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Öğretmen Kimliğinin Gelişimini Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi: Karma Desenli Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 89, 93 - 110, 30.09.2020

Öz

Problem Durumu: Kimlik kavramı Ben kimim? Gelecekte ne olacağım? gibi soruların yanıtları ekseninde şekillenmektedir. Alanyazında kimlik kavramının kişisel hikayelerle oluşan çok yönlü bir kavram olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte alanyazın kimlik kavramının sosyal bir biçimde oluşturulduğu ve bireylerin diğerleri ile olan etkileşimleriyle yorumlanması gerektiğini öne sürmektedir. Kişinin mesleki kimliği bireyi tanımlayan ve belirginleştiren rolleridir. Bireyin mesleki kimliğinin, bireyin bir gruba, bir mesleğe ve bu mesleğin norm ve değerlerine olan aidiyeti ile de ilişkili olduğu söylenebilir. Öğretmenlerin mesleki kimliklerinin yorumlanmasının bireysel bir biçimde ve topluluk olarak gerçekleştiği ifade edilebilir. Kimlik kavramının özellikleri içinde bulunduğu bağlama göre değişmekte ve gelişmektedir. Day ve Kington (2008)’ a göre kimlik, beklentiler, sosyal roller, iş yükü, iş algısı ve gelişimi gibi bileşenleri içermektedir. Coldron ve Smith (1999)’e göre ise öğretme öğrenme süreçlerindeki tercihlerin mesleki kimlik oluşumunda önemli etkileri bulunmaktadır. Kurumların ve uygulanan politikaların da mesleki kimliğin gelişiminde ve değişiminde önemli role sahip olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Duygular, düşünceler ve eylemler de mesleki kimliğin gelişiminde etkide bulunan faktörlerdendir. Araştırmalar öğretmen eğitimi sürecinin öğretmen kimliğinin oluşmasında oldukça önemli bir yere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu önemli süreçte öğretmen adayları öğretmenlik rollerini içselleştirebilir, öz-yeterliklerinin ve gelecekte karşılaşabilecekleri olumsuzluklarla başa çıkma kapasitelerinin farkına varabilirler.

Araştırmanın Amacı: Öğretmen kimliğinin gelişiminin önemi nedeniyle, öğretmen eğitiminin öğretmen benliğinin araştırılmasıyla başlaması, titiz ve çağdaş bir biçimde ve entelektüel arka plana sahip bir biçimde sürdürülmesi gerektiği ifade edilmektedir. Türkiye bağlamında öğretmen adaylarının mesleki kimliklerini etkileyen faktörlere ilişkin çok fazla araştırmaya rastlanamamıştır. Bu nedenle, öğretmen eğitimi sürecinde öğretmen kimliğine yönelik araştırmaların yapılmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, araştırmanın amacı şu sorulara yanıt aramaktır.
1. Öğretmen adaylarının mesleki kimliği etkileyen etmenlere yönelik algılarının düzeyi nedir?
2. Öğretmen adaylarının mesleki kimliği etkileyen etmenlere yönelik düşünceleri nelerdir?
3. Araştırmanın nitel verilerinden elde edilen bulgular öğretmen kimliğini detaylı bir biçimde açıklamada ne kadar etkilidir?

