Assessment of Fluoride Intake in Children According to the World Health Organization and European Union Guidelines

Öz

Aims: The purpose of this review is to consider the assessment of integrated fluoride exposure and “tolerable daily intake” in children including bottle-fed infants according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and European Union (EU) guidelines. Background: All people have the right to access drinking-water that is safe for human consumption, and it is the responsibility of the governments to regulate the supply and distribution of drinking-water that is essential to sustain life with respect to international health regulations and human rights. National drinking-water standards must be based on varying environmental, socio-cultural, socio-economic, dietary, and other factors affecting potential exposure. Total daily fluoride intake may vary depending on the different sources of exposure that are for instance, fluoride concentration in the air, drinking water and the amount consumed, levels in food and beverages and using dental preparations. The impact of fluoride is estimated based on the exposure duration and factors such as age i.e., daily mg dose per kg of body weight. Bottle-fed infants are considered as a high exposure group relative to their body weights. Therefore, the risk should be separately assessed for every life stage, especially children under 3 years old, partially breastfed and formula fed infants, certainly pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. Conclusion: In this article, the “Guideline Value” and “Tolerable Daily Intake” for children which do not result in any significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption will be explained. Additionally, this review will keep light on public health, especially children's health, in evaluating fluoride intake and it can improve national drinking-water quality based on fluoridation and derogation which is in progress to eliminate high values.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• child health
• infant formula
• fluoride exposure
• tolerable daily intake

Çocuklarda Florür alımının Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve Avrupa Birliği Kılavuzlarına Göre Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaçlar: Bu derlemenin amacı, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) ve Avrupa Birliği (AB) kılavuzlarına göre biberonla beslenen bebekler de dahil olmak üzere çocuklarda entegre florür maruziyeti ve “tolere edilebilir günlük alım” değerlendirmesini ele almaktır. Tüm insanlar, insan tüketimi için güvenli içme suyuna erişim hakkına sahiptir ve uluslararası sağlık düzenlemeleri ve insan haklarına uygun olarak, yaşamı sürdürmek için gerekli olan içme suyunun temini ve dağıtımını düzenlemek hükümetlerin sorumluluğundadır. Ulusal içme suyu standartları, değişen çevresel, sosyo-kültürel, sosyo-ekonomik, diyet ve potansiyel maruziyeti etkileyen diğer faktörlere dayanmalıdır. Toplam günlük florür alımı, örneğin havadaki florür konsantrasyonu, içme suyu ve tüketilen miktar, yiyecek ve içeceklerdeki seviyeler ve diş preparatlarının kullanımı gibi farklı maruziyet kaynaklarına bağlı olarak değişebilir. Florürün etkisi, maruz kalma süresine ve yaş, yani vücut ağırlığının kg'ı başına günlük mg doz gibi faktörlere dayalı olarak tahmin edilir. Biberonla beslenen bebekler, vücut ağırlıklarına göre yüksek maruziyet grubu olarak kabul edilir. Bu nedenle risk, özellikle 3 yaş altı çocuklar, kısmen anne sütü ve formül mama ile beslenen bebekler, kesinlikle hamile ve emziren anneler olmak üzere her yaşam evresi için ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmelidir. Sonuç: Bu makalede, çocuklar için ömür boyu tüketildiğinde sağlık açısından önemli bir risk oluşturmayan “Kılavuz Değer” ve “Tolere Edilebilir Günlük Alım” açıklanacaktır. Ek olarak, bu derleme, florür alımının değerlendirilmesinde başta çocuk sağlığı olmak üzere halk sağlığına ışık tutacak ve yüksek değerleri ortadan kaldırmak için sürmekte olan floridasyon ve derogasyona dayalı ulusal içme suyu kalitesini iyileştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• çocuk sağlığı
• bebek maması
• florür maruziyeti
• tolere edilebilir günlük alım

Kaynakça

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