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Paylaşılan Liderlik ile Dağıtımcı Liderlik Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 65, 295 - 312, 15.10.2016

Öz

Problem Durumu: Liderlik
sürecinin payla
şılması
konusu ile ilgili son yıllarda bir çok ara
ştırma
yapılmaktadır. Payla
şılan
liderlik anlayı
şı;
liderlik etkinliklerine birçok ki
şinin
katılmasıyla ilgilidir. Bir okuldaki bütün liderlerden olu
şan
ve onların çe
şitli
etkinliklerini de hesaba katan, bir liderin bilgi ve becerisinin bir ürünü
olmaktan ziyade birçok ki
şinin
ve onların arasındaki ili
şkinin
ürünüdür bu tür liderli
ği,
sürekli bir
şefin
yönetti
ği
orkestradan çok, müzi
ğe
ve o andaki ritme göre çalgıcılardan herhangi birinin liderlik etti
ği
bir caz grubuna benzetmektedir. Bu çe
şit liderliği
gerçekle
şmesi
ortak ba
ğlıkların,
inançların ve de
ğerlerin
seyrine önem vermeyi gerektirir. Da
ğıtımcı liderlik yaklaşımı;
liderli
ği
takımlar, gruplar ve örgütsel özellikleri ile birlikte ele almaktadır. Pratikte
bu yakla
şımlar,
bir de
ğişimi
gerçekle
ştirmek
için birilerinin ba
şta
olması gerekti
ği
varsayımına kar
şı
çıkar. Bu fikrin savunucuları, liderli
ğin gerekli olduğunu
çünkü e
ğitim
örgütlerinin tek bir ki
şinin
ba
ş
edemeyece
ği
kadar karma
şık
oldu
ğunu
iddia ederler. Örgütlerde birçok karma
şık işleri
yönetmenin sorumlulu
ğu
birçok birey ve roller arasında da
ğıtılmaktadır. Temel olarak savunulan
ilke, tüm durumlarda tek bir en iyi lider özellikleri dizisi ve tek bir en iyi
lider davranı
şları
standartlarını ke
şfetme
çabaları ba
şarısızla
sonuçlanmı
ştır.
Ça
ğdaş
ara
ştırmacılar
ve okul yöneticileri liderlik uygulamalarının tek bir davranı
ş
dizisi tarafından temsil edilmesi için çok karma
şık
oldu
ğunu
şünmektedirler.
Payla
şılan
liderlik ve da
ğıtımcı
liderlik kavramlarının kullanılması ile ilgili olarak yurt dı
şında
yapılan ara
ştırmalara
bakıldı
ğında
ise,  da
ğıtımcı
liderlik/distributed leadership” payla
şılan liderlik/shared leadership”
kavramlarının farklı oldu
ğu
ve farklı kuramsal temeller do
ğrultusuna
kullanıldı
ğı
görülmektedir. Payla
şılan
liderlik ile da
ğıtımcı
liderli
ğin
kuramsal, uygulamaya yönelik ve alan ara
ştırmacıları
açılarından bir çok ortak yönü bulunmaktadır. Her iki liderlik yakla
şımı
açısından ortak yönler o kadar ileriye gitmi
ştir
ki bazı ara
ştırmalar
da payla
şılan
ve da
ğıtımcı
liderlik kavramları bir birinin yerine kullanılır olmu
ştur.
Alan yazında payla
şılan
ve da
ğıtımcı
liderlik arasında bu denli paralellik olmasına ra
ğmen
yine literatürde her iki liderlik yakla
şımı
faklı birer liderlik modeli olarak ele alınmakta ve bu yönde örgüt yönetici ve
çalı
şanlarının
liderlik düzeylerini ölçen, açı
ğa
çıkaran çe
şitli
ölçekler geli
ştirilmektedir.