Araştırmanın Yöntemi: Araştırmada açıklayıcı sıralı karma yöntem deseninin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada önce nicel veriler toplanmış daha sonra nitel veriler elde edilmiştir. Açıklayıcı sıralı karma yöntem deseninin kullanılmasındaki amaç birinci nicel aşamadaki verilerin derinlemesine açıklanmasının sağlanmasıdır. Araştırmanın evrenini Anadolu Üniversitesi üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıflarda öğrenim gören öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada amaçlı örnekleme tekniklerinden tabakalı örnekleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın birinci aşamasında kullanılan ölçme aracının öğretmenlik uygulamasına ilişkin sorulara yer vermesi ve uygulama boyutunun hizmet öncesinde öğretmen kimliğinin oluşumunda oldukça önemli olduğu düşüncesinden hareketle “öğretmenlik uygulaması” ve “okul deneyimi” derslerini almış olan üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören öğretmen adayları araştırmanın örnekleminde tabaka olarak ele alınmıştır. 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında bu tabakada yer alan 364 öğretmen adayı araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın nitel boyutunda ise maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel aşamasına katılmış, farklı bölümlerde öğrenim gören 14 öğretmen adayı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler 19.03 ila 72.30 dakika arasında sürmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • Aykac, N., Yildirim, K., Altinkurt, Y., & Marsh, M. M. (2017). Understanding the underlying factors affecting the perception of pre-service teachers’ teacher identity: A new instrument to support teacher education. Universitepark Bulten, 6(1), 67-78.
  • Bacakoglu, G. (2018). Ogretmen adaylarinin ogretmenlik kimliklerini gelistirmelerinde etkili olan faktorlerin degerlendirilmesi. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mugla, Turkey: Mugla Sitki Kocman University.
  • Beauchamp, C., & Thomas, L. (2009). Understanding teacher identity: An overview of issues in the literature and implications for teacher education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 39(2), 175-189.
  • Beijaard, D. (1995). Teachers’ prior experiences and actual perceptions of professional identity. Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice, 1(2), 281-94.
  • Beijaard, D., Meijer, P. C., & Verloop, N. (2004). Reconsidering research on teachers’ professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20, 107- 128.
  • Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers, D., Campbell, C., & Walter, F. (2016). Member checking: a tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation?. Qualitative health research, 26(13), 1802-1811
  • Brown, T. (2006). Negotiating psychological disturbance in pre-service teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 675-689.
  • Bullough, R., Knowles, J., & Crow, N. (1992). Emerging as a Teacher. London, UK: Routledge
  • Bukor, E. (2015). Exploring teacher identity from a holistic perspective: Reconstructing and reconnecting personal and professional selves. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 21(3), 305-327
  • Coldron, J., & Smith, R. (1999). Active location in teachers’ construction of their professional identities. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 31(6), 711-726.
  • Coward, F. L., Hamman, D., Johnson, L., Lambert, M., Indiatsi, J., & Zhou, L. (2015). Centrality of enactive experiences, framing, and motivation to student teachers’ emerging professional identity. Teaching Education, 26(2), 196-221
  • Crabtree, B. F., & Miller, W. L. (1999). Using codes and code manuals: A template organizing style of interpretation. In B. F. Crabtree & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Doing qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 163-177). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Creswell, J., W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. California: SAGE Publication
  • Creswell, J., W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Day, C., & Kington, A. (2008). Identity, well‐being and effectiveness: The emotional contexts of teaching, Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 16(1), 7-23.
  • DiCicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40, 314-321.
  • Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013). Achieving integration in mixed methods designs-principles and practices. Health services research, 48(6), 2134-2156.
  • Galman, S. (2009). Doth the lady protest too much? Pre-service teachers and the experience of dissonance as a catalyst for development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(3), 468-481.
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
  • Grudnoff, L. (2011). Rethinking the practicum: Limitations and possibilities. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 39, 223–234.
  • Hesse-Biber, S. (2018). Gender differences in psychosocial and medical outcomes stemming from testing positive for the BRCA1/2 genetic mutation for breast cancer: An explanatory sequential mixed methods study. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 12(3), 280-304.
  • Ivanova, I., & Skara-Mincane, R. (2016). Development of professional identity during teacher's practice. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 529-536.
  • Ivankova, N. V., Creswell, J. W., & Stick, S. L. (2006). Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: From theory to practice. Field Methods, 18(1), 3–20.
  • Izadinia, M. (2015). A closer look at the role of mentor teachers in shaping preservice teachers' professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 52, 1-10.
  • Kavrayici. C. & Agaoglu, E. (2020). Ogretmenlerin mesleki kimlik algilari ve orgutsel bagliliklari arasındaki iliski. Baskent University Journal of Education, 7(2), 409-427
  • King, N. (2004). Using templates in the thematic analysis of text. In G. Symon & C. Cassell (Eds.), Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research (pp. 256-270). London, England: Sage.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly, CA:Sage.
  • McDermott, M. (2002). Collaging pre-service teacher identity. Teacher Education Quarterly, 29(4), 53-68.
  • Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self and society: From the standpoint of a social behaviorist. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Merseth, K. K., Sommer, J., & Dickstein, S. (2008). Bridging worlds: Changes in personal and professional identities of pre-service urban teachers. Teacher Education Quarterly, 35(3), 89-108.
  • Mockler, N. (2011). Beyond ‘what works’: Understanding teacher identity as a practical and political tool. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 17(5), 517-528.
  • Moore, A., G. Edwards, D. Halpin, & R. George. (2002). Compliance, resistance and pragmatism: The (re)construction of schoolteacher identities in a period of intensive educational reform. British Educational Research Journal 28: 551–65.
  • Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 9-18.
  • Newman, C. S. (1997). Seeds of professional identity: Case studies of five preservice teachers’ dream and goals. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. U.S.A, Kent State University
  • Nur'Aini, S. (2018). Identity-agency and life-course agency of English teachers in Tegal City, Banyumasan area, Indonesia: Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealandi
  • Ohlen, J., & Segesten, K. (1998). The professional identity of the nurse: concept analysis and development. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(4), 720–727.
  • Olesen, H.S. (2001), Professional identity as learning processes in life histories. Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol. 13 No 7(8), pp. 290-297.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2007). Validity and qualitative research: An oxymoron?. Quality & Quantity, 41(2), 233-249.
  • Ottesen, E. (2007). Teachers “in the making”: Building accounts of teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(5), 612-623.
  • Reio, T. G. J. (2005). Emotions as a lens to explore teacher identity and change: A commentary. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(8), 985-993.
  • Rodgers, C., & Scott, K. (2008). The development of the personal self and professional identity in learning to teach. In M. Cochran-Smith, S. Feiman-Nemser, D.J. McIntyre and K.E. Demers (Eds.), Handbook of research on teacher education: Enduring questions and changing contexts (pp. 732-755). New York: Routledge.
  • Sachs, J. (2005). Teacher education and the development of professional identity: Learning to be a teacher. In P. Denicolo and M. Kompf (Eds.), Connecting policy and practice: Challenges for teaching and learning in schools and universities (p. 5–21). Oxford: Routledge.
  • Varelas, M., House, R., & Wenzel, S. (2005). Beginning teachers immersed in to science: Scientist and science teacher identities. Science Education, 89, 492-516.
  • Wenger, E. (1999). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge university press.
  • Yildirim, A. & Simsek H. (2016) Sosyal bilimlerde nitel arastirma yontemleri, Seckin Yayincilik. Ankara

Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Teacher Identity Development of Pre-Service Teachers: A Mixed Method Study

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 89, 93 - 110, 30.09.2020

Öz

Purpose: The definition of teacher identity is based on the interpretation of the meanings in educational environment and daily life experiences. The literature highlights that teacher education experiences have a central role in teacher identity construction. It is evident that exploring teacher identity is crucial during the process of teacher education. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the factors affecting teacher identity development in the process of teacher education.

Research Methods: Sequential explanatory mixed method design was employed in this study. The aim of sequential explanatory mixed-method design is to have the qualitative data explain the quantitative results of the first phase in more detail.

Findings: The findings focused on personal characteristics and teaching practices.
The results of the study revealed that personal characteristics and teaching practices during teacher education are the most important factors affecting the development of pre-service teacher identity whereas media effect and close social environment are the factors, which have low effect on developing teacher identity.

Implications for Research and Practice: It is observed that teacher identity hasn’t been widely researched in Turkish education context. Therefore, teacher identity studies should be carried out in different population and samples. So, effects of many macro factors such as; social, political, economic ones, and micro factors such as; socio-economic background, branch differences of pre-service teachers in developing teacher identity should be investigated.

Kaynakça

  • Aykac, N., Yildirim, K., Altinkurt, Y., & Marsh, M. M. (2017). Understanding the underlying factors affecting the perception of pre-service teachers’ teacher identity: A new instrument to support teacher education. Universitepark Bulten, 6(1), 67-78.
  • Bacakoglu, G. (2018). Ogretmen adaylarinin ogretmenlik kimliklerini gelistirmelerinde etkili olan faktorlerin degerlendirilmesi. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mugla, Turkey: Mugla Sitki Kocman University.
  • Beauchamp, C., & Thomas, L. (2009). Understanding teacher identity: An overview of issues in the literature and implications for teacher education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 39(2), 175-189.
  • Beijaard, D. (1995). Teachers’ prior experiences and actual perceptions of professional identity. Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice, 1(2), 281-94.
  • Beijaard, D., Meijer, P. C., & Verloop, N. (2004). Reconsidering research on teachers’ professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20, 107- 128.
  • Birt, L., Scott, S., Cavers, D., Campbell, C., & Walter, F. (2016). Member checking: a tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation?. Qualitative health research, 26(13), 1802-1811
  • Brown, T. (2006). Negotiating psychological disturbance in pre-service teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22, 675-689.
  • Bullough, R., Knowles, J., & Crow, N. (1992). Emerging as a Teacher. London, UK: Routledge
  • Bukor, E. (2015). Exploring teacher identity from a holistic perspective: Reconstructing and reconnecting personal and professional selves. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 21(3), 305-327
  • Coldron, J., & Smith, R. (1999). Active location in teachers’ construction of their professional identities. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 31(6), 711-726.
  • Coward, F. L., Hamman, D., Johnson, L., Lambert, M., Indiatsi, J., & Zhou, L. (2015). Centrality of enactive experiences, framing, and motivation to student teachers’ emerging professional identity. Teaching Education, 26(2), 196-221
  • Crabtree, B. F., & Miller, W. L. (1999). Using codes and code manuals: A template organizing style of interpretation. In B. F. Crabtree & W. L. Miller (Eds.), Doing qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 163-177). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Creswell, J., W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. California: SAGE Publication
  • Creswell, J., W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Day, C., & Kington, A. (2008). Identity, well‐being and effectiveness: The emotional contexts of teaching, Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 16(1), 7-23.
  • DiCicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40, 314-321.
  • Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013). Achieving integration in mixed methods designs-principles and practices. Health services research, 48(6), 2134-2156.
