Olimpiyat Oyunları Perspektifinde Ekonomik Kalkınma ve Sportif Başarı Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Literatür İncelemesi

Öz

Bu makale, ülkelerin madalya toplamlarının belirlenmesinde nüfus ve ekonomik kaynakların, özellikle Gayri Safi Milli Hasıla (GSMH) ve ekonomik kalkınma düzeyinin rolü gibi ülke düzeyinde Olimpiyat başarısının belirleyicilerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma esasen bir literatür taraması olup, temel olarak 1950'lerden itibaren Olimpiyat Oyunlarının Covid-19 pandemisi nedeniyle bir sonraki yıla ertelendiği 2020 yılına kadar her dört yılda bir düzenlenen Olimpiyat Oyunları ve sonuçları ele alınmıştır. Bu konuda daha önce yapılmış akademik çalışmalar gözden geçirilerek elde edilen bulgular ve sonuçlar yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Genel olarak konuyla ilgili yapılan akademik çalışmalar, ulus devletlerin nüfus büyüklükleri ve gelir düzeylerinin benzer etkilere sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Araştırmalar, uluslararası spor müsabakalarından yüksek madalya toplamları elde etmek için hem büyük bir nüfusa hem de yüksek kişi başına GSYİH'ye ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu makalede tartışılan literatür sonucunda ekonomik faktörler, ev sahipliği ve olimpiyatlardaki deneyimler ile olimpiyat madalyası sayısı arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu söylenebilir. Özetlemek gerekirse, bu konuda yapılan akademik çalışmalar 1970'lerin başından itibaren yoğunluk kazanmaya başlamış ve bu çalışmalar göstermiştir ki, genel olarak madalya kazanma konusunda en başarılı ülkeler ekonomik olarak gelişmiş ve zengin ülkelerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spor Ekonomisi
• ekonomik gelişmişlik
• olimpiyat oyunları
• Milli Gelir

A Literature Review on the Relationship between Economic Development and Sporting Success in the Perspective of the Olympic Games

Öz

This paper focuses on the determinants of Olympic success at the country level such as the role of population and economic resources, especially Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and level of economic development in determining medal totals of the countries. This study is essentially a literature review and basically consider the Olympic Games from 1950’s onwards to the year 2020 in which the Olympic Games postponed to the next year because of Covid-19 pandemic. By reviewing the previous academic studies on this subject, the findings and conclusions were tried to be interpreted. In general, academic studies on the subject have shown that population size and income levels of nation states have been found to have similar effects. Studies suggest that both a large population and high per capita GDP are needed to generate high medal totals from international sports competitions. As a result of the literature discussed in this article, it can be said that a positive relationship between economic factors, hosting and experiences in Olympics and the number of olympic medals. Shortly, academic studies carried out on this subject have started to gain intensity since the beginning of 1970s and these studies have shown that economically developed and rich countries have been most successful in winning a medal at the overall.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Olympic Games
• Sports Economics
• Gross Domestic Product
• Sportive Success

Kaynakça

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