Geology and Geochemistry of Copper Mineralization of Volcanic Rocks Due to Quartz Veins in Western Part of Almus (TOKAT-TURKEY)
Yıl 2022,
, 5 - 9, 31.03.2022
Cihan Yalçın
,
Mustafa Kumral
,
Mustafa Kaya
,
Muhittin Karaman
Öz
It is recognized that magmatic activities have occurred along the Izmir Erzincan suture due to the closure of the Tethyan ocean. In the western part of Almus (Tokat), which is situated around this suture zone, quartz veins along the fracture lines are observed in the volcanics owing to the magmatism. There are copper enrichments along the quartz veins with an average thickness of 70 cm in volcanic rocks. Mineralization occurred as vein type and epigenetic formation. Paragenesis consists of bornite, covellite, pyrite, magnetite in ore forming phase and goethite, malachite and azurite in supergeneous phase. In geochemical analyzes, the CuO value near the surface reaches 23% due to the presence of malachite and azurites also 0.03% in non-oxidized zones. This enrichment along the secondary quartz veins in the fracture lines of Eocene volcanic rocks is associated to the effect of the extension regime in the region.
Kaynakça
- A.M.C. Şengör, Y. Yılmaz, Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach, Tectonophysics, 75(3-4), 181193203-190199241, 1981.
- Y. Yılmaz, O. Tüysüz, E. Yigitbas, S.C. Genç, A.M.C. Şengör, Geology and tectonic evolution of the Pontides, In: A.G. Robinson (Ed), Regional and Petroleum Geology of the Black Sea and Surrounding Region. American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Memoir, 68, 1997a.
- A. I. Okay, O. Tüysüz, Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156 (1) , 475 515, 1999.
- G. Göçmengil, Z. Karacık, Ş. C. Genç, Volcano Stratigraphic Investigation of the Post-Collisional Middle Eocene Magmatism Around İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone (NE, Turkey), Geological Bulletin of Turkey, 61 (2018), 131-162 doi: 10.25288/tjb.414013, 2018.
- M. Keskin, Ş.C. Genç, O. Tüysüz, Petrology and geochemistry of post-collisional Middle Eocene volcanic units in North-Central Turkey: evidence for magma generation by slab breakoff following the closure of the Northern Neotethys Ocean, Lithos, 104 (1), 267-305, 2008.
- E. S. Platzman, J. P. Platt, G. Tapirdamaz, M. Sanver, C.C. Rundle, Why are there no clockwise rotations along the North Anatolian Fault Zone?, Journal of Geophysical Reseach All Series, 99, (B11), 21705-21715, 1994.
- A. Yilmaz, T. Ercan, Tokat ile Sivas Arasinda Yer Alan Yildizdagi Gabrosu’nun Petrokimyasal Özellikleri, Jeoloji Mühendisligi, 20, 11-16, 1984.
- E. Bozkurt, A. Koçyiğit, The Kazova basin: an active negative flower structure on the Almus Fault Zone, a splay fault system of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey, Tectonophysics, 265(3-4), 239-254. 1996.
- A. Özcan, A. Aksay, Tokat-Turhal-Almus-Çamlıbel Dolayının Jeolojisi, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Rapor No: 9972, 1996.
- Y. Yılmaz, H.S. Serdar, C. Genç, E. Yigitbaş, Ö.F. Gürer, A. Elmas, M. Yildirim, O. Gürpinar, The geology and evolution of the Tokat Massif, south-central Pontides, Turkey, International Geology Review, 39(4), 365-382, 1997b.
- M. Sümengen, 1:100000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları, No.188, Tokat- H37 paftası, Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Jeolojik Etüdler Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye, 2013a.
- M. Sümengen, 1:100000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları, No.188, Tokat- H38 paftası, Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Jeolojik Etüdler Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye, 2013b.
- V. Işık, Torosların Jeolojisi; Türkiye Jeolojisi Ders Notu, Ankara Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Ankara, 2016.
- P. Marchev, M. Kaiser-Rohrmeier, C. Heinrich, M. Ovtcharova, A. von Quadt, R. Raicheva, 2: Hydrothermal Ore Deposits Related to Post-Orogenic Extensional Magmatism and Core Complex Formation: The Rhodope Massif of Bulgaria And Greece, Ore Geol Rev 27:53–89. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.07.027, 2005.
