Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2016, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 17 - 30, 14.07.2016
https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.258622

Öz

Bu çalışma Garhwal Himalaya’nın Dhanaulity bölgesindeki ılıman kuşak ormanlarındaki ölü örtü birikimi, ölü örtü ayrışması ve böylece ölü örtüden besin maddelerinin salımı miktarlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştrıma sonuçları, ölü örtü miktarları en yüksekten en düşüğe doğru alt>orta>üst yükseltilerde olduğu ve herbir yükselti basamağında yaz>yağmurlu mevsim>kış sıralamasına göre oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrışma sabiti (k) alt, üst ve orta yükseltilerde sırasıyla 0.511, 0.438 ve 0.256 şeklinde değişmiştir. Yükseltiye bağlı olmaksızın potasyum yaz>yağmurlu mevsim>kış (sırasıyla %0.92, 0.90 ve 0.84), fosfor potasyumun tersine kış>yağmurlu mevsim>yaz (%0.203, 0.108, 0.104) şeklinde bir değişim göstermiş, azot ise mevsimlere göre yağmurlu mevsim>kış>yaz (%1.13, 1.11 ve 1.01) bir seyir izlemiştir. Mevsimlere bağlı kalmaksızın bakıldığında ise potasyum yükselti arttıkça artış göstermiş, fosfor ve azot ise yükseltiye bağlı belirgin bir değişim göstermemiştir

