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The Role of Playful Science in Developing Positive Attitudes toward Teaching Science in a Science Teacher Preparation Program

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 58, 67 - 88, 29.07.2015

Öz

Problem Statement: Research studies indicate that teachers with negative
attitudes toward science tend to use didactic approaches rather than
approaches based on students’ active participation. However, the reviews
of the national academic literature in Turkey located a few research
studies on the relationship between playful science experiences and
attitudes toward science. This study examines the following components
of attitudes: a) enjoyment of learning science and b) interest and
motivation toward science, the nature of the classroom environment, and
the content of group work.
Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study was to determine
preservice science teachers’ attitudes on the roles of playfulness, content of
group work, and the class atmosphere after taking a two-semester
required science methods course.
Methods: Data were collected by a survey and an open-ended question to
examine the role of playful science experiences and positive classroom
atmosphere on preservice science teachers’ attitudes toward learning and
teaching science. Forty-two preservice teachers participated in the study,
18 males and 24 females with an average age of 20. The course was
designed to model inquiry-based science teaching, and it focused on
discrepant event demonstrations and fun and playful hands-on activities
for preservice teachers.

Kaynakça

  • Akbaş, A. (2010). Attitudes, self-efficacy and science processing skills of teaching
  • certificate master’s program (ofmae) students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research,
  • , 1-12.
  • Aalderen-Smeets, van, S.I., & Walma van der Molen, J.H., (2013). Investigating and
  • stimulating primary teachers’ attitudes towards science: Summary of a largescale
  • research project. Frontline Learning Research, 1(2), 3-11.
  • Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84 (3), 261-271.
  • Aydın, N., & Yılmaz, A. (2010). The effect of constructivist approach in chemistry
  • Education on students' higher order cognitive skills. Hacettepe University
  • Education Faculty Journal, (39), 57-68.
  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist,
  • (2), 117-148.
  • Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning.
  • Educational Psychologist, 28 (2), 117-148.
  • Bilgin, İ., & Geban, Ö.(2004). Investigating the effects of cooperative
  • learning strategy
  • and gender on preservice elementary teacher students’ attitude toward
  • science and achievement of science teaching class I, Hacettepe University
  • Education Faculty Journal, (26), 9-18.
  • Bulunuz, M., & Jarrett, O. S. (2008). Development of positive interest and attitudes
  • toward science and interest in teaching elementary science: influence of
  • inquiry methods course experiences. Paper was presented at the Teacher
  • Education Policy in Europe (TEPE), University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  • Bulunuz, M., & Jarrett, O. S. (2009). Undergraduate and masters students'
  • understanding about properties of air and the forms of reasoning used to
  • explain air phenomena. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 10
  • (2), 1-20.
  • Bulunuz, M., Jarrett, O. S., & Martin-Hansen, L. (2012). Level of inquiry as motivator
  • in an inquiry methods course for preservice elementary teachers. School
  • Science and Mathematics, 112 (6), 330-339.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2005). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı, Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Court, D. (1993). A playful environment in a cooperative physics classroom. Clearing House, 66 (5), 295-299.
  • Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and Education: an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York: The Free Press.
  • Doverborg, E., & Pramling Samuelsson, I. (1999). Apple cutting and creativity as a
  • mathematical beginning. Kindergarten Education: Theory, Research and Practice, 4 (2), 87-103.
  • Erkal, S., Kılıç, İ., & Şahin, H. (2012). Comparison of environmental attitudes of
  • university students determined via the new environmental paradigm scale
  • according to the students’ personal characteristics. Eurasian Journal of
  • Educational Research, 49, 21-40.
  • Fromberg, D. P., & Bergen, D. (1998). Play from birth to twelve and beyond: Contexts,
  • perspectives, and meanings. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.
  • Fulp, S. (2002). The status of elementary science teaching: National survey of science
  • and mathematics education. Chapel Hill, NC: Horizon Research, Inc.
  • Retrieved
  • December 20, 2005 from, http://2000survey.horizonresearch.
  • com/reports/elem_science.php.
  • Glasser, W. (1998). Choice Theory: A new psychology of personal freedom. New York:
  • Harper Perennial.
  • Goodrum, D., Hackling, M., & Rennie, L. (2001). The status and quality of science
  • teaching and learning of science in Australian schools. A research report (Canberra:
  • Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs).
