Long-term pollen monitoring experiments for the period 1994-2008 in the Rila Mountains, Bulgaria

Öz

The annual pollen influx in the altitudinal zone 1800-2050 m a.s.l. produced by plant communities in the coniferous and subalpine vegetation belts of the northwestern Rila Mts. was analyzed for the period 1994-2008. The results from the five pollen traps placed on south and north slopes of a ridge revealed the dominance of Pinus diploxylon-type (Pinus mugo, Pinus sylvestris) and relatively constant presence of Picea abies and Pinus peuce pollen, with the exception in years of abundant flowering (1997, 1999, 2003 and partly 2005). The species Fagus sylvatica which grows at lower altitudes showed very good capabilities of pollen dispersal upslope. The trapping results indicated a cyclicity in the flowering of beech, with maximal pollen influx values in years 1994, 1999, 2005 and 2007, most probably dependent on the local climatic conditions. Pollen of deciduous trees such as Quercus, Carpinus betulus, Corylus, Alnus, Betula, although in less quantities, was also recorded in the traps. The herb component constituted only a small part of the total annual pollen influx. The results from long-term pollen trapping experiments could be applied to monitor the future trends in forest development in relation to climate change and local disturbances.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• pollen monitoring,pollen traps,pollen influx,trees,Rila Mts.,Bulgaria

LONG-TERM POLLEN MONITORING EXPERIMENTS FOR THE PERIOD 1994-2008 IN THE RILA MOUNTAINS, BULGARIA

Öz

Rila Dağı 1800-2050 m yükseltileri arasındaki zirve altı kuşaktaki bitki toplumlarının ve iğne yapraklı ormanların 1994-2008 yılları arasındaki polen dağılımları incelenmiştir. Sırtların kuzey ve güney bakılarından toplanan toplam 5 adet polen kapanlarından elde edilen bulgulara göre en hâkim türlerin Pinus diploxylon-tipi (Pinus mugo, Pinus sylvestris) ve yoğun çiçeklenme yılları olan (1997, 1999, 2003 ve 2005 yılları hariç) nispeten Picea abies ve Pinus peuce polenlerinin sürekli olarak varlık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Alt yükseltilerde yayılış gösteren Fagus sylvatica’nın yamaç yukarı yönde yoğun bir polen saçımı potansiyeli gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Polen kapanlarıyla elde edilen bulgulara göre, kayın polenlerinin dağılımlarında, büyük ihtimalle mikro iklime bağlı olarak, bilhassa azami çiçeklenmenin gerçekleştiği 1994, 1999, 2005 ve 2007 yıllarında döngüselliğin meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Quercus, Carpinus betulus, Corylus, Alnus, Betula gibi yapraklı türlerin polenlerine de az miktarda da olsa rastlanmıştır. Otsu türlerin polenlerine yıllık toplam polen miktarları arasında çok düşük bir oranda rastlanmıştır. Uzun dönemli polen izleme çalışmaları ile iklim değişikliği ve yerel orman zararlarından ormanlarda doğacak değişikliklerin izlenmesi mümkün olabilecektir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polen izleme, Polen kapanı, Polen saçımı, Ağaçlar, Rila Dağı, Bulgaristan

Kaynakça

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