Kaynakça

  • References
  • Alfred, E. H. and O’Sullivans, J. N. O. 2001. Leaf litter decomposition of Piper aduncum, Gliricidia sepium and Imperata cylindrical in the humid lowland of Papau New Guinea. Pl. Soil 230: 115–124.
  • Arunachalam, K., Maithani, Pandey, H.N. and Tripathi, R.S. 1998. Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient mineralization patterns in regrowing stands of a humid subtropical forest after tree cutting. Forest Ecology and Management. 109:151-161.
  • Berg, B. and McClaugherty, C. 2008. Plant litter Heidelberg: Springer Wieder R.K, Lang G.E. 1982. A critique of the analytical methods used in examining decomposition data obtained from litter bags. Ecology. 63:1636–42.
  • Bockheim, J.G., Jepsen, E.A. and Heisey, D.M. 1991. Nutrient dynamics in decomposing leaf litter of four tree species on a sandy soil in north western Wisconsin, Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 21: 803-812.
  • Bray J.R. and Gorhamm, E. 1964. Litter production in the forest of the world 100-157: In Advances in Ecological Research, Cragg, J.B. (ed) Academic Press lnc. (London) Ltd.
  • Chabra, A. and dadhwal, V.K.2004. Assesment of major pools and fluxes of carbon in Indian forest. Climatic Changes.64:341-360.
  • Champion, H.G. and Seth, S. K. 1968. The forest types of India. Govt. of India, New Delhi.
  • Chaturvedi, O.P and Singh, J.S. 1987. The structure and function of pine forest in central Himalaya. II. Nutrient dynamics. Annals of Botany. 60: 53–67.
  • Cox. P., Wilkinson, S.P. and Anderson, J.M. 2001. Effects of fungal inocula on the decomposition of lignin and structural polysaccharides in Pinus sylvestris litter. Biol.Fertil. Soils 33:246– 51.
  • De Santo, A. V., Berg, B., Rutigiliano, F. A., Aleani, A. and Frioretto A. 1993. Factors regulating early stage of decomposition of needle litters in five different coniferous forests. Soil Biol. Biochem. 25: 1423–1433.
  • Devi A.S., Yadava P.S. (2007) Wood and leaf litter decomposition of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. in a tropical deciduous forest of Manipur, Northeast India. Current Science. 93: 243–246.
  • Devi, N. Bijayalaxmi and P.S. 2010. Yadava Influence of climate and litter quality on litter decomposition and nutrient release in sub-tropical forest of Northeast India. Journal of Forestry Research, 21(2): 143−150.
  • Egunjobi, J. K. 1971. Ecosystems processes in a stand of Ulex europaeus L. (11) recycling of chemical elements in the ecosystem. J. Ecol. 59 669–678.
  • Egunjobi, J. K. and Fasheun, F. E. 1972. Preliminary observations on the monthly litterfall and nutrient content of Pinus caribea leaf litter. Niger. J. Sci. 6(1).
  • Facelli, J.M. and Pickett, S.T.A. 1991. Plant litter: its dynamics and effects on plant community structure. Botanical Review: 57:(1-33).
  • Frankland, J. C. 1992. Mechanisms in fungal succession. In The fugal community: Its organization and role in the ecosystems, 2nd edn. (G. C. Carroll and D. T Wicklow ed.), pp. 383–401. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • Frioretto, A., Musacchio, G. Andolfi. and De Santo, A. V. 1998. Decomposition dynamics of litters of various pine species in a Corsican pine forest. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30: 721–727.
  • Gupta, S.R. and Lekha, A. 1989. Decomposition and carbon turn over in grassland, forest and agricultural systems in a dry subhumid regions.p 131-168. In: J. S. Singh and Gopal B (Eds) Perspectives in ecology.Jagmander Book Agency, New Delhi.
  • Hawkins, R. Sembiring, H. Lubis, D. 1990. The potential of alley cropping in upland of east and central Java. UACP, Department of agriculture, Salatiga, Indonesia.
  • Heal, O.W. and Dighton, J. 1986. Nutrient cycling and decomposition in natural terrestrial ecosystems. Pp. 14–73 in Mitchell, M. J. & Nakas, J. P. (eds.) Microflora and faunal interactions in natural and agro ecosystems. Nijhoff and Junk, Dordrecht.
  • Hermansah, A. Z., Tsugiyuki, M. and Toshiyuki. W. 2002. Litter fall and nutrient flux in tropical rain forest. West Sumatra, Indonesia 17th WCSS, 14–21 Aug. 2002. Thailand. Symposium No. 1125. Paper No. 1125.
  • Jamaludheen, V. and Kumar M. B. 1999. Litter of multipurpose trees in Kerala, India: variations in the amounts, quality, decay rates and release of nutrients. Forest Eclogy Management. 115: 1- 11.
  • Jenny, H., Gessel, S.P. and Bingham, F.T. 1949. Comparative study of decomposition. Soil Science. 68:419-432.
  • Kaushal, R., Verma, K.S., Chaturvedi, O.P. and Alam, N.M. 2012. Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in four multipurpose tree species.Range Mgmt. and Agroforestry 33(1): 20-27.
  • Kava’ova, M. and Acek, S. V. 2003. Mountain Norway spruce forests. Needle supply and its nutrient content. J. For Sci. 49(7): 327–332.
  • Kumar, M., Joshi, M. and Todaria, N.P. 2010. Regeneration status of a sub-tropical Anogeissus latifolia forest in Garhwal Himalaya, India. Journal of Forestry Research. 21(4): 439−444.