  • Galman, S. (2009). Doth the lady protest too much? Pre-service teachers and the experience of dissonance as a catalyst for development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 25(3), 468-481.
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
  • Grudnoff, L. (2011). Rethinking the practicum: Limitations and possibilities. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 39, 223–234.
  • Hesse-Biber, S. (2018). Gender differences in psychosocial and medical outcomes stemming from testing positive for the BRCA1/2 genetic mutation for breast cancer: An explanatory sequential mixed methods study. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 12(3), 280-304.
  • Ivanova, I., & Skara-Mincane, R. (2016). Development of professional identity during teacher's practice. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 232, 529-536.
  • Ivankova, N. V., Creswell, J. W., & Stick, S. L. (2006). Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: From theory to practice. Field Methods, 18(1), 3–20.
  • Izadinia, M. (2015). A closer look at the role of mentor teachers in shaping preservice teachers' professional identity. Teaching and Teacher Education, 52, 1-10.
  • Kavrayici. C. & Agaoglu, E. (2020). Ogretmenlerin mesleki kimlik algilari ve orgutsel bagliliklari arasındaki iliski. Baskent University Journal of Education, 7(2), 409-427
  • King, N. (2004). Using templates in the thematic analysis of text. In G. Symon & C. Cassell (Eds.), Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research (pp. 256-270). London, England: Sage.
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly, CA:Sage.
  • McDermott, M. (2002). Collaging pre-service teacher identity. Teacher Education Quarterly, 29(4), 53-68.
  • Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self and society: From the standpoint of a social behaviorist. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Merseth, K. K., Sommer, J., & Dickstein, S. (2008). Bridging worlds: Changes in personal and professional identities of pre-service urban teachers. Teacher Education Quarterly, 35(3), 89-108.
  • Mockler, N. (2011). Beyond ‘what works’: Understanding teacher identity as a practical and political tool. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 17(5), 517-528.
  • Moore, A., G. Edwards, D. Halpin, & R. George. (2002). Compliance, resistance and pragmatism: The (re)construction of schoolteacher identities in a period of intensive educational reform. British Educational Research Journal 28: 551–65.
  • Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2018). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 3: Sampling, data collection and analysis. European Journal of General Practice, 24(1), 9-18.
  • Newman, C. S. (1997). Seeds of professional identity: Case studies of five preservice teachers’ dream and goals. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. U.S.A, Kent State University
  • Nur'Aini, S. (2018). Identity-agency and life-course agency of English teachers in Tegal City, Banyumasan area, Indonesia: Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealandi
  • Ohlen, J., & Segesten, K. (1998). The professional identity of the nurse: concept analysis and development. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(4), 720–727.
  • Olesen, H.S. (2001), Professional identity as learning processes in life histories. Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol. 13 No 7(8), pp. 290-297.
  • Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2007). Validity and qualitative research: An oxymoron?. Quality & Quantity, 41(2), 233-249.
  • Ottesen, E. (2007). Teachers “in the making”: Building accounts of teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(5), 612-623.
  • Reio, T. G. J. (2005). Emotions as a lens to explore teacher identity and change: A commentary. Teaching and Teacher Education, 21(8), 985-993.
  • Rodgers, C., & Scott, K. (2008). The development of the personal self and professional identity in learning to teach. In M. Cochran-Smith, S. Feiman-Nemser, D.J. McIntyre and K.E. Demers (Eds.), Handbook of research on teacher education: Enduring questions and changing contexts (pp. 732-755). New York: Routledge.
  • Sachs, J. (2005). Teacher education and the development of professional identity: Learning to be a teacher. In P. Denicolo and M. Kompf (Eds.), Connecting policy and practice: Challenges for teaching and learning in schools and universities (p. 5–21). Oxford: Routledge.
  • Varelas, M., House, R., & Wenzel, S. (2005). Beginning teachers immersed in to science: Scientist and science teacher identities. Science Education, 89, 492-516.
  • Wenger, E. (1999). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge university press.
  • Yildirim, A. & Simsek H. (2016) Sosyal bilimlerde nitel arastirma yontemleri, Seckin Yayincilik. Ankara
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ceyhun Kavrayıcı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8878-6102