- M. Esmaeli, M. Lotfi, N. Nezafati, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Study of the Khalyfehlou Copper Deposit, Southeast Zanjan, Iran, Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8 (11): 9625- 9633, 2015.
- S. Rajabpour, M. Behzadi, S.Y. Jiang, I. Rasa, B. Lehmann et al., Sulfide Chemistry and Sulfur Isotope Characteristics of the Cenozoic Volcanic-Hosted Kuh-Pang Copper Deposit, Saveh County, Northwestern Central Iran, Ore Geology Reviews 86:563-583, 2017.
- S. Shahbazi, M. Ghaderi, P. Alfonso, Mineralogy, Alteration, and Sulfur Isotope Geochemistry of the Zehabad Intermediate-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit. NW Iran, Tur. J. Earth Sci. 28, 882–901, 2019.
- C. Yalçın, M. Kumral, M. Kaya, M. Karaman, Hasenekevleri (Maden-Elazığ) Güneyindeki Diyabazlarda Gelişen Hidrotermal Cu Cevherleşmesinin Jeolojisi ve Alterasyon Jeokimyası, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 1282-1296. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.630452, 2020.
- C. Yalçın, M. Kumral, Z.B. Aydın, C. Korkmaz, A. Gürsoy, O. Aksoy, “Kuzuluk (Sakarya) Bölgesindeki Eosen Yaşlı Tüflerde Gözlenen Cu-Zn Cevherleşmesinin Jeokimyası ve CBS Ortamında Analizi”, 1st International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences (ICAENS 2021), Proceeding Book, p. 1066-1071, ISBN: 978-625-00-0389-3, November 1-3, Konya, Turkey, 2021.
- C. Yalçın, M. Kaya, M. Karaman, M. Kumral, “Almus (Tokat) Bölgesindeki Eosen Yaşlı Volkano-sedimanter Kayaçlar İçinde Gözlenen Damar Tipi Cu Cevherleşmesinin Mineralojik–Kimyasal ve Kükürt İzotopları Bileşimi Özellikleri”, Uluslararası Çevrimiçi Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Konferansı (IOCENS’ 21), Abstract Book, s. 177, 5-7 Temmuz 2021, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 47, ISBN: 978‐605‐4838‐27‐1, Gümüşhane, Türkiye, 2021.
Geology and Geochemistry of Copper Mineralization of Volcanic Rocks Due to Quartz Veins in Western Part of Almus (TOKAT-TURKEY)
Yıl 2022,
, 5 - 9, 31.03.2022
Cihan Yalçın
,
Mustafa Kumral
,
Mustafa Kaya
,
Muhittin Karaman
Öz
It is recognized that magmatic activities have occurred along the Izmir Erzincan suture due to the closure of the Tethyan ocean. In the western part of Almus (Tokat), which is situated around this suture zone, quartz veins along the fracture lines are observed in the volcanics owing to the magmatism. There are copper enrichments along the quartz veins with an average thickness of 70 cm in volcanic rocks. Mineralization occurred as vein type and epigenetic formation. Paragenesis consists of bornite, covellite, pyrite, magnetite in ore forming phase and goethite, malachite and azurite in supergeneous phase. In geochemical analyzes, the CuO value near the surface reaches 23% due to the presence of malachite and azurites also 0.03% in non-oxidized zones. This enrichment along the secondary quartz veins in the fracture lines of Eocene volcanic rocks is associated to the effect of the extension regime in the region.
Kaynakça
- A.M.C. Şengör, Y. Yılmaz, Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach, Tectonophysics, 75(3-4), 181193203-190199241, 1981.
- Y. Yılmaz, O. Tüysüz, E. Yigitbas, S.C. Genç, A.M.C. Şengör, Geology and tectonic evolution of the Pontides, In: A.G. Robinson (Ed), Regional and Petroleum Geology of the Black Sea and Surrounding Region. American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Memoir, 68, 1997a.
- A. I. Okay, O. Tüysüz, Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156 (1) , 475 515, 1999.
- G. Göçmengil, Z. Karacık, Ş. C. Genç, Volcano Stratigraphic Investigation of the Post-Collisional Middle Eocene Magmatism Around İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone (NE, Turkey), Geological Bulletin of Turkey, 61 (2018), 131-162 doi: 10.25288/tjb.414013, 2018.
- M. Keskin, Ş.C. Genç, O. Tüysüz, Petrology and geochemistry of post-collisional Middle Eocene volcanic units in North-Central Turkey: evidence for magma generation by slab breakoff following the closure of the Northern Neotethys Ocean, Lithos, 104 (1), 267-305, 2008.
