Inhibition Effect of Different Propolis Extracts against Fusarium solani in vitro

Abstract

Propolis is a natural brownish by-product created by honey bees. Due to the antimicrobial components it contains, propolis has been widely tested against important fungal pathogens that cause agricultural damage. The diluent used in the extraction of propolis causes differences in the total phenolic compounds and antimicrobial properties of propolis. Fusarium solani, division Ascomycota, is infectious to many cultivated crops such as peas, beans, potatoes, cucurbits, and maize, resulting in significant crop losses. In most plants, it generally leads to rot, wilt and necrotic spots and eventual plant death. In this study, the antifungal effect of propolis collected from Bingöl province of Turkey was evaluated against, with a total of 9 groups of applications. In order to determine the differences between preparations and the critical dose levels, 3 different preparations (Ethanol, (Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and pure propolis purified by supercritical fluid extraction method) were applied in 3 different concentrations (100µl, 200µl, and 600µl) in PDA medium. The statistical results of the study showed that pure extracts of propolis are more effective at increasing doses (around 30% for 600 µl) against the mycelial growth of pathogen. Furthermore, ethanol extracts of propolis showed a moderate antifungal effect (around 33% for 600 µl), while the DMSO extracts were less effective (around 58% for 600 µl). This study is the first report showing the fungicidal activity of pure propolis purified by the SFE method using CO2 on F. solani. The results of this study may shed light on the development of drug-based strategies against fungal-borne phytopathogens in the future studies.

Keywords

• F. solani
• DMSO
• ethanol
• pure propolis
• Turkey

Farklı Propolis Ekstraktlarının Fusarium solani'ye Karşı Antifungal Etkisi

Öz

Propolis, bal arıları tarafından oluşturulan doğal kahverengimsi bir yan üründür. Propolis, içerdiği antimikrobiyal bileşenler nedeniyle tarımsal hasara neden olan önemli fungal patojenlere karşı yaygın olarak test edilmiştir. Propolisin ekstraksiyonunda kullanılan seyreltici, propolisin toplam fenolik bileşikleri ve antimikrobiyal özelliklerinde farklılıklara neden olur. Ascomycota şubesinde yer alan Fusarium solani, bezelye, fasulye, patates, kabakgiller ve mısır gibi birçok bitki türü için infeksiyözdür ve önemli ürün kayıplarına neden olur. Çoğu bitkide genellikle çürümeye, solgunluğa ve nekrotik lekelere ve sonunda bitki ölümüne yol açar. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin Bingöl ilinden toplanan propolisin antifungal etkisi toplam 9 uygulama grubu ile değerlendirilmiştir. Preparatlar ve kritik doz seviyeleri arasındaki farkları belirlemek için 3 farklı preparasyon (Etanol, (Dimetil sülfoksit (DMSO) ve süperkritik sıvı ekstraksiyon yöntemi ile saflaştırılmış saf propolis) 3 farklı konsantrasyonda (100µl, 200µl ve 600µl) uygulanmıştır. ) PDA ortamında. Çalışmanın istatistiksel sonuçları, saf propolis ekstraktlarının artan dozlarda (600 µl için yaklaşık %30) patojenin misel büyümesine karşı daha etkili olduğunu gösterdi. Ayrıca, propolisin etanol özleri orta düzeyde bir antifungal etki gösterirken (600 µl için yaklaşık %33), DMSO özleri daha az etkiliydi (600 µl için yaklaşık %58). Bu çalışma, F. solani üzerinde CO2 kullanılarak SFE yöntemiyle saflaştırılmış saf propolisin fungisidal aktivitesini gösteren ilk rapordur. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, gelecekteki çalışmalarda fungal kaynaklı fitopatojenlere karşı ilaç bazlı stratejilerin geliştirilmesine ışık tutabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• F. solani
• DMSO
• etanol
• saf propolis
• antifungal aktivite

Kaynakça

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