Bazı alternatif ve kışlık arpa çeşitlerinin Erzurum kuru tarım koşullarına adaptasyonu

Öz

Bu araştırma 2017-18 ve 2018-19 ürün yıllarında yürütülmüş, 34’ü alternatif ve 26’sı kışlık olmak üzere toplam 60 arpa çeşidinin Erzurum kuru tarım koşullarına adaptasyonu incelenmiştir. Ürün yıllarının ortalamasına göre çeşitlerin vejetatif dönemi 244.8-255.6 gün, tane dolum süresi 27.0-32.3 gün, bitki boyu 83.8-117.8 cm, m2’deki başak sayısı 375.6-715.0, başaktaki tane sayısı 17.8-24.0, 1000 tane ağırlığı 34.5-43.4 g, tane verimi 225.3-425.1 kg/da, biyoljik verim 874.1-1283.4 kg/da, hasat indeksi ise %25.7-37.1 arasında değişim göstermiştir. İncelenen karakterler yönünden çeşitler arasındaki farklar ile ürün yıllarının bu karakterler üzerindeki etkisinin önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çeşit x yıl interaksiyonu vejetatif dönem, tane verimi, biyolojik verim ve hasat indeksi için önemli, diğer karakterler için önemsiz çıkmıştır. En yüksek tane verimi Olgun çeşidinden elde edilmiş (425.1 kg/da), bu çeşidi Kalaycı-97 (422.2 kg/da), İnce-04 (418.5 kg/da) ve Çetin 2000 (418.1 kg/da) çeşitleri takip etmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arpa
• adaptasyon
• çeşit
• kışlık ekim
• tane verimi

Adaptation of Some Alternative and Winter Barley Varieties to Erzurum Dry Agricultural Conditions

Abstract

This research was conducted at Atatürk University Plant Production and Research Centre Directorate during the 2017-18 and 2018-19 cropping years, and the adaptation of a total of 60 barley varieties (34 alternative and 26 winter varieties) was examined in Erzurum dry agricultural conditions. According to the average of the cropping years, the vegetative period of the varieties varied between 244.8-255.6 days, the grain-filling period was between 27.0-32.3 days, plant height was 83.8-117.8 cm, the number of spikes per m2 was 375.6-715.0, and the number of grains per spike was 17.8-24.0. Thus, the grain weight was between 34.5-43.4 g, the grain yield was between 225.3-425.1 kg/da, the biological yield was between 874.1-1283.4 kg/da, and the harvest index was between 25.7-37.1%. In terms of the characteristics examined, it was determined that the differences between the varieties and the effect of the cropping seasons on these characteristics were significant. Variety × cropping year interaction was significant for the vegetative period, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index, except for other characteristics. The highest grain yield was obtained from Olgun variety (425.1 kg/da), followed by Kalaycı-97 (422.2 kg/da), İnce-04 (418.5 kg/da) and Çetin 2000 (418.1 kg/da).

Keywords

• barley
• adaptation
• variety
• winter cropping
• grain yield

Kaynakça

1. Akdeniz, H., Keskin, B., Yılmaz, İ., & Oral, E. (2004). A Research on Yield and Yield Components of Some Barley Cultivars. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 14(2), 119-125.
2. Akkaya, A., & Akten, Ş. (1990). A study on the spring barley varieties will be adapted to Erzurum conditions. Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 21(1), 9-27.
3. Anonim. (2020). Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK), Crop production statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr
4. Anonim. (2021). Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK). Crop production statistics. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr
5. Aydoğan, S., Şahin, M., Göçmen Akaçık, A., & Ayrancı, R. (2011). Determination of High Yielding and Quality of Barley Genotypes in Konya Conditions. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 25(1), 10-16.
6. Budaklı, E., Bayram, G., Türk, M., & Çelik, N. (2005). The Effects of Different levels of Nitrogen on Yield, Yield Components and Quality in Some Two-Rowed Barley (Hordeum vulgare conv. distichon) Varieties. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University, 19(2), 1-11.
7. Çağlar, Ö., Bulut, S., Öztürk, A., & Molla, N. (2009). Effets Of Seeding Rates on Plant Growth and Yield in Tokak 157/37 and Tarm-92 Barley Cultivars. 8. Field Crops Congress, pp. 520-525. Hatay. Türkiye.
8. Çöken, İ., & Akman, Z. (2016). Determination of Yield and Quality Characteristics of Barley Cultivars in Isparta Ecological Conditions. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 20(1), 91-97.

