Sığla yağının sinnamik asit ve alkollerinden elde edilen türevler

Öz

Sığla ağacı (Liquidambar orientalis Miller) Türkiye’de yetişen endemik bir ağaç türüdür. Muğla bölgesinde (Köyceğiz, Fethiye) yetişen ağaç dünyada 4 türe sahiptir. Sığla ağacı görünüş olarak çınara benzer fakat yaprakları çınar yaprağından daha küçüktür. Ağaçlar uzun ömürlü (200-300 yıl) ve 25-30 metre uzunluğa sahiptirler. Ağacın çoğalması, tohum, kök ve kütük sürgünlerden olur. Ormanların kesilmesi ve aşırı üretim gibi sebeplerden günümüzde sığla ormanlarının miktarı çok düşmüştür. Sığla yağı ağacın gövdesi kazınarak elde edilir. Bir zamanlar önemli bir ihraç maddesi olan sığla yağı günümüzde bu önemini kaybetmiştir. Kahverengimsi sarı renkte olup yarı sıvıdır. Acı bir tada ve sinnamik aside benzer bir kokuya sahiptir. % 35-40 civarındaki sinnamik asidi serbest ve ester halinde bulundurur. %1 civarında uçucu yağa sahip olan sığla yağı aynı zamanda % 60 civarında sitoresin denilen triterpen asidleri de içerir. Çalışmamızda sığla yağı, Muğla Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Köyceğiz Orman İşletmesinden sağlandı. Yağ içinde bulunan sinnamik asit esterleri alkollü KOH çözeltisi ile hidroliz edildi. Hidroliz sonucu esterler, potasyum sinnamat ve alkollere dönüştürüldü. Potasyum sinnamat asitlendirilerek sinnamik aside sonra metil alkol ve etil alkolle tiyonil klorür varlığında esterlerine çevrildi. Alkoller, asetil klorür ile reaksiyona sokularak asetat türevlerine dönüştürüldü. Bu oluşan esterler, 1H NMR ve IR ve GC/MS gibi değişik teknikler ile karakterize edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sığla yağı
• Sinnamik asit
• Sinnamil alkol
• Sinamil asetat
• Lityum alüminyum hidrür

The obtained derivatives from cinnamic acid and alcohols of Turkish sweetgum balsam

Abstract

Sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis Miller) is an endemic tree species grown in Turkey. The tree grown in Muğla region (Köyceğiz, Fethiye) has 4 species in the world. The sweetgum tree is similar in appearance to the plane tree but its leaves are smaller than the sycamore leaf. Trees are long lasting (200-300 years) and have a length of 25-30 meters. The multiplication of the trees is from seed, root and billet shoots. Due to the reasons such as cutting of forests and excessive production, the amount of sweetgum tree forests has declined. Turkish sweetgum balsam is obtained by injuring the tree trunk. Turkish sweetgum balsam, which was once an important export item, lost its importance today. It is brownish yellow and semi-liquid. It has a bitter taste and a similar smell to cinnamic acid. It contains about 35-40% cinnamic acid free and ester. Turkish sweetgum balsam, which has an essential oil of about 1%, also contains about 60% of the triterpene acids called storesin. In our study, Turkish sweetgum balsam was provided from Köyceğiz Forestry Administration, Muğla Forest Regional Directorate. Cinnamic acid esters found in balsam were hydrolyzed with alcoholic KOH solution. By hydrolysis, esters were converted into potassium cinnamates and alcohols. Potassium cinnamate was acidified to cinnamic acid then converted to esters in the presence of thionyl chloride with methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol. The alcohols were converted to the acetate derivatives by reacting with acetyl chloride. These formed esters were characterized by various techniques such as 1H NMR, IR and GC/MS.

Keywords

• Turkish sweetgum balsam
• Cinnamic acid
• Cinnamyl alcohol
• cinnamyl acetate
• Lithium aluminum hyride

Kaynakça

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