Araştırmanın Amacı: Mevcut
ara
ştırma
ile teori ve uygulamada birçok benzer yönlerinin oldu
ğu
vurgulanan ancak faklı adlar altında dile getirilen payla
şılan
liderlik ile da
ğıtımcı
liderlik arasındaki ili
şkiyi
incelemek, kar
şılaştırmak
ve belirtilen kavramsal çeli
şkileri
gidermeye çalı
şmak
amaçlanmı
ştır.  Bu bağlamda
e
ğitimcilerin
algılarına dayalı olarak, yöneticilerin payla
şılan
liderlik ve da
ğıtımcı
liderlik düzeyleri,  payla
şılan
liderlik ve da
ğıtımcı
liderlik arasındaki ili
şki
ve payla
şılan
liderli
ğin
da
ğıtımcı
liderli
ği
yordama gücü ara
ştırmanın
temel amacını olu
şturmuştur.

Araştırmanın Yöntemi: Araştırma
payla
şılan
liderlik ve da
ğıtımcı
liderlik arasındaki ili
şki
ve payla
şılan
liderli
ğin
da
ğıtımcı
liderli
ği
yordama gücünü incelemek amacıyla ili
şkisel tarama ve nedensel bir desende
tasarlanmı
ştır.
İlişkisel
tarama modelinde, iki veya daha fazla de
ğişken
arasında bir ili
şki
olup olmadı
ğı
ve ili
şkinin
varlı
ğı
durumunda bunun yönü ortaya koyulmaya çalı
şılır.
Nedensel ara
ştırma
deseni ba
ğlamında,
bu ara
ştırmada,
payla
şılan
liderlik ve alt boyutları ba
ğımsız
de
ğişken,
da
ğıtımcı
liderlik ise ba
ğımlı
de
ğişken
olarak ele alınmı
ştır.

Araştırmanın Bulguları: Araştırmaya katılanlar,
okul yöneticilerinin; payla
şılan
ve da
ğıtımcı
liderlik davranı
şları
ile ilgili olarak olumlu görü
şe
sahiptirler. Payla
şılan
liderlik alt boyutu olan liderlik fonksiyonları ile da
ğıtımcı
liderlik alt boyutlarından “görevlerin ortak tamamlanması” arasında pozitif
yönde ve orta derecede anlamlı bir ili
şki (r=.598; p<0.01), “karşılıklı
beceri geli
ştirme”
arasında pozitif yönde ve orta derecede anlamlı bir ili
şki
(r=.510; p<0.01), “çalı
şanlar
arasında merkezi olmayan etkile
şim”
arasında pozitif yönde ve zayıf derecede anlamlı bir ili
şki
(r=.322; p<0.01), “duygusal destek” arasında pozitif yönde ve zayıf derecede
anlamlı bir ili
şki
(r=.452; p<0.01) vardır.  payla
şılan
liderlik (ba
ğımsız
de
ğişken)
ve da
ğıtımcı
liderlik (ba
ğımlı
de
ğişken)
arasında pozitif yönde ve orta derecede anlamlı bir ili
şki
(r=.644) vardır.  Payla
şılan
liderlik alt boyutlarının (görevlerin ortak tamamlanması,  kar
şılıklı beceri geliştirme,  çalışanlar arasında merkezi olmayan etkileşim,
duygusal destek) da
ğıtımcı
liderli
ğe
ait 0,415 varyansın % 41,5’i açıklamaktadır. Da
ğıtımcı
liderlik de
ğişkeni
üzerinde en büyük etkiye  “Görevlerin
Ortak Tamamlanması’nın sahip oldu
ğu
(
β=0.452),
bunu “Duygusal Deste
ğin”
takip etti
ği
(
β=0.132)
görülmektedir. Fakat payla
şılan
liderlik alt boyutlarını olu
şturan
“Kar
şılıklı
Beceri Geli
ştirme”  ve “Çalışanlar
Arasında Merkezi Olmayan Etkile
şim”
de
ğişkenlerinin
ise da
ğıtımcı
liderlik de
ğişkeni
üzerinde bir etkiye sahip olmadı
ğı
söylenebilir.