  • Gregory, R. (1997). Science through play. In R. Levinson & J. Thomas (Eds.), Science
  • today: Problem or crisis? (pp. 192-205). London: Routledge.
  • Gündüz, Ş., & Aslanova, F. (2012). Usage of knowledge management tools:
  • Determination of the knowledge levels and attitudes of Azerbaijani university
  • students about environmental issues educating in Azerbaijan and TRNC.
  • Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 49/A, 349-368.
  • Harlen, W., & Holroyd, C. (1997). Primary teachers’ understanding of concepts of
  • science: Impact on confidence and teaching. International Journal of Science
  • Education, 19, 93–105.
  • Hidi, S. (2000). Motivating the academically unmotivated. Review of Educational
  • Research, 7, 151–179.
  • Jarrett, O. S. (1998). Playfulness: A motivator in elementary science teacher
  • preparation. School Science and Mathematics, 98(4), 181–187.
  • Jarrett, O. S., & Burnley, P. (2007). The role of fun, playfulness, and creativity in
  • science: Lessons from geoscientists. In D. Sluss and O. Jarrett (Eds).
  • Investigating play in the 21st Century: Play and Culture Studies, Vol. 7. Lanham,
  • MD: University Press.
  • Jarrett, O. S., & Burnley, P. (2010). Lessons on the role of fun/playfulness from a
  • geology undergraduate summer program. Journal of Geoscience Education, 58
  • (2), 213-220.
  • Kanter, D., Honwad, S., Adams, J.D., & Fernandez, A. (2011). Guiding Play for
  • Science Learning in Middle School. Children, Youth, and Environment, 21 (2),
  • -382.
  • Kean, E. (1998). Chemist and play. In D.P. Fromberg & D. Bergen (Eds.), Play from
  • birth to twelve and beyond: Context, perspectives, and meanings. (pp. 468-472).
  • New York: Garland Publishing.
  • Köseoğlu, F., & Tümay, H. (2010). The effects of learning cycle method in general
  • chemistry laboratory on students’ conceptual change, attitude and perception.
  • Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11 (1), 279-295.
  • Laszlo, P. (2004) Science as play. American Scientist, September-October. Retrieved
  • January 23, 2005 from,
  • http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AsetDetail/assetid/.
  • Lindahl, M., & Pramling Samuelsson, I. (2002). Imitation and variation: reflections
  • on toddlers’ strategies for learning. Scandinavian Journal of Educational
  • Research. 46 (1), 25-45.
  • Marton, F., & Pang, M. F. (1999). Two faces of variation. Paper presented at 8th
  • European Conference for Learning and Instruction, Göteborg, Sweden.
  • Minger, M.A., & Simpson, P. (2006) The impact of a standards-based science course
  • for preservice elementary teachers on teacher attitudes toward science
  • teaching. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 18 (2) 49-61.
  • Monighan-Nourot, P., Scales, B., Van Hoorn, J., & Almy, M. (1987). Looking at
  • children’s play: A bridge between theory and practice. New York: Teachers College
  • Press.
  • Murphy, C., & Smith, G. (2012). The impact of a curriculum course on preservice
  • primary teachers' science content knowledge and attitudes towards teaching
  • science. Irish Educational Studies, 31(1), 77-95.
  • Myers, R. E., & Fouts, J. T. (1992). A cluster analysis of high school science classroom
  • environments and attitude toward science. Journal of Research in Science
  • Teaching, 29, 929–937.
  • Osborne, J. (2003). Attitudes towards science: A review of the literature and its
  • implications. International Journal of Science Education, 25 (9), 1049-1079.
  • Ören, Ş. F., & Tezcan, R. (2009). The effectiveness of the learning cycle approach on
  • learners’ attitude toward science in seventh grade science classes of
  • elementary school. Elementary Education Online, 8 (1), 101-113.
  • Özsoy, S. (2012). A survey of Turkish pre-service science teachers' attitudes toward
  • the environment. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 46, 121-140.
  • Palmer, D. (1999). Students’ perceptions of high quality science teaching. Australian
  • Science Teachers Journal, 45 (3), 41-45.
  • Palmer, D. (2002). Preservice elementary teachers’ perceptions after visiting an
  • interactive science center. An Online Journal for Teacher Research, 5(3), 1-6.
