Raylı Sistemler için Asenkron Cer Motor Tasarımı ve Performans Analizi

Öz

Asenkron motorlar geçmişten günümüze kadar birçok farklı alanda kullanılan; basit yapıları, ucuz maliyetleri ve bakım masraflarının az olması sebebiyle her daim kullanıcı tarafından sıklıkla tercih edilen bir motor tipidir. Sektörde asenkron motorlar kompresör, asansör, yürüyen merdiven, pompa, vinç ve konveyör uygulamaları gibi birçok farklı alanda kullanılmış, raylı sistem uygulamaları da asenkron motorların bu kullanım alanlarından biri olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, daha düşük bir giriş gücüyle daha yüksek bir performans sergileyen, azalan motor işletim maliyetleriyle kullanıcısına ekonomik yönden avantaj sağlayan, yerli ve milli imkânlarla üretilebilecek olan üç fazlı sincap kafesli yüksek verimli bir asenkron cer motorunun tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarım başlangıcında ilk olarak bir referans asenkron cer motoru belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen referans motor öncelikle bilgisayar destekli tasarım programlarından biri olan ANSYS programı kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Ardından seçilen referans motor için en uygun sac tipi, stator ve rotor parametreleri ile hava aralığı uzunluğunun belirlenip motorda maksimum verim değerine ulaşılabilmesi için tasarım ve analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizi yapılan her bir tasarımda sadece bir parametre değiştirilmiş ve diğer parametreler sabit tutularak değiştirilen parametrenin motor verimine olan etkisi net bir şekilde gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak seçilen referans motor ile iyileştirmeler yapılmış nihai motorun analiz çıktıları karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde asenkron cer motorunda kullanılan sac tipi; motorun stator, rotor ve hava aralığı gibi tasarım parametrelerinde yapılacak iyileştirmeler ile motor veriminin arttırılabileceği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, uygulanan tasarım yaklaşımlarıyla yüksek enerji verimliliğine ve düşük motor kayıplarına sahip yeni bir üç fazlı sincap kafesli asenkron cer motoru tasarımı elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Raylı Sistemler
• Asenkron Motor
• Cer Motor
• Motor Tasarımı

Induction Traction Motor Design and Performance Analysis for Railways

Öz

Induction motors have been used in many different areas from past to present. It has always been one of the most preferred motor types by users due to their simple structure, low price and low maintenance costs. Induction motors have been used in many areas such as compressor, elevator, escalator, pump, crane and conveyor applications in the industry. Railway system applications are also one of these usage areas of induction motors. In this study, a three phase squirrel cage high efficiency induction traction motor, which exhibits a higher performance with a lower input power, provides economic advantages to its user with reduced motor operating costs, and can be produced with domestic and national resources, has been designed. At the beginning of the design, a reference induction traction motor was determined. The determined reference motor was modeled using the ANSYS program, which is one of the computer aided design programs. Designs and analyzes were carried out in order to reach the maximum efficiency value in the motor. The most suitable sheet type, the stator parameters, rotor parameters and the air gap length were determined subsequently. Only one parameter was changed in each analyzed design. And by keeping the other parameters constant, the effect of the changed parameter on the motor efficiency has been clearly observed. As a result, the final motor design were compared with the first determined reference motor design. When the results obtained are examined, it has been seen that the motor efficiency can be increased and losses can be minimized with improvements to be carried out in the design parameters of the motor such as sheet type, stator, rotor and air gap. As a result, a new three phase squirrel cage induction traction motor design with high energy efficiency and low motor losses has been obtained with the applied design approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Railways
• Induction motor
• Traction motor
• Motor Design

Kaynakça

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