  • Kumar, P., Rajwar, G.S. and Sharma, A. 2003. Litter decomposition of two tree species in a tropical deciduous forest of Garhwal Himalaya. Pages 44-58, In: Bisht, N.S. (Editor) Litter Dynamics in Himalaya. Niharika Publication, Pauri, Garhwal.
  • Kutsch, W. L. and Dilly, O. 1999. Ecophysiology of plant and microbial interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Pp. 74–84 in Beyschlag, W. and Steinlein, T. (eds.) Okophysiologie pflanzlicher Interaktionen. Bielefelder Okologische Beitr¨age 14.
  • Lin, C.H., R.L. Mc Graw, M.F., George and H.E. Garrett. 1999. Shade effects on forage crops with potential in temperate agroforestry practices. Agroforestry Systems 44: 109-119.
  • McClaugherty, C.A. and Berg, B. 1987. Cellulose, lignin and nitrogen concentrations as rate regulating factors in late stages of forest litter decomposition. Pedobiologia 30:101–112.
  • Melillo, J.M., Aber, J.D. and Muratose, J.R. 1982. Nitrogen and lignin control of heartwood leaf litter decomposition dynamics. Ecology. 63: 621-626.
  • Muoghalu, J. I., Adeloye, O. M. and Balogun, R. T. 1994. Litter decomposition and inorganic element dynamics in a secondary rainforest at Ile-Ife. Nigeria. Afr. J. Ecol. 32: 208–221.
  • Muoghalu, J. I., Akanni, S. O. and Eretan O. O. 1993. Litter and nutrient dynamics in a Nigerian rainforest seven years after a ground fire. J. Veg. Sci. 4: 325–328.
  • Olson, J.S. 1963. Energy storage and the balance of produces and decomposition in ecological system Ecology, 44:322-331.
  • Palm, C. A. and Sanchez, P. A. 1990. Decomposition and nutrient release patterns of the leaves of three tropical legumes. Biotropica 22: 330–338.
  • Pant, S.C. and Tiwari, S.C 1992. Litter fall and litter decomposition in a montane oak forest of Garhwal Himalaya. Tropical Ecology. 33 (1): 103- 109.
  • Patra, A.K. and Pande P.K. 2012. Litter, nutrient dynamics and forest floor management in Sal and miscellaneous forest in Satpura plateau (India). Indian Forester 138(3): 219-228.
  • Rana, B.S., Singh, S.P. and Singh, J.S. 1989. Biomass and primary productivity in Central Himalayan forests along the altitudinal gradient. For. Ecol. Manage., 27: 199-218.
  • Reich P. B., Walter M. B. and Ellsworth D. S. 1992. Leaf life-span in relation to leaf, plant and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems. Ecol. Monogr. 62: 365–392.
  • Rodin, L.E. and N.I. Bazilevich. 1967. Production and mineral cycling in Terrestrial vegetation (Eng. Transl. G.E.Fogg) Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and London pp. 288.
  • Scholes, R. J. and Walker, B. H. 1993. An African savanna – synthesis of Nylsvley study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 306 pp.
  • Sharma, A. and Ambasht, R.S. 1987. Litter fall, decomposition and nutrient release in an age sequence of Alnus nepalensis plantation stands in the eastern-Himalaya. Journal of Ecology, 75: 997 -1000.
  • Singh, J. 1980. Studies on structural and functional aspects of two subtropical humid forest type in Meghalaya. (PhD Thesis.) North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
  • Singh, O., Sharma, D.C. and Rawat, J.K. 1993. Production and decomposition of leaf litter in Sal, Teak, Eucalyptus and Poplar forests in Uttar Pradesh. Indian Forester. 119(2): 112-121.
  • Sundarapandian, S. M. and P. S. Swamy. 1999. Litter production and leaf litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropical forests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats, India, For. Ecol. Manage., 123, 231–244, doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00062-6.
  • Swift, M. J., Heal, O. W. and Anderson J. M. 1979. Decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Blackwell, Stafford, UK. 372 pp.
  • Szott L.T. and Kass, D.C. 1993. Fertilizers in agroforestry. Agro. Syst., 23: 157-176.
  • Temel, S. 2003. Litter decomposition of Picea orientalis, Pinus sylvestris and Castanea sativa trees crown in Artvin in relation to their iInitial title quality variables. Turkey Agric. For., 27: 23–243.
  • Tian, G., Adejuyigbe, C. O., Adeoye, G. O. and Kang, B. T. 1998. Role of soil microarthropods in leaf decomposition and N release under various land-use practices in the humid tropics. Pedobiologia. 42: 33–42.
  • Tripathi, O. P., Pandey, H. N. and Tripathi, R. S. 2009. Litter production, decomposition and physico-chemical properties of soil in 3 developed agroforestry systems of Meghalaya, Northeast India. African Journal of Plant Science.3 (8):160-167.
  • Upadhyay, V.P. 1984. Leaf litter decomposition in certain forest ecosystems of Kumaun Himalaya. Ph.D. Thesis, Kumaun University, Naintal.
  • Wederburn, M.F. and Carter, J.1999. Litter decomposition by four tree types for use in silvipastrol system. Soil Biol.Biochem.47:194-201.
  • Yang, Y.S., Chen, Y.X., He, Z.M. and Guo, J.F. 2004. Comparatively study on litter properties between plantations of Fokienia hodginsii and Cunninghamia lanceolata. Sci. Sil. Sin. 40: 2–9
  • Zhou, G. et al., 2006 Old-growth forests can accumulate carbon in soils. Science.314: 1417.