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 89

Kaynak Göster

APA Kavrayıcı, C. (2020). Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Teacher Identity Development of Pre-Service Teachers: A Mixed Method Study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 20(89), 93-110.
AMA Kavrayıcı C. Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Teacher Identity Development of Pre-Service Teachers: A Mixed Method Study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. Eylül 2020;20(89):93-110.
Chicago Kavrayıcı, Ceyhun. “Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Teacher Identity Development of Pre-Service Teachers: A Mixed Method Study”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 20, sy. 89 (Eylül 2020): 93-110.
EndNote Kavrayıcı C (01 Eylül 2020) Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Teacher Identity Development of Pre-Service Teachers: A Mixed Method Study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 20 89 93–110.
IEEE C. Kavrayıcı, “Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Teacher Identity Development of Pre-Service Teachers: A Mixed Method Study”, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, c. 20, sy. 89, ss. 93–110, 2020.
ISNAD Kavrayıcı, Ceyhun. “Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Teacher Identity Development of Pre-Service Teachers: A Mixed Method Study”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 20/89 (Eylül 2020), 93-110.
JAMA Kavrayıcı C. Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Teacher Identity Development of Pre-Service Teachers: A Mixed Method Study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2020;20:93–110.
MLA Kavrayıcı, Ceyhun. “Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Teacher Identity Development of Pre-Service Teachers: A Mixed Method Study”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, c. 20, sy. 89, 2020, ss. 93-110.
Vancouver Kavrayıcı C. Evaluation of the Factors Affecting Teacher Identity Development of Pre-Service Teachers: A Mixed Method Study. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2020;20(89):93-110.