  • Palmer, D. (2004). Situational interest and the attitudes towards science of primary
  • teacher education students. International Journal of Science Education, 26(7), 895-
  • -
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Fen Bilgisi Öğretmeni Yetiştirme Programında Oyunla Bütünleştirilmiş Fen Derslerinin Fen Öğretimine Karşı Olumlu Tutum Geliştirmedeki Rolünün Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 58, 67 - 88, 29.07.2015

Öz

Problem Durumu: Yapılan araştırmalar fen bilimlerine karşı negatif tutumu olan
öğretmenlerin bu derse daha az zaman ayırdığını, öğrencilerin ders içi etkinliklere
katılımına ve keşfetmelerine dayanan dersler yerine düz anlatım yolunu seçtiklerini
göstermektedir. Yurtdışında yapılan araştırmalar, oyun aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilen
etkinliklerin hem öğretmenin hem de öğrencilerin fen bilgisine karşı tutumlarını
olumlu yönde geliştirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak yapılan alanyazın
taramasında, ülkemizde oyunla bütünleştirilmiş fen bilgisi öğretimi/öğrenimi ile
öğretmen ya da öğretmen adaylarının tutumları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran
çalışmalara rastlanamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, tutumun fen öğrenimi ve öğretimi
deneyimlerinden duyulan mutluluk, öğretmen algısı, derse dair motivasyon, sınıf
ortamının özellikleri ve gerçekleştirilen etkinlikler konu edilmiştir.
Araştırmanın Amacı: Bu çalışmada oyun yoluyla yapılan fen bilgisi etkinlikleri, grup
çalışmaları ve pozitif sınıf atmosferinin öğretmen adaylarının fen öğrenme ve
öğretmeye karşı tutumlarıyla olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir.
Araştırmanın Yöntemi: Oyun yoluyla gerçekleştirilen fen bilgisi etkinliklerinin,
pozitif sınıf atmosferinin öğretmen adaylarının fen öğrenme ve öğretim tutumları
arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak anket ve açık uçlu bir soru
kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, bahar ve güz yarıyılında okutulan Fen Bilgisi Öğretimi ve
Laboratuar Uygulamaları I ve II dersinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya yaş
ortalamaları 20 civarında 18 erkek, 24 kız toplam 42 öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Söz
konusu derslerde araştırma ve oyun yoluyla fen öğretimi yaklaşımı esas alınmıştır.
Araştırmanın Bulguları: Öğretmen adaylarının ankete vermiş oldukları puanlar, fen
öğretimi dersi ile ilgili değişkenlerin ortalamalarının oldukça yüksek ve bu
değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Fen bilgisi öğrenimi ve
öğretimine karşı olumlu tutum geliştirmeyi en çok belirleyen değişkenlerin oyun
yoluyla işlenen etkinliklerinin fen öğrenmeyi kolaylaştırması ve bu etkinliklerin dersi
sıkıcı olmaktan kurtarması olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değişkenlerin genel tutumun
%43’ne denk geldiği saptanmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarınca en çok eğlenceli ve oyun
içeren etkinliğin a) kara kurbağası için teraryum yapma ve besin zincirini gözlemek
için onu böceklerle besleme, b) çeşitli aynalar ve merceklerle deneyler yapma, c)
atmosfer basıncının Erlenmayer üzerindeki balona basıncını keşfetme, d) hidrojen balonu yapma ve balondaki gazın yanıcı özelliği ile ilgili deneyler yapma ve e)
araştırma projesi yapmak olmuştur. Öğrencilerin yapmış olduğu değerlendirmelere
göre derste oyun gibi ve eğlenceli bulunan deneylerin ortak özellikleri şunlardır: 1)
ilginç ve süpriz etkinliklerin derste işlenmesi, 2) biyoloji ile ilgili gerçek hayattan
deneyimlerin deneyimlerin derste yaşatılması, 3) derste işlenen kavram ya da doğal
olayların görselleştirilebilmesi, 4) deneylerde yeni, sıradışı, ve beklenmedik şeylerin
yaşanması, 5) araştırma becerilerinin öğrenilmesi.
