma ve mekânsal planlama politikalarından bağımsız tasarlandığında yeni kırılganlıklar üretebildiğini göstermektedir. Buna karşın; kapsayıcı imar, katılımcı planlama ve iklim uyumlu kentsel tasarım gibi araçlar hem barınma hakkını güçlendirmekte hem de kentlerin ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel dirençliliğine katkı sunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak karşılanabilir konut, yalnızca sosyal devletin bir politika alanı değil, dirençli yerleşimlerin inşasında temel bir stratejik bileşendir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Barınma hakkı
• karşılanabilir konut
• kentsel dirençlilik
• mekânsal eşitsizlik
• dirençli yerleşimler

Housing Right and Affordable Housing in the Context of Urban Resilience

Abstract

This study examines the role of affordable housing in forming resilient settlements, considering the right to housing, spatial inequality, social vulnerability and environmental risk management. The literature extensively discusses the fact that housing is not merely a physical shelter; rather, it intersects with various elements, including social equality, accessibility, economic sustainability, and environmental security. In this regard, the study draws on literature demonstrating that the right to housing has become fragile in the face of neoliberal urban policies, that the spatial location of housing is critical for economic resilience, that social vulnerability significantly impacts disaster risk, and that nature-based solutions enhance the environmental resilience of urban systems. Urban resilience is conceptualised as the capacity of cities to absorb shocks, maintain basic functions, adapt to changing conditions and transform structural weaknesses; it demonstrates that housing is one of the most decisive components of this capacity. The research was conducted using a thematic analysis method based on a qualitative review of documents. The economic, spatial and environmental dimensions of affordable housing were evaluated, and the aspects supporting or weakening housing resilience were systematically classified. The findings show that affordable housing policies designed independently of transport, environmental risk management, social protection and spatial planning policies can create new vulnerabilities. However, tools such as inclusive zoning, participatory planning, and climate-resilient urban design strengthen both the right to housing and the economic, social, and environmental resilience of cities. Consequently, affordable housing is not merely a policy area for the welfare state, but a fundamental strategic component in the construction of resilient settlements.

Keywords

• Right to housing
• affordable housing
• urban resilience
• spatial inequality
• resilient settlements.

Kaynakça

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