Litter production, decomposition and nutrient release of woody tree species in Dhanaulti region of temperate forest in Gahwal Himalaya

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 17 - 30, 14.07.2016
https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.258622

Öz

Abstract

The study has been carried out in Dhanaulity region of temperate forest of Garhwal Himalaya to underestnad litter production, their decodmpstion and concetraion of nutrients release by leaf litter at different altitudes. The results indicate that the litter production with altitude in each season reduced in order of Lower>middle>upper altitudes, while in each altitudes the seasonal llitter production reduced in order of summer>rainy>winter. The value of decomposition constant (k) was reduced as 0.0014, 0.0012 and 0.0007 at lower, upper, middle altitude respectively. The concentration of nutrients seasonally (irrespective altitude), potassium reduced from summar (0.92%), rainy (0.90%) and winter (0.84%) however, phosphorus shown reverse trend with potassium as summer (0.104%), rainy (0.108%) and winter (0.203%) where as nitrogen was highest in rainy (1.13%) followed by winter (1.11%) and summer (1.01%).  The nutrient concentration with altitude (irrespective season), potassium increased with increasing attitudes, whereas, phosphorus and nitrogen have not shown any trend with attitude.

Kaynakça

  • References
  • Alfred, E. H. and O’Sullivans, J. N. O. 2001. Leaf litter decomposition of Piper aduncum, Gliricidia sepium and Imperata cylindrical in the humid lowland of Papau New Guinea. Pl. Soil 230: 115–124.
  • Arunachalam, K., Maithani, Pandey, H.N. and Tripathi, R.S. 1998. Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient mineralization patterns in regrowing stands of a humid subtropical forest after tree cutting. Forest Ecology and Management. 109:151-161.
  • Berg, B. and McClaugherty, C. 2008. Plant litter Heidelberg: Springer Wieder R.K, Lang G.E. 1982. A critique of the analytical methods used in examining decomposition data obtained from litter bags. Ecology. 63:1636–42.
  • Bockheim, J.G., Jepsen, E.A. and Heisey, D.M. 1991. Nutrient dynamics in decomposing leaf litter of four tree species on a sandy soil in north western Wisconsin, Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 21: 803-812.
  • Bray J.R. and Gorhamm, E. 1964. Litter production in the forest of the world 100-157: In Advances in Ecological Research, Cragg, J.B. (ed) Academic Press lnc. (London) Ltd.
  • Chabra, A. and dadhwal, V.K.2004. Assesment of major pools and fluxes of carbon in Indian forest. Climatic Changes.64:341-360.
  • Champion, H.G. and Seth, S. K. 1968. The forest types of India. Govt. of India, New Delhi.
  • Chaturvedi, O.P and Singh, J.S. 1987. The structure and function of pine forest in central Himalaya. II. Nutrient dynamics. Annals of Botany. 60: 53–67.
  • Cox. P., Wilkinson, S.P. and Anderson, J.M. 2001. Effects of fungal inocula on the decomposition of lignin and structural polysaccharides in Pinus sylvestris litter. Biol.Fertil. Soils 33:246– 51.
  • De Santo, A. V., Berg, B., Rutigiliano, F. A., Aleani, A. and Frioretto A. 1993. Factors regulating early stage of decomposition of needle litters in five different coniferous forests. Soil Biol. Biochem. 25: 1423–1433.
  • Devi A.S., Yadava P.S. (2007) Wood and leaf litter decomposition of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. in a tropical deciduous forest of Manipur, Northeast India. Current Science. 93: 243–246.
  • Devi, N. Bijayalaxmi and P.S. 2010. Yadava Influence of climate and litter quality on litter decomposition and nutrient release in sub-tropical forest of Northeast India. Journal of Forestry Research, 21(2): 143−150.
  • Egunjobi, J. K. 1971. Ecosystems processes in a stand of Ulex europaeus L. (11) recycling of chemical elements in the ecosystem. J. Ecol. 59 669–678.
  • Egunjobi, J. K. and Fasheun, F. E. 1972. Preliminary observations on the monthly litterfall and nutrient content of Pinus caribea leaf litter. Niger. J. Sci. 6(1).
