Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümünde Okuyan Öğrencilerin Dört Yıllık Eğitim Sürecindeki Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 65, 217 - 238, 15.10.2016

Yucel Ocak

Öz

Problem Durumu: Özel yetenek sınavlarıyla Beden eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokullarına
giren öğrenciler ya iyi bir spor özgeçmişine, ya da çok iyi bir ön hazırlığa
ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Bir başka ifadeyle Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bölümlerine
giren öğrencilerin fiziksel ve fizyolojik özellikleri, elit sporcuların
profilleriyle benzerlik göstermektedir. Fakat özellikle Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu tarafından
belirlenen ve tüm Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği bölümlerinin zorunlu
olarak uyguladığı ders programlarındaki teorik derslerin fazlalılığı ve yoğun
bir müfredat programı sonrasında öğrenci, okul ya da spor arasında bir tercih
yapmak zorunda kalmaktadır.

Büyük bir çoğunluğu gelecekte iyi bir mesleğe sahip olabilmek için
okulu tercih ederek spordan uzaklaşmaktadırlar. Son sınıfa gelindiğinde de ise
öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğu sedanter bir insan profiline dönüşmektedir.
İnsanlarımızın sağlıklı ve kaliteli bir yaşam sürdürebilmeleri için spora
yönlendirilmesinde, yetenekli insanların tespit edilmesinde önemli bir görev
üstlenen, öğrencilerine ve topluma model olan beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin
yetiştirilmesindeki bu çelişki düşündürücüdür.

Araştırmanın
Amacı: Yukarıda bahsedilen problemlerden yola
çıkılarak, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenliği bölümünde okuyan öğrencilerin
okulu kazandıkları ilk yıldan itibaren dört yıl boyunca her yıl bazı fiziksel
ve fizyolojik parametlerinin ölçümlerinin yapılması ve değerlendirilmesi
amaçlanmıştır.

Araştırmanın Yöntemi: Afyon Kocatepe
Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksek Okulunda, Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenliği
Bölümünde okuyan 70 erkek, 50 kadın, toplam 120 öğrenci katılmıştır.
Öğrencilerin okulu kazandıkları ilk yıldan itibaren dört yıl boyunca ilk yıl
güz yarıyılında kasım ayında, diğer üç yılda bahar yarıyılında mayıs ayında,
bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametlerinin ölçümleri yapıldı. Ölçümlerde, vücut
ağırlıkları, boy uzunlukları, vücut yağ yüzdeleri, vücut kitle indexleri,
esneklikleri, dikey sıçramaları, anaerobik ve aerobik güçleri tespit edildi.
İstatistiksel değerlendirmelerde, repeated measures  analizi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar 0,01 ve 0,05 seviyesinde değerlendirildi.

Araştırmanın Bulguları: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin dört yıllık ölçümleri
sonucunda,  tüm yıllarda bir önceki yıla
göre vücut ağırlıkları, vücut yağ oranları ve anaerobik güçleri artmış, dikey
sıçramaları mesafeleri, esneklik değerleri ve aerobik güçleri de azalmıştır.
Tüm bu değişiklikler istatistiki olarak 0,01 düzeyinde de anlamlılığı ifade
etmektedir.

Araştırmanın Sonuçları ve
Öneriler: Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksek Okulunun özel
yetenek sınavına giren öğrencilerin profilleri sporcuların seviyelerindedir.
Öğrencilerin bu performans seviyeleri her geçen yıl azalmaktadır. Hatta bu
özellikleri dördüncü yıla gelindiğinde sedanter insanlar seviyesine kadar
gerilemektedir. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin yoğun ders
programları ve teorik derslerin fazlalığı, öğrencilere okul ya da spor arasında
bir tercih yapma zorunluluğunda bırakmaktadır. Bu zorunluluk birçok öğrenci
okulunu tercih etmesiyle sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu durum onları spordan uzaklaştıran
önemli bir faktör olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Sonuç olarak, çalışma bulguları Beden
Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümlerinin müfredat programlarının tekrar gözden
geçirilerek düzenlenmesi gerekliliğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Beden eğitimi ve spor, öğretmen, performans, fiziksel, fizyolojik

The Four-Year an Investigation of Physical and Physiological Features of Students in a Physical Education and Sports Department

Öz

Problem Statement: Student candidates who want to be a Physical
Education Teacher in Turkey should take special ability exams of Physical
Education and Sports Schools. In this exam, it is required to have a high
physical capability apart from a high level of special branch skills.  For this reason, the students who pass and
start their education at physical education and sports schools either have a
good history of sports or they are active sportsmen or they have passed through
a good training period.  In other terms,
they have high levels of physical and physiological capacity. But, the density
of the curriculum at physical education teaching departments at Physical
Education and Sports Schools, redundancy of theoretical courses which are
defined and forced by Higher Education Council in Turkey to all the Physical
Education and Sports Schools and from time to time the obligation to make a
choice between school and active sportsmanship pull students away from active
sportsmanship and regular training. After a dense curriculum program, the
majority of students prefer education instead of sport activities and thus,
when they reach their final year, they turn into sedentary people. This
contradiction in the education of physical education teachers which is a model
for the community and carries the task of selecting gifted people and directing
people to sports for sustaining a healthy and quality life is
thought-provoking.

Purpose of Study: In this study, it is aimed to measure and
evaluate some physical and physiological parameters of students attending
physical education and sports schools from the first year on until the fourth
year by taking the arguments given above.

Methods: 70
male, 50 female and in total 120 students attending to Afyon Kocatepe
University School of Physical Education and Sports took part in this study.
Some physical and physiological parameters of the students were measured for
three years in the Fall semester in November beginning from the first year on
and in their final year, the measurements were made in the Spring term in May.
Their weights, heights, body fat percentages, body mass indices and flexibilities,
vertical jumps, anaerobic powers and aerobic capacities were identified with
these measurements. Repeated measures analysis was used for statistical
evaluation. The results were evaluated between 0,01 and 0,05 levels.

Findings and Results: Body weights, BMIs, body fat percentages, flexibility
levels, anaerobic powers and aerobic capacities of students who go through an
intense and difficult exam to matriculate School of Physical Education and
Sports are at levels of sportsmen. These performance levels of students
decrease each passing year. These traits decline even to the levels of
sedentary people in the fourth year.

Conclusions and Recommendations: The
students of School of Physical Education and Sports have an intense syllabus
and the excess of theoretical courses prevent from regular training. Also, students in our country have to
prepare for a tough theoretical exam after graduating university in order to be
a teacher.  This obligation moves them
away from sporting activities in their free times remaining form school. In the
light of this result, it is necessary to revise curriculums of Physical
Education and Sports Schools in our country which train students to be teachers
both for students, sportsmen and teaching staff. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Physical education and sports, teacher, performance, physical, physiological

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