Araştırmanın Sonuçları ve Önerileri:
Katılımcıların görü
şlerine
göre yöneticilerin payla
şılan
liderlik ve da
ğıtımcı
liderlik düzeyinin yüksek oldu
ğu,
ancak çok yüksek olmadı
ğı
söylenebilir. Payla
şılan
liderlik ile da
ğıtımcı
liderlik arasında bir ili
şkinin
oldu
ğu
ancak bu ili
şkinin
çok yüksek olmadı
ğıdır.
Türkiye’de son yıllarda yapılan ara
ştırmalarda; paylaşılan
liderlik (shared leadership)  ve da
ğıtımcı
liderlik (distributed leadership) kavramlarını 
ço
ğunlukla
birbirinin yerine kullandıkları halde; 
gerek alan yazında gerek di
ğer ülkelerde bu iki liderlik kavramı
(da
ğıtımcı
liderlik/distributed leadership, payla
şılan liderlik/shared leadership) faklı
yakla
şımlar
olarak kabul edilmektedir. Nitekim bu ara
ştırma
sonucunda da bu iki liderlik yakla
şımı arasında pozitif ve orta derecede
anlamlı bir ili
şkinin
oldu
ğu
tespit edilmi
ştir.
Ancak bir birinin yerine kullanılacak kadar aralarında bire bir ili
şkinin
oldu
ğu
söylenemez. Dolayısıyla ortak bir çok yönleri olsa bile payla
şılan
liderlik (shared leadership) ve da
ğıtımcı liderlik (distributed
leadership)  farklı birer liderlik yakla
şımları
oldu
ğu
ve bir birinin yerine kullanılmasının uygun olmadı
ğı
söylenebilir. 

Kaynakça

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  • Bakir, A., A. (2013). Ogretmenlerin paylasilan liderlik ve orgutsel baglilik algilari arasindaki iliskinin analizi. [Analysis of the relationship between teachers’ perception of shared leadership and organizational adherence]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Inonu University, Institute of Educational Sciences., Malatya, Turkey
  • Balci, A. (2009). Sosyal bilimlerde arastirma: Yontem, teknik ve ilkeler [Research in social sciences: methods, techniques and principles]. Ankara, Turkey: Pegem Akademi.
  • Baloglu, N. (2011). Dagitimci liderlik: Okullarda dikkate alinmasi gereken bir liderlik yaklasimi. [Distributed Leadership: A leadership approach that should be taken into account in schools]. Ahi Evran Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 12 (3), 127-148.
  • Baloglu, N. (2012). Relations between value-based leadership and distributed leadership: a casual research on school principles behaviors. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice (ESTP), Values Education Symposium Supplementary Special Issue, 12(2), Spring.
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Analysis of the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Distributed Leadership

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 65, 295 - 312, 15.10.2016

Öz

Problem Statement: The
current study’s purpose is: First, to examine the relationship between shared
leadership and distributed leadership, which, despite having many similar aspects
in theory and practice, are defined as separate concepts. Second, to compare
the two approaches and dissipate the theoretical contradictions. In this sense,
the main aim of the study is to examine administrators’ shared leadership and
distributed leadership levels, the relationships between shared leadership and
distributed leadership, and the predictive power of shared leadership over
distributed leadership.

Purpose of Study: The aim of the study is to examine, compare, and
remove the specified conceptual contradictions between the distributed
leadership and shared leadership, many similar aspects of which are highlighted
despite their different nominations.

Method: The study utilized
a relational survey model and causal design to examine the relationship between
shared leadership and distributed leadership and the predictive power of shared
leadership over distributed leadership. In the current study, shared leadership
and its sub dimensions were regarded as the independent variable, whereas
distributed leadership was used as the dependent variable in the context of
causal research design.

Findings and Results:
The findings of the study show that according to participant views,
administrators have high levels of shared leadership and distributed leadership;
however, the levels are not very high. Based on the perception of participants,
there is a positive, medium-level, and significant relationship between the
Shared Leadership Scale and the Distributed Leadership Scale. Therefore, we can
argue that there is a relationship between shared leadership and distributed
leadership, but this relationship is not very distinctive.  It is observed that all these leadership
concepts are close to one another in meaning and can be used interchangeably.
The results of this study suggest using the term “collective leadership”
instead to bridge the gap between distributed leadership and shared leadership
and prevent cognitive complexity. According to participant views,
administrators have high levels of shared leadership and distributed
leadership; however, the levels are not very high. There is a relationship
between shared leadership and distributed leadership, but this relationship is
not very distinctive. 









