Kişniş’te (Coriandrum sativum L.) Biyoteknolojik Gelişmeler

Öz

Dünyanın en eski uçucu yağ içeren şifalı ve baharat bitkilerinden biri olan kişniş (Coriandrum sativum L.), halk hekimliğinde ve yemeklerde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çeşitli biyoaktivitelere sahip fitokimyasalları sayesinde son zamanlarda kişniş yetiştiriciliği konusunda çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Klasik ıslah çalışmaları zamanla yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesine yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmalar, uçucu yağ verimi, biyotik-abiyotik stres direnci ve diğer bazı kalite özellikleri gibi bazı bitki parametrelerindeki iyileştirmeleri hızlandıramamıştır. Bu bakımdan kişnişin verim ve kalite performansının belirlenmesi için modern ıslah programları üzerinde temel araştırmaların yapılması oldukça önemlidir. Günümüzde dünyanın birçok bölgesinde kişniş yetiştiriciliği yapılsa da kişniş ıslahı ile ilgili genetik çalışmalar sınırlı kalmıştır. Genom dizileme teknolojisi ve moleküler belirteçler ile yapılan çalışmalarda kişnişin genetik çeşitliliği ve populasyon yapısı araştırılmış ve kişniş ıslahında belli bir ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. Bu derleme kişniş yetiştiriciliğinde kişniş biyoteknolojik ilerlemelerinin önemini vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bilgiler ışığında kişniş yetiştiriciliğinde biyoteknolojik çözümler geliştirilebilir. Derlemenin kişniş ıslahçıları için daha pratik bilgiler sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler
• Kişniş
• Modern ıslah
• Biyoteknoloji
• Coriandrum sativum L.

Biotechnological Advancements in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Abstract

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), one of the oldest essential oil-bearing spice and medicinal plants in the world, is widely used in folk medicine and seasoning in food. Thanks to its phytochemicals that have various bioactivity, recently, lots of studies have been conducted on coriander breeding. Classical breeding studies led to the development of new varieties over time. These studies could not accelerate the improvements in some of the plant parameters such as essential oil yield, biotic-abiotic stress resistance, and some other quality characteristics. In this respect, it is very important to conduct basic research on modern breeding programs to determine the yield and quality performance of coriander. Although coriander cultivation is carried out in different parts of the world today, genetic studies on coriander breeding are limited. Studies conducted with genome sequencing technology and molecular markers, the genetic diversity and population structure of the coriander were investigated, and a certain amount of progress was obtained for coriander breeding. This review aims to highlight the importance of coriander biotechnological advancements for coriander breeding. In the light of this information, biotechnological solutions can be enhanced coriander breeding. The review will provide more practical information for coriander researchers.

Keywords

• Medicinal and aromatic plants
• Coriander
• Modern breeding
• Biotechnology
• Coriandrum sativum L.

Kaynakça

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