  • Facelli, J.M. and Pickett, S.T.A. 1991. Plant litter: its dynamics and effects on plant community structure. Botanical Review: 57:(1-33).
  • Frankland, J. C. 1992. Mechanisms in fungal succession. In The fugal community: Its organization and role in the ecosystems, 2nd edn. (G. C. Carroll and D. T Wicklow ed.), pp. 383–401. Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • Frioretto, A., Musacchio, G. Andolfi. and De Santo, A. V. 1998. Decomposition dynamics of litters of various pine species in a Corsican pine forest. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30: 721–727.
  • Gupta, S.R. and Lekha, A. 1989. Decomposition and carbon turn over in grassland, forest and agricultural systems in a dry subhumid regions.p 131-168. In: J. S. Singh and Gopal B (Eds) Perspectives in ecology.Jagmander Book Agency, New Delhi.
  • Hawkins, R. Sembiring, H. Lubis, D. 1990. The potential of alley cropping in upland of east and central Java. UACP, Department of agriculture, Salatiga, Indonesia.
  • Heal, O.W. and Dighton, J. 1986. Nutrient cycling and decomposition in natural terrestrial ecosystems. Pp. 14–73 in Mitchell, M. J. & Nakas, J. P. (eds.) Microflora and faunal interactions in natural and agro ecosystems. Nijhoff and Junk, Dordrecht.
  • Hermansah, A. Z., Tsugiyuki, M. and Toshiyuki. W. 2002. Litter fall and nutrient flux in tropical rain forest. West Sumatra, Indonesia 17th WCSS, 14–21 Aug. 2002. Thailand. Symposium No. 1125. Paper No. 1125.
  • Jamaludheen, V. and Kumar M. B. 1999. Litter of multipurpose trees in Kerala, India: variations in the amounts, quality, decay rates and release of nutrients. Forest Eclogy Management. 115: 1- 11.
  • Jenny, H., Gessel, S.P. and Bingham, F.T. 1949. Comparative study of decomposition. Soil Science. 68:419-432.
  • Kaushal, R., Verma, K.S., Chaturvedi, O.P. and Alam, N.M. 2012. Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in four multipurpose tree species.Range Mgmt. and Agroforestry 33(1): 20-27.
  • Kava’ova, M. and Acek, S. V. 2003. Mountain Norway spruce forests. Needle supply and its nutrient content. J. For Sci. 49(7): 327–332.
  • Kumar, M., Joshi, M. and Todaria, N.P. 2010. Regeneration status of a sub-tropical Anogeissus latifolia forest in Garhwal Himalaya, India. Journal of Forestry Research. 21(4): 439−444.
  • Kumar, P., Rajwar, G.S. and Sharma, A. 2003. Litter decomposition of two tree species in a tropical deciduous forest of Garhwal Himalaya. Pages 44-58, In: Bisht, N.S. (Editor) Litter Dynamics in Himalaya. Niharika Publication, Pauri, Garhwal.
  • Kutsch, W. L. and Dilly, O. 1999. Ecophysiology of plant and microbial interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Pp. 74–84 in Beyschlag, W. and Steinlein, T. (eds.) Okophysiologie pflanzlicher Interaktionen. Bielefelder Okologische Beitr¨age 14.
  • Lin, C.H., R.L. Mc Graw, M.F., George and H.E. Garrett. 1999. Shade effects on forage crops with potential in temperate agroforestry practices. Agroforestry Systems 44: 109-119.
  • McClaugherty, C.A. and Berg, B. 1987. Cellulose, lignin and nitrogen concentrations as rate regulating factors in late stages of forest litter decomposition. Pedobiologia 30:101–112.
  • Melillo, J.M., Aber, J.D. and Muratose, J.R. 1982. Nitrogen and lignin control of heartwood leaf litter decomposition dynamics. Ecology. 63: 621-626.
  • Muoghalu, J. I., Adeloye, O. M. and Balogun, R. T. 1994. Litter decomposition and inorganic element dynamics in a secondary rainforest at Ile-Ife. Nigeria. Afr. J. Ecol. 32: 208–221.
  • Muoghalu, J. I., Akanni, S. O. and Eretan O. O. 1993. Litter and nutrient dynamics in a Nigerian rainforest seven years after a ground fire. J. Veg. Sci. 4: 325–328.
  • Olson, J.S. 1963. Energy storage and the balance of produces and decomposition in ecological system Ecology, 44:322-331.
  • Palm, C. A. and Sanchez, P. A. 1990. Decomposition and nutrient release patterns of the leaves of three tropical legumes. Biotropica 22: 330–338.