Recommendations:
Therefore, it can be argued that shared leadership and distributed leadership
approaches are separate leadership approaches and that it is not suitable to
use them interchangeably, although they share many common points.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, S. E., Moore, S., & Sun, J. (2008). Positioning the principals in patterns of school leadership distribution. In K. Leithwood, B. Mascall & T. Strauss (Eds.), Distributed leadership according to the evidence. New York: Routledge.
  • Bakir, A., A. (2013). Ogretmenlerin paylasilan liderlik ve orgutsel baglilik algilari arasindaki iliskinin analizi. [Analysis of the relationship between teachers’ perception of shared leadership and organizational adherence]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Inonu University, Institute of Educational Sciences., Malatya, Turkey
  • Balci, A. (2009). Sosyal bilimlerde arastirma: Yontem, teknik ve ilkeler [Research in social sciences: methods, techniques and principles]. Ankara, Turkey: Pegem Akademi.
  • Baloglu, N. (2011). Dagitimci liderlik: Okullarda dikkate alinmasi gereken bir liderlik yaklasimi. [Distributed Leadership: A leadership approach that should be taken into account in schools]. Ahi Evran Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi, 12 (3), 127-148.
  • Baloglu, N. (2012). Relations between value-based leadership and distributed leadership: a casual research on school principles behaviors. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice (ESTP), Values Education Symposium Supplementary Special Issue, 12(2), Spring.
  • Bennett, N., Harvey, J., Wise, C., & Woods, P. (2003). Distributed leadership. Retrieved 10 December 2013, from www.ncsl.org.uk/literaturereviews.
  • Bolden, R., Petrov, G., & Gosling, J. (2009). Distributed leadership in higher education. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 37(2), 257-277.
  • Bolden, R., Petrov, G., & Gosling, J. (2009). Distributed leadership in higher education: rhetoric and reality. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 37, 257.
  • Bostanci, A. B. (2012). Paylasilan liderlik algisi olceginin Turkce uyarlamasi. [Turkish version of shared leadership perception scale]. International Journal of Human Sciences, (9)2, 1619-1632.
  • Brown, M. H. (1989). Organizing activity in the women’s movement: An example of distributed leadership, international social movement research. Greenwich CT: JAI Press.
  • Burke, K., M. (2010). Distributed leadership and shared governance in post-secondary education. Management in Education, 24 (2), 51-54. Retrieved 09 January 2014, From http://ehis.ebscohost.com.
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  • Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 423–45.
  • Halverson, R. (2007). Systems of practice and professional community: The adams case. In J. P. Spillane (Ed.), Distributed leadership in practice. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Halverson, R., & Clifford, M. (2013). Distributed instructional leadership in high schools. Retrieved 20 November 2013 from http://website.education.wisc.edu.
  • Harris A., & Lambert L. (2003). Building leadership capacity for school improvement. Buckingham: Open University Press. Web: http://www.actedu.in/pdf/leadership.pdf .
  • Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership as distributed leadership: Heresy, fantasy or possibility? School Leadership & Management: Formerly School Organisation, 23(3), 313-324.
  • Harris, A. (2004). Distributed leadership and school improvement: Leading or misleading? Educational Management Administration Leadership, 32, 11-24
  • Harris, A. (2005). Leading or misleading? Distributed leadership and school improvement. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 37(3), 255–265.
  • Harris, A. (2008). Distributed leadership: According to the evidence. Journal of Educational Administration, 46(2), 172–188.
  • Harris, A., & Muijs, D. (2005). Improving schools through teacher leadership. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
  • Harris, A., & Spillane, J. (2008). Distributed leadership through the looking glass. Management in Education, 22(1), 31-34.
  • Harris, A., Leithwood, K., Sammons, P., & Hopkins, D. (2007). Distributed leadership and organizational change. Journal of Educational Change, 8(4), 337-347.
  • Harris, A., & Lambert, L. (2003). Building leadership capacity for school. Open University Press Maidenhead · Philadelphia, USA.
  • Heller, M. F., & Firestone, W. A. (1995). Who’s in charge here? Sources of leadership for change in eight schools. Elementary school Journal, 96(1), 65-86.
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  • Hulpia, H., Devos, G., & Rosseel, Y. (2009). Development and validation of scores on the distributed leadership inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69(6), 1013-1034.
