Effect of accelerated aging test on fungi formation in stored eggplant seeds

Abstract

Seeds of fleshy fruits group need specific processes such as fermentation (Silva et al. 2009). Acid applications, which is one of the fermantation methods are widely used in the fleshy fruits group, are given fast and practical results. Accelerated aging test is determined seed can be stored at high humidity and temperature and If don‟t taken some measures, fungal contamination can be increase. In this study, Kemer egglant seeds, which were harvested two different seed maturity period (50 and 65 days) and were subjected three different fermentation treatments (water, 10 min. HCl, 20 min. HCl) and stored at 4 °C for 8 years, seed vigor and fungal contamination rates were decreased with accelerated aging test. Accelerated aging test (AAT) was carried out; surface sterilization (2% of NaCl 2 min.) treated (SS) and untreated (NSS) with 41 °C at 72 h period in the seed of the two groups.In the next stage, percentage of fungal contamination was calculatedat the first week of germinated seed lots. According to the results; the fastest (mean germination time, 5 days) and the highest germination rate (average germination rate, 73%) obtained from the seed lots which weren’t done AAT and harvested 50 days and were treated with HCl fermentation at 20 minutes. 65 days harvested seed lot’s mean germination time and rate were calculated as 67% and 5 days, respectively. According AAT results; 50 harvested seeds that were given high value, viability decreased by 20% and fungal contamination was 2%, in the NSS group seed viability decreased 3% and infection was found in 25%. Generally, surface sterilization treatment prevented contamination of 67% of total treatments. Pathogens which found at the surface of seed are Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. ve Alternaria spp. eliminated.

Keywords

• Accelerated aging test,eggplant,fungal pathogen

Effect of accelerated aging test on fungi formation in stored eggplant seeds

Öz

Solanaceae familyasına ait etli meyveliler grubunda tohumlar fermantasyon gibi özel işlemlere gerek duymaktadır. Fermantasyon yöntemlerinden biri olan asit uygulamaları etli meyveliler grubunda yaygın olarak kullanılmakta, hızlı ve pratik sonuç vermektedir. Hızlı yaşlandırma testi tohumların yüksek nem ve sıcaklıkta depolanabilme özelliklerini belirlemenin yanında çeşitli önlemler alınmadığı takdirde fungal kontaminasyonu artmaktadır. Yürütülen çalışmada, iki farklı tohum olgunluk döneminde (50 ve 65 günlük) hasat edilmiş ve üç farklı fermantasyon uygulamasına (su, 10 dak. HCl, 20 dak. HCl) tabi tutulan 4 ºC sıcaklıkta depolanmış 8 yıllık Kemer patlıcan çeşidi tohumlarının hızlı yaşlandırma testi ile tohum gücündeki azalış ve fungal kontaminasyon oranları bulunmuştur. Hızlı Yaşlandırma testi (HYT); yüzey sterilizasyon (%2 lik NaOCl ile 2 dak.) yapılan (SS) ve yapılmayan (NSS) iki gruba ait tohumlarda 41 ºC de 72sa süre ile yapılmıştır. Bunu takiben çimlenmeye alınan tohum partilerinde ilk hafta % fungal kontaminasyon hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; HYT yapılmayan tohum partilerinde en hızlı (ortalama çimlenme zamanı; 5 gün) ve en yüksek çimlenme oranı (ortalama çimlenme oranı; %73) ile 50 günde hasat edilen ve 20 dakika HCl fermantasyonu uygulanmış tohum partisinden elde edilmiştir. 65 günlük tohum olgunluğunda hasat edilmiş partilerde ortalama çimlenme zamanı ve oranı sırasıyla %67 ve 5 gün olarak hesaplanmıştır. HYT sonuçlarına göre ise; yüksek değerleri veren 50 günlük tohumlarda SS partilerde canlılık %20 azalmış, fungal kontaminasyon %2 oranında iken ve NSS partilerinde canlılık %3 azalmış, bulaşma oranı ise %25 olarak bulunmuştur. Genel olarak yüzey sterilizasyon uygulaması toplam uygulama gruplarının %67’sinde kontaminasyonu engellemiştir. Tohum yüzeyinde görülen patojenlerden; Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. ve Alternaria spp. etmenleri elimine edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hızlı yaşlandırma testi,patlıcan,fungal patojen,tohum depolama

Kaynakça

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