Akdeniz Bölgesinde Kızılçam meşcerelerinde taşıma ve sürütme ile bölmeden çıkartma faaliyeti sonucu toprakların mikrobiyal özelliklerinin değişiminin mevsimsel olarak izlenmesi

Öz

Ormanlarda yapılan hasat (üretim) faaliyetleri topraklara ciddi şekilde zarar verebilmekte ve bazı özelliklerinde kısa ve uzun vadeli değişikliklere neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tarım traktörü kullanılarak bütün ağaç yöntemi ile hasat yapıldıktan sonra yırtılan (bozulan) toprakların kısa vadede bazı fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyal özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Toprağın bazı fizikokimyasal ve mikrobiyal özelliklerini belirlemek için iki toprak katmanında (0-10 ve 10-20 cm) ve üç mevsimde (ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar) toplam 72 toprak örneği toplanmıştır. Toprak organik karbon ve azot ortalama değerleri sırasıyla örneklerde (%2.15 ve %0.13) ve kontrol (%2.90 ve %0.16) alanlarında istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, üretim uygulamasının mikrobiyal biyokütle karbon, azot ve mikrobiyal toprak solunumu üzerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli etkilere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Özellikle sürütme hattındaki topraklarda organik karbon ve mikrobiyal biyokütlede önemli miktarda azalma gözlenmiştir. Mevsimsel desene göre, toprak örneklerinin mikrobiyal biyokütlesi en düşük (657.17 μg g–1) yaz ve en yüksek (763.76 μg g–1) sonbahar mevsiminde bulunmuştur. Kontrol alanlarında en düşük 773.99 μg g-1 ilkbahar mevsiminde, en yüksek 886 μg g-1 sonbahar mevsiminde olmuştur. Üretim faaliyetleri sonucunda ölü örtü tabakasının toprak yüzeyinden uzaklaştırılması sonucu artan toprak sıcaklığı ve azalan toprak nemine paralel olarak toprakların mikrobiyal özelliklerinde azalmalar olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ormanlarda üretimden sonra toprakların mikrobiyolojik özelliklerindeki değişimlerin uzun vadede izlenmesi, toprağa en az zarar verecek şekilde üretim yapılması orman ve toprak sağlığı için önemlidir. Bu nedenle üretim faaliyetleri toprağın sert olduğu dönemlerde yapılmalıdır. Toprakların yumuşak ve hassas olduğu mevsimlerde bütün ağaç veya sürütme yöntemi yerine alternatif hasat yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• hasat faaliyetleri
• karbon
• toprak özellikleri
• mikrobiyal biyokütle
• mevsimsel farklar

Short-term monitoring of the winching and skidding effects on soil microbial biomass in Turkish red pine in the Mediterranean Region

Abstract

Harvesting activities in forests can seriously damage soils and cause short and long-term changes in some of their properties. The aim of this study is to determine the effects on the microbial properties of the failure of the soil by the whole tree method using a farm tractor in the short term. In total, 72 soil samples were collected on two soil layers (0-10 and 10-20 cm) and three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn) for identifying some physicochemical and microbial properties of soil. Mean values of the soil organic carbon and nitrogen were statistically different in the skidding (2.15% -0.13%) and control (2.90% -0.16%) areas, respectively. Also, It was determined that the skidding activities had a statistically significant effect on the microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and microbial soil respiration. A significant reduction in organic carbon and microbial biomass was observed in the soils in the skidding line. According to the seasonal patterns, the microbial biomass of the samples was found the lowest in summer (657.17 μg g–1) and the highest (763.76 μg g–1) in autumn. In the control areas, the lowest was 773.99 μg g–1 in the spring season and the highest was 886 μg g– 1 in the autumn season. It is predicted that the decomposition rate may have increased in parallel with the soil temperature, which increases as a result of the removal of the litter layer from the soil surface in the harvesting application. Consequently, it is important for forest and soil health to monitor the changes in the microbiological characteristics of soils for long periods and to produce in a way that causes minimum damage to the soil in harvesting activities of forests. Therefore, production activities should be carried out in periods when the soil is hard. In seasons, when soils are soft and sensitive, there is a need to develop alternative harvesting methods instead of skidding.

Keywords

• harvesting activities
• carbon
• soil properties
• microbial biomass
• seasonal pattern

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