- E. S. Platzman, J. P. Platt, G. Tapirdamaz, M. Sanver, C.C. Rundle, Why are there no clockwise rotations along the North Anatolian Fault Zone?, Journal of Geophysical Reseach All Series, 99, (B11), 21705-21715, 1994.
- A. Yilmaz, T. Ercan, Tokat ile Sivas Arasinda Yer Alan Yildizdagi Gabrosu’nun Petrokimyasal Özellikleri, Jeoloji Mühendisligi, 20, 11-16, 1984.
- E. Bozkurt, A. Koçyiğit, The Kazova basin: an active negative flower structure on the Almus Fault Zone, a splay fault system of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey, Tectonophysics, 265(3-4), 239-254. 1996.
- A. Özcan, A. Aksay, Tokat-Turhal-Almus-Çamlıbel Dolayının Jeolojisi, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Rapor No: 9972, 1996.
- Y. Yılmaz, H.S. Serdar, C. Genç, E. Yigitbaş, Ö.F. Gürer, A. Elmas, M. Yildirim, O. Gürpinar, The geology and evolution of the Tokat Massif, south-central Pontides, Turkey, International Geology Review, 39(4), 365-382, 1997b.
- M. Sümengen, 1:100000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları, No.188, Tokat- H37 paftası, Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Jeolojik Etüdler Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye, 2013a.
- M. Sümengen, 1:100000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları, No.188, Tokat- H38 paftası, Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Jeolojik Etüdler Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye, 2013b.
- V. Işık, Torosların Jeolojisi; Türkiye Jeolojisi Ders Notu, Ankara Üniversitesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Ankara, 2016.
- P. Marchev, M. Kaiser-Rohrmeier, C. Heinrich, M. Ovtcharova, A. von Quadt, R. Raicheva, 2: Hydrothermal Ore Deposits Related to Post-Orogenic Extensional Magmatism and Core Complex Formation: The Rhodope Massif of Bulgaria And Greece, Ore Geol Rev 27:53–89. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2005.07.027, 2005.
- M. Esmaeli, M. Lotfi, N. Nezafati, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Study of the Khalyfehlou Copper Deposit, Southeast Zanjan, Iran, Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8 (11): 9625- 9633, 2015.
- S. Rajabpour, M. Behzadi, S.Y. Jiang, I. Rasa, B. Lehmann et al., Sulfide Chemistry and Sulfur Isotope Characteristics of the Cenozoic Volcanic-Hosted Kuh-Pang Copper Deposit, Saveh County, Northwestern Central Iran, Ore Geology Reviews 86:563-583, 2017.
- S. Shahbazi, M. Ghaderi, P. Alfonso, Mineralogy, Alteration, and Sulfur Isotope Geochemistry of the Zehabad Intermediate-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit. NW Iran, Tur. J. Earth Sci. 28, 882–901, 2019.
- C. Yalçın, M. Kumral, M. Kaya, M. Karaman, Hasenekevleri (Maden-Elazığ) Güneyindeki Diyabazlarda Gelişen Hidrotermal Cu Cevherleşmesinin Jeolojisi ve Alterasyon Jeokimyası, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 1282-1296. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.630452, 2020.
- C. Yalçın, M. Kumral, Z.B. Aydın, C. Korkmaz, A. Gürsoy, O. Aksoy, “Kuzuluk (Sakarya) Bölgesindeki Eosen Yaşlı Tüflerde Gözlenen Cu-Zn Cevherleşmesinin Jeokimyası ve CBS Ortamında Analizi”, 1st International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences (ICAENS 2021), Proceeding Book, p. 1066-1071, ISBN: 978-625-00-0389-3, November 1-3, Konya, Turkey, 2021.
- C. Yalçın, M. Kaya, M. Karaman, M. Kumral, “Almus (Tokat) Bölgesindeki Eosen Yaşlı Volkano-sedimanter Kayaçlar İçinde Gözlenen Damar Tipi Cu Cevherleşmesinin Mineralojik–Kimyasal ve Kükürt İzotopları Bileşimi Özellikleri”, Uluslararası Çevrimiçi Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Konferansı (IOCENS’ 21), Abstract Book, s. 177, 5-7 Temmuz 2021, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 47, ISBN: 978‐605‐4838‐27‐1, Gümüşhane, Türkiye, 2021.