  • Pant, S.C. and Tiwari, S.C 1992. Litter fall and litter decomposition in a montane oak forest of Garhwal Himalaya. Tropical Ecology. 33 (1): 103- 109.
  • Patra, A.K. and Pande P.K. 2012. Litter, nutrient dynamics and forest floor management in Sal and miscellaneous forest in Satpura plateau (India). Indian Forester 138(3): 219-228.
  • Rana, B.S., Singh, S.P. and Singh, J.S. 1989. Biomass and primary productivity in Central Himalayan forests along the altitudinal gradient. For. Ecol. Manage., 27: 199-218.
  • Reich P. B., Walter M. B. and Ellsworth D. S. 1992. Leaf life-span in relation to leaf, plant and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems. Ecol. Monogr. 62: 365–392.
  • Rodin, L.E. and N.I. Bazilevich. 1967. Production and mineral cycling in Terrestrial vegetation (Eng. Transl. G.E.Fogg) Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and London pp. 288.
  • Scholes, R. J. and Walker, B. H. 1993. An African savanna – synthesis of Nylsvley study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 306 pp.
  • Sharma, A. and Ambasht, R.S. 1987. Litter fall, decomposition and nutrient release in an age sequence of Alnus nepalensis plantation stands in the eastern-Himalaya. Journal of Ecology, 75: 997 -1000.
  • Singh, J. 1980. Studies on structural and functional aspects of two subtropical humid forest type in Meghalaya. (PhD Thesis.) North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
  • Singh, O., Sharma, D.C. and Rawat, J.K. 1993. Production and decomposition of leaf litter in Sal, Teak, Eucalyptus and Poplar forests in Uttar Pradesh. Indian Forester. 119(2): 112-121.
  • Sundarapandian, S. M. and P. S. Swamy. 1999. Litter production and leaf litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropical forests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats, India, For. Ecol. Manage., 123, 231–244, doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00062-6.
  • Swift, M. J., Heal, O. W. and Anderson J. M. 1979. Decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Blackwell, Stafford, UK. 372 pp.
  • Szott L.T. and Kass, D.C. 1993. Fertilizers in agroforestry. Agro. Syst., 23: 157-176.
  • Temel, S. 2003. Litter decomposition of Picea orientalis, Pinus sylvestris and Castanea sativa trees crown in Artvin in relation to their iInitial title quality variables. Turkey Agric. For., 27: 23–243.
  • Tian, G., Adejuyigbe, C. O., Adeoye, G. O. and Kang, B. T. 1998. Role of soil microarthropods in leaf decomposition and N release under various land-use practices in the humid tropics. Pedobiologia. 42: 33–42.
  • Tripathi, O. P., Pandey, H. N. and Tripathi, R. S. 2009. Litter production, decomposition and physico-chemical properties of soil in 3 developed agroforestry systems of Meghalaya, Northeast India. African Journal of Plant Science.3 (8):160-167.
  • Upadhyay, V.P. 1984. Leaf litter decomposition in certain forest ecosystems of Kumaun Himalaya. Ph.D. Thesis, Kumaun University, Naintal.
  • Wederburn, M.F. and Carter, J.1999. Litter decomposition by four tree types for use in silvipastrol system. Soil Biol.Biochem.47:194-201.
  • Yang, Y.S., Chen, Y.X., He, Z.M. and Guo, J.F. 2004. Comparatively study on litter properties between plantations of Fokienia hodginsii and Cunninghamia lanceolata. Sci. Sil. Sin. 40: 2–9
  • Zhou, G. et al., 2006 Old-growth forests can accumulate carbon in soils. Science.314: 1417.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Munesh Kumar

Sushil Saha Bu kişi benim

G.s. Rajwar Bu kişi benim

Kalidas Upadhaya Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Temmuz 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Eylül 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kumar, M., Saha, S., Rajwar, G., Upadhaya, K. (2016). Litter production, decomposition and nutrient release of woody tree species in Dhanaulti region of temperate forest in Gahwal Himalaya. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 4(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.258622

 

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