9. Çölkesen, M., Öktem, A., Eren, N., & Akıncı, C. (1994). A research on the effect of different sowing densities on yield and yield components of barley cultivars under irrigated conditions of Harran Plain. Field Crops Congress, 1, p. 13-17. Izmir., 1, s. 13-17. İzmir.
10. Doğan, Y., Kendal, E., Karahan, T., & Çiftçi, V. (2014). Determination Of Yield And Some Quality Characterıstics İn Some Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Genotypes İn Diyarbakır Conditions. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 31(2), 31-40.
11. El Rabey, H. A., Al-Malki, A. L., Abulnaja, K. O., Ebrahim, M. K., Kumosani, T., & Khan, J. A. (2014). Phylogeny of ten species of the genus Hordeum L. as revealed by AFLP markers and seed storage protein electrophoresis. Molecular Biology Reports, 41(1), 365-372.
12. İmamoğlu, A., & Yılmaz, N. (2012). Determination of Yield and some Quality Properties of some Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes in Bursa Ecological Conditions. ANADOLU journal of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 22(2), 13-36.
13. Kandemir, N. (2004). Determination of Malting Barley Cultivars Suitable for Tokat-Kazova Conditions. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University, 21(2), 94-100.
14. Karahan, T., & Sabancı, C. O. (2010). Determınatıon of Yield and Yield Components of Some Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Cultivars in Southeast Anatolia Ecological Conditions. Horticultural Studies 27(1), 1-11.
15. Kaydan, D., & Yağmur, M. (2007). A Research on Yield and Yield Components of Some Two-Rowed Barley Varieties Hordeum vulgare L. conv. distichon in Van Ecological Conditions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 13(3), 269-278.
16. Kendal, E., Kılıç, H., Tekdal, S., & Altıkat, A. (2010). Studies on Yield and Yield Components of Some Barley Genotypes Under Diyarbakır and Adıyaman Dry Conditions. Harran Journal of Agricultural and Food Science, 14(2), 49-58.
17. Kırtok, Y. (1984). Biological yield, harvest index, and grain yield in cereals. I. Effects of Environmental Conditions as Agricultural Criteria. Journal of Natural Sciences, 8(1), 96-102.
18. Kızılgeçi, F., Akıncı, C., Albayrak, Ö., Biçer, B. T., Başdemir, F., & Yıldırım, M. (2016). Investigation of Yield and Quality Parameters of Barley Genotypes in Diyarbakır and Şanlıurfa Conditions. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 25(1), 146-150.
19. Öztürk, A., & Akkuş, S. (2015). Barley farming in Erzurum, productivity problems and solutions. 11. Field Crops Congress, (s. 146-150). Çanakkale.
20. Öztürk, A., Çağlar, Ö., & Tufan, A. (2001). Adaptation of some barley cultivars in Erzurum conditions. Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 32(2), 109-115.
21. Öztürk, A., Polat, R., Kodaz, S., & Aydın, M. (2018). Yield Response of Winter Barley to Seeding Rates under Erzurum Rainfed Conditions. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 32(3), 321-327.
22. Singh, I. D., & Stoskopf, N. C. (1971). Harvest index in cereals 1. Agronomy Journal, 63(2), 224-226.
23. Sipahi, H., Sayım, İ., Ergun, N. C., & Çetin, G. (2010). Development of high malting quality barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. Biotechnology work package: Production of doubly haploid plants. TUBİTAK Projects.
24. Sirat, A., & Sezer, İ. (2009). Determination of Suitable Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Cultivars for Bafra Plan. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(3), 167-173.
25. Sönmez, F., Ülker, M., Yılmaz, N., Ege, H. & Apak, R. (1996). Effects of Different Sowing Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Some Barley Cultivars. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6 (1), 133-146.
26. Sönmez, F., & Yılmaz, N. (2000). The Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorous on Contents of Some Macro and Micro Nutrients in Barley Grain. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(2), 65-75.