The Use of Artificial Diets in Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Rearing

Abstract

The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori L., is one of the most economically important insects that has been a major contributor to silk production for thousands of years. One of the main characteristics of B. mori is its monophagous feeding preference. Fresh mulberry leaves are the only natural food of silkworm larvae. As mulberry leaves are not available all year round which severely limits the silkworm rearing and cocoon production, so feeding silkworm larvae with an artificial diet has come into being. Feeding with artificial diets during the all larval period of silkworms had first been achieved in 1960. But reared on these diets, larval growth and development were retarded, small cocoons appeared. After many improvements in the following years, feeding with the artificial diet between 1st and 3rd instars young silkworm larvae has become widespread especially in Japan. Nowadays, it was generally considered that artificial diets could not be used for silkworm rearing throughout the whole instars, due to the cost of the diet. In this review, highlights details about the essential components, formulations and preparation of artificial diet in silkworm rearing. Moreover, current scientific studies on this subject are also summarized.

Keywords

• Silkworm
• Feeding
• Artificial Diet
• Mulberry Leave
• Cocoon

İpekböceği (Bombyx mori L.) Yetiştiriciliğinde Yapay Yem Karışımlarının Kullanımı

Öz

Evcilleştirilmiş ipekböceği, Bombyx mori L., binlerce yıldır ipek üretimine büyük katkı sağlayan ekonomik açıdan en önemli böceklerden birisidir. İpekböceği’nin temel özelliklerinden biri tek tip bir besin kaynağıyla beslenmeyi tercih etmesidir. Taze dut yaprakları ipekböceği larvalarının tek doğal besin kaynağıdır. Dut yapraklarının tüm yıl boyunca bulunmaması ipekböceği yetiştiriciliğini ve koza üretimini ciddi şekilde sınırladığından, ipekböceği larvalarının yapay bir yemle beslenmesi hep gündemde olmuştur. İpekböceklerinin tüm larva döneminde yapay yemlerle beslenmesi ilk kez 1960 yılında başarılmıştır. Ancak ipekböceği larvaları bu yapay yemlerle beslendiğinde larvaların büyüme ve gelişmesi gerilemiş, küçük kozalar üretmişlerdir. Daha sonraki yıllarda pek çok gelişmenin ardından özellikle Japonya'da genç ipekböceği larvalarının 1. ve 3. yaş dönemleri arasında yapay yemle beslenmesi yaygınlaşmıştır. Günümüz ipekböceği yetiştiriciliğinde yapay yemlerin maliyetleri nedeniyle tüm larva dönemleri boyunca kullanılamayacağı genel olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu derlemede, ipekböceği yetiştiriciliğinde yapay yem karışımlarının temel bileşenleri, formülasyonları ve hazırlanması ile ilgili ayrıntılara yer verilmiş, ayrıca bu konudaki güncel bilimsel çalışmalar da özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İpekböceği,
• Besleme
• Yapay Yem Karışımı
• Dut Yaprağı
• Koza

Kaynakça

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