Araştırmanın Sonuçları ve Öneriler: Bu çalışmada fen öğrenimi ve öğretimine karşı
pozitif tutum geliştirmede, oyun yoluyla fen öğretiminin motivasyon içeren
özellikleri vurgulanmıştır. Yaparak-yaşayarak fen öğretiminde özellikle keşfederek
yapılan etkinliklerin eğlenceli ve oyun içermesi, öğretmenin ilgisini çekmesinin yanı
sıra, onlara fen etkinliklerini çocuklar için nasıl daha fazla oyun içerecek şekilde
işlemeleri, ilgi çekici hale getirmeleri ve daha verimli kılma konularında model
almalarını sağlayacak deneyimler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları fen
öğretiminde ilgi ve tutum geliştirmek için, fen derslerinde birçok ilgi uyandıran
farklı etkinliklerin gerçekleştirilmesinin yanı sıra, yapılan etkinliklerin oyun ile
bütünleştirilerek öğrencileri araştırma ve keşfetmeye cesaretlendirecek sınıf
ortamlarının düzenlenmesini önermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akbaş, A. (2010). Attitudes, self-efficacy and science processing skills of teaching
  • certificate master’s program (ofmae) students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research,
  • , 1-12.
  • Aalderen-Smeets, van, S.I., & Walma van der Molen, J.H., (2013). Investigating and
  • stimulating primary teachers’ attitudes towards science: Summary of a largescale
  • research project. Frontline Learning Research, 1(2), 3-11.
  • Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84 (3), 261-271.
  • Aydın, N., & Yılmaz, A. (2010). The effect of constructivist approach in chemistry
  • Education on students' higher order cognitive skills. Hacettepe University
  • Education Faculty Journal, (39), 57-68.
  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist,
  • (2), 117-148.
  • Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning.
  • Educational Psychologist, 28 (2), 117-148.
  • Bilgin, İ., & Geban, Ö.(2004). Investigating the effects of cooperative
  • learning strategy
  • and gender on preservice elementary teacher students’ attitude toward
  • science and achievement of science teaching class I, Hacettepe University
  • Education Faculty Journal, (26), 9-18.
  • Bulunuz, M., & Jarrett, O. S. (2008). Development of positive interest and attitudes
  • toward science and interest in teaching elementary science: influence of
  • inquiry methods course experiences. Paper was presented at the Teacher
  • Education Policy in Europe (TEPE), University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  • Bulunuz, M., & Jarrett, O. S. (2009). Undergraduate and masters students'
  • understanding about properties of air and the forms of reasoning used to
  • explain air phenomena. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 10
  • (2), 1-20.
  • Bulunuz, M., Jarrett, O. S., & Martin-Hansen, L. (2012). Level of inquiry as motivator
  • in an inquiry methods course for preservice elementary teachers. School
  • Science and Mathematics, 112 (6), 330-339.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2005). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı, Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Court, D. (1993). A playful environment in a cooperative physics classroom. Clearing House, 66 (5), 295-299.
  • Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and Education: an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York: The Free Press.
  • Doverborg, E., & Pramling Samuelsson, I. (1999). Apple cutting and creativity as a
  • mathematical beginning. Kindergarten Education: Theory, Research and Practice, 4 (2), 87-103.
  • Erkal, S., Kılıç, İ., & Şahin, H. (2012). Comparison of environmental attitudes of
  • university students determined via the new environmental paradigm scale
  • according to the students’ personal characteristics. Eurasian Journal of
  • Educational Research, 49, 21-40.
  • Fromberg, D. P., & Bergen, D. (1998). Play from birth to twelve and beyond: Contexts,
  • perspectives, and meanings. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.
  • Fulp, S. (2002). The status of elementary science teaching: National survey of science
  • and mathematics education. Chapel Hill, NC: Horizon Research, Inc.
  • Retrieved
  • December 20, 2005 from, http://2000survey.horizonresearch.
  • com/reports/elem_science.php.
  • Glasser, W. (1998). Choice Theory: A new psychology of personal freedom. New York:
  • Harper Perennial.
  • Goodrum, D., Hackling, M., & Rennie, L. (2001). The status and quality of science
  • teaching and learning of science in Australian schools. A research report (Canberra:
  • Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs).
  • Gregory, R. (1997). Science through play. In R. Levinson & J. Thomas (Eds.), Science
  • today: Problem or crisis? (pp. 192-205). London: Routledge.
  • Gündüz, Ş., & Aslanova, F. (2012). Usage of knowledge management tools:
  • Determination of the knowledge levels and attitudes of Azerbaijani university
  • students about environmental issues educating in Azerbaijan and TRNC.
  • Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 49/A, 349-368.
  • Harlen, W., & Holroyd, C. (1997). Primary teachers’ understanding of concepts of
  • science: Impact on confidence and teaching. International Journal of Science
  • Education, 19, 93–105.
  • Hidi, S. (2000). Motivating the academically unmotivated. Review of Educational
  • Research, 7, 151–179.