  • Hulpia, H., Devos, G., Rosseel, Y. & Vlerick, P. (2012). Dimensions of distributed leadership and the impact on teachers' organizational commitment: a study in secondary education. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42 (7), 1745–1784.
  • Judge, W. Q. & Ryman J. A. (2001). The shared leadership challenged in strategic alliances Lessons from the U.S. healthcare industry. The Academy of Management Executive, 15(2), 71-79.
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  • Korkmaz, E., & Gunduz, H. B. (2011). Ilkogretim okulu yoneticilerinin dagitimci liderlik davranislarini gosterme duzeyleri. [Primary school managers' levels of showing distributed leadership manners]. Kalem Egitim ve Saglik Hizmetleri A.S.
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  • Ozer, N., & Beycioglu, K. (2013). Paylasilan liderlik olceginin gelistirilmesi: Gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismalari. [The development of shared leadership scale: Validity and reliability studies]. Ilkogretim Online, 12(1), 77-86. Retrieved 08.04.2013, from http://ilkogretimonline.org.tr.
  • Ozgur U. (2010). Kendi kendine liderlik stratejileri uzerine bir arastirma [A research on self-leadership strategies]. Ataturk Universitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), 176-177.
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  • Schlechty, P.C. (2005). Shaking up the school house, reestablishing schools (Translation: Yuksel Ozden). Ankara, Turkey: Nobel Yayincilik
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  • Sonmez, V., & Alacapinar, F. (2011). Bilimsel arastirma yontemleri. [Scientific research methods]. Ankara, Turkey: Ani Yayincilik.
  • Spillane, J. (2005). Distributed leadership. The Educational Forum, 69(2), 143–150.
  • Spillane, J. P. & Diamond, J. B. (Eds.). (2007). Distributed leadership in practice. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership (1st ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R. & Diamond, J. B. (2001). Investigating school leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Educational Researcher, 30(3), 23–28.
  • Wood, M. S. (2005). Determinants of shared leadership in management teams. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(1), 64-85.
  • Yilmaz, A. I. (2013). Ilkogretim okulu ogretmenlerinin paylasilan liderlik davranislari. [Shared leadership behaviors of primary school teachers]. Unpublished master thesis. Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Izmir, Turkey.
  • Yilmaz, E. (2006). Okullardaki orgutsel guven duzeyinin okul yoneticilerinin etik liderlik ozellikleri ve bazi degiskenler acisindan incelenmesi. [Examination of level of organizational trust in schools in terms of ethical leadership characteristics of school administrators and some variables]. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Selcuk University, Institute of Social Sciences, Konya, Turkey.
  • Yukl G. A. (1999). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories. The Leadership Quarterly 10(2), 285–305.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Suleyman Goksoy Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 65

Kaynak Göster

APA Goksoy, S. (2016). Analysis of the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Distributed Leadership. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 16(65), 295-312.
AMA Goksoy S. Analysis of the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Distributed Leadership. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. Ekim 2016;16(65):295-312.
Chicago Goksoy, Suleyman. “Analysis of the Relationship Between Shared Leadership and Distributed Leadership”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 16, sy. 65 (Ekim 2016): 295-312.
EndNote Goksoy S (01 Ekim 2016) Analysis of the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Distributed Leadership. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 16 65 295–312.
IEEE S. Goksoy, “Analysis of the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Distributed Leadership”, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, c. 16, sy. 65, ss. 295–312, 2016.
ISNAD Goksoy, Suleyman. “Analysis of the Relationship Between Shared Leadership and Distributed Leadership”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 16/65 (Ekim 2016), 295-312.
JAMA Goksoy S. Analysis of the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Distributed Leadership. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2016;16:295–312.
MLA Goksoy, Suleyman. “Analysis of the Relationship Between Shared Leadership and Distributed Leadership”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, c. 16, sy. 65, 2016, ss. 295-12.
Vancouver Goksoy S. Analysis of the Relationship between Shared Leadership and Distributed Leadership. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2016;16(65):295-312.