  • Jarrett, O. S. (1998). Playfulness: A motivator in elementary science teacher
  • preparation. School Science and Mathematics, 98(4), 181–187.
  • Jarrett, O. S., & Burnley, P. (2007). The role of fun, playfulness, and creativity in
  • science: Lessons from geoscientists. In D. Sluss and O. Jarrett (Eds).
  • Investigating play in the 21st Century: Play and Culture Studies, Vol. 7. Lanham,
  • MD: University Press.
  • Jarrett, O. S., & Burnley, P. (2010). Lessons on the role of fun/playfulness from a
  • geology undergraduate summer program. Journal of Geoscience Education, 58
  • (2), 213-220.
  • Kanter, D., Honwad, S., Adams, J.D., & Fernandez, A. (2011). Guiding Play for
  • Science Learning in Middle School. Children, Youth, and Environment, 21 (2),
  • -382.
  • Kean, E. (1998). Chemist and play. In D.P. Fromberg & D. Bergen (Eds.), Play from
  • birth to twelve and beyond: Context, perspectives, and meanings. (pp. 468-472).
  • New York: Garland Publishing.
  • Köseoğlu, F., & Tümay, H. (2010). The effects of learning cycle method in general
  • chemistry laboratory on students’ conceptual change, attitude and perception.
  • Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11 (1), 279-295.
  • Laszlo, P. (2004) Science as play. American Scientist, September-October. Retrieved
  • January 23, 2005 from,
  • http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AsetDetail/assetid/.
  • Lindahl, M., & Pramling Samuelsson, I. (2002). Imitation and variation: reflections
  • on toddlers’ strategies for learning. Scandinavian Journal of Educational
  • Research. 46 (1), 25-45.
  • Marton, F., & Pang, M. F. (1999). Two faces of variation. Paper presented at 8th
  • European Conference for Learning and Instruction, Göteborg, Sweden.
  • Minger, M.A., & Simpson, P. (2006) The impact of a standards-based science course
  • for preservice elementary teachers on teacher attitudes toward science
  • teaching. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 18 (2) 49-61.
  • Monighan-Nourot, P., Scales, B., Van Hoorn, J., & Almy, M. (1987). Looking at
  • children’s play: A bridge between theory and practice. New York: Teachers College
  • Press.
  • Murphy, C., & Smith, G. (2012). The impact of a curriculum course on preservice
  • primary teachers' science content knowledge and attitudes towards teaching
  • science. Irish Educational Studies, 31(1), 77-95.
  • Myers, R. E., & Fouts, J. T. (1992). A cluster analysis of high school science classroom
  • environments and attitude toward science. Journal of Research in Science
  • Teaching, 29, 929–937.
  • Osborne, J. (2003). Attitudes towards science: A review of the literature and its
  • implications. International Journal of Science Education, 25 (9), 1049-1079.
  • Ören, Ş. F., & Tezcan, R. (2009). The effectiveness of the learning cycle approach on
  • learners’ attitude toward science in seventh grade science classes of
  • elementary school. Elementary Education Online, 8 (1), 101-113.
  • Özsoy, S. (2012). A survey of Turkish pre-service science teachers' attitudes toward
  • the environment. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 46, 121-140.
  • Palmer, D. (1999). Students’ perceptions of high quality science teaching. Australian
  • Science Teachers Journal, 45 (3), 41-45.
  • Palmer, D. (2002). Preservice elementary teachers’ perceptions after visiting an
  • interactive science center. An Online Journal for Teacher Research, 5(3), 1-6.
  • Palmer, D. (2004). Situational interest and the attitudes towards science of primary
  • teacher education students. International Journal of Science Education, 26(7), 895-
  • -
  • Palmer, D. (2009). Student interest generated during an inquiry skills lesson. Journal
  • of Research in Science Teaching, 46 (2), 147-165.
  • Pearce, C.R. (1999). Nurturing inquiry: real science for the elementary classroom.
  • Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
  • Piaget, J. (1964/2003). Development and Learning. Journal of Research in Science
  • Teaching, 40, Supplement. 8-18 (Original work published in 1964).
  • Piaget, J. (1973). How a child’s mind grows. In M. Miller, The neglected years: Early
  • Childhood (pp. 24-36). New York: United Nations Children’s Fund.
  • Pramling, N., & Pramling Samuelsson, I. (2001). “It is floating ‘cause there is a hole:”
  • A young child’s experience of natural science. Early Years, 21 (2), 139-149.
  • Pramling Samuelsson, I., & Asplund Carlsson, M. (2008). The playing learning child.
  • Towards a pedagogy of early childhood. Scandinavian Journal of Educational
  • Research, 52 (6), 623-641.
  • Pramling Samuelsson, I. (2006). Teaching and learning in preschool and the first
  • years of elementary school in Sweden. In J. Einarsdottir & T. J. Wagner (Eds.),
  • Nordic early childhood education. International Perspectives on Educational Policy,
  • Research and Practice in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Seweeden. (pp.
  • -131). Greenwich: Information Age Publishing.
  • Resnick, M. (2004). Edutainment? No thanks. I prefer playful learning. Retrieved
  • August 12, 2002 from, http://llk.media.mit.edu/papers/abc.html.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic: classic definitions and new
  • directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.
  • Severeide, C.R., & Pizzini, L.E. (1984). The role of play in science. Science and Children,
  • (8), 58-61.
  • Siraj-Blatchford. J., & MacLead-Brudenell, I. (2003). Supporting science design and
  • technology in early years. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Stevens, J. P. (2002). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences, Mahwah, New
  • Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Tobias, S. (1994). Interest, prior knowledge, and learning. Review of Educational
  • Research, 64 (1), 37-54.
  • Varelas, M., Plotnick, R., Wink, D., Fan, Q., & Harris, Y. (2008). Inquiry and
  • connections in integrated science content courses for elementary education
  • majors. Journal of College Science Teaching, 37 (5), 40-45.
  • Van Aalderen-Smeets, S.I., & Walma van der Molen, J.H. (2013). Measuring
  • Primary Teachers' Attitudes Toward Teaching Science: Development of the
  • Dimensions of Attitude Toward Science (DAS) Instrument, International
  • Journal of Science Education, 35(4), 577-600.
  • Van Horn, J. L., Nourot, P. M., Scales, B.R., &. Alward. K. R. (1999). Play at the Center
  • of the Curriculum (p. 4) New Jersey : Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Wassermann, S. (1998). Teaching Strategies. Play-debrief-replay: an instructional
  • model for science. Childhood Education, 64 (4), 232-34.
  • Wedoe, L. (2001). Science and play - oil and water? Paper presented at the
  • International Council for Children’s Play, Erfurt.
  • Weiss, R. I. (1997). The status of science and mathematics teaching in the US: Comparing
  • teacher views and classroom practices to national standards. National Institute for
  • Science Education (NISE Brief), 1 (3).
Toplam 161 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mızrap Bulunuz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Sayı: 58

Kaynak Göster

APA Bulunuz, M. (2015). The Role of Playful Science in Developing Positive Attitudes toward Teaching Science in a Science Teacher Preparation Program. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research(58), 67-88.
AMA Bulunuz M. The Role of Playful Science in Developing Positive Attitudes toward Teaching Science in a Science Teacher Preparation Program. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. Temmuz 2015;(58):67-88.
Chicago Bulunuz, Mızrap. “The Role of Playful Science in Developing Positive Attitudes Toward Teaching Science in a Science Teacher Preparation Program”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, sy. 58 (Temmuz 2015): 67-88.
EndNote Bulunuz M (01 Temmuz 2015) The Role of Playful Science in Developing Positive Attitudes toward Teaching Science in a Science Teacher Preparation Program. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 58 67–88.
IEEE M. Bulunuz, “The Role of Playful Science in Developing Positive Attitudes toward Teaching Science in a Science Teacher Preparation Program”, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, sy. 58, ss. 67–88, Temmuz 2015.
ISNAD Bulunuz, Mızrap. “The Role of Playful Science in Developing Positive Attitudes Toward Teaching Science in a Science Teacher Preparation Program”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 58 (Temmuz 2015), 67-88.
JAMA Bulunuz M. The Role of Playful Science in Developing Positive Attitudes toward Teaching Science in a Science Teacher Preparation Program. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2015;:67–88.
MLA Bulunuz, Mızrap. “The Role of Playful Science in Developing Positive Attitudes Toward Teaching Science in a Science Teacher Preparation Program”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, sy. 58, 2015, ss. 67-88.
Vancouver Bulunuz M. The Role of Playful Science in Developing Positive Attitudes toward Teaching Science in a Science Teacher Preparation Program. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2015(58):67-88.