Öz
PV panel yüzeyine maksimum ışınımın düşmesi için en önemli parametrelerden bir tanesi optimum eğim açısıdır. Bu çalışmada, farklı iklim bölgelerindeki PV paneller için optimum eğim açısı belirlenmiştir. PV panellerin yıllık enerji üretim değerleri MATLAB ara yüz programı yardımı sadece ışınım verisi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Farklı iklim koşullarında ve yaklaşık aynı enlemde sabit konumlandırılmışmış PV panellerin yıllık, mevsimlik ve aylık maksimum enerji üretiminin sağlandığı optimum eğim açıları hesaplanmıştır. Optimum eğim açısı hesabı için öncelikle yatay yüzeydeki toplam ışınım, güneş açılarına göre matematiksel modeller kullanılarak direk ve yayınık bileşenlerine ayrılmıştır. Enlem açısı, yatay düzlemdeki direk ve yayınık ışınım bileşenleri ve eğim açısına göre eğimli yüzeydeki ışınım miktarı ABD koşulları için hesaplanmıştır. Bu adımlar, enlemleri birbirine çok yakın fakat farklı iklim koşullarındaki yedi bölge için tekrarlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yaklaşık olarak aynı enlemlerde bulunan sabit eğim açılı PV paneller, farklı iklimsel etkilere bağlı olarak farklı optimum eğim açısıyla konumlandırılması gerektiği görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- M. Li, X. Ji, G. Li, S. Wei, Y. Li, and F. Shi, “Performance study of solar cell arrays based on a Trough Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal system,” Appl. Energy, vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 3218–3227, Sep. 2011.
- K. Ishaque, Z. Salam, A. Shamsudin, and M. Amjad, “A direct control based maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions using particle swarm optimization algorithm,” Appl. Energy, vol. 99, pp. 414–422, 2012.
- S. Beringer, H. Schilke, I. Lohse, and G. Seckmeyer, “Case study showing that the tilt angle of photovoltaic plants is nearly irrelevant,” Sol. Energy, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 470–476, Mar. 2011.
- T. Khatib, A. Mohamed, and K. Sopian, “On the monthly optimum tilt angle of solar panel for five sites in Malaysia,” in International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference, 2012, no. June, pp. 6–7.
- M. Benghanem, “Optimization of tilt angle for solar panel: Case study for Madinah, Saudi Arabia,” Appl. Energy, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 1427–1433, Apr. 2011.
- T. Khatib, “A review of designing, installing and evaluating standalone photovoltaic power systems.” J. Appl. Sciences, pp. 1212–1228, 2010.
- A. Gharakhani Siraki and P. Pillay, “Study of optimum tilt angles for solar panels in different latitudes for urban applications,” Sol. Energy, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 1920–1928, Jun. 2012.
- A. Padovan and D. Del Col, “Measurement and modeling of solar irradiance components on horizontal and tilted planes,” Sol. Energy, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2068–2084, Dec. 2010.
- K. Bakirci, “General models for optimum tilt angles of solar panels: Turkey case study,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 6149–6159, Oct. 2012.
- S. S. Chandel, R. K. Aggarwal, and a. N. Pandey, “New Correlation to Estimate Global Solar Radiation on Horizontal Surfaces Using Sunshine Hour and Temperature Data for Indian Sites,” J. Sol. Energy Eng., vol. 127, no. 3, p. 417, 2005.
- S. S. Chandel, R. K. Aggarwal, and a. N. Pandey, “New Correlation to Estimate Global Solar Radiation on Horizontal Surfaces Using Sunshine Hour and Temperature Data for Indian Sites,” J. Sol. Energy Eng., vol. 127, no. 3, p. 417, 2005.
- A. M. Noorian, I. Moradi, and G. A. Kamali, “Evaluation of 12 models to estimate hourly diffuse irradiation on inclined surfaces,” Renew. Energy, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1406–1412, Jun. 2008.
- S. S. Chandel, “Estimation of Hourly Solar Radiation on Horizontal and Inclined Surfaces in Western Himalayas,” Smart Grid Renew. Energy, vol. 02, no. 01, pp. 45–55, 2011.
- C. K. Pandey and a. K. Katiyar, “Hourly solar radiation on inclined surfaces,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 6, pp. 86–92, Jun. 2014.
- G. A. Kamali, I. Moradi, and A. Khalili, “Estimating solar radiation on tilted surfaces with various orientations: a study case in Karaj (Iran),” Theor. Appl. Climatol., vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 235–241, Sep. 2005.
- G. A. Kamali, I. Moradi, and A. Khalili, “Estimating solar radiation on tilted surfaces with various orientations: a study case in Karaj (Iran),” Theor. Appl. Climatol., vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 235–241, Sep. 2005.
- V. Quaschning, Understanding renewable energy systems, Third Edit. London: Earthscan, 2005.
- D. Chiras, Solar Electricity Basics: A Green Energy Guide, First Edit. Canada: New Society, 2010.
- J. Duffie and W. Beckman, Solar engineering of thermal processes, Second Edi. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1991. http://www2m.biglobe.ne.jp/%257EZenTech/English/Climate/USA/index.htm
- http://www2m.biglobe.ne.jp/%257EZenTech/English/Climate/USA/index.htm
Öz
One of the most important parameters in order to obtain maximum solar radiation for solar power system is the optimum tilt angle of photovoltaic (PV) panels. In this article, the optimum tilt angles of photovoltaic panels are determined for regions of different climatic zones. The annual maximum energy output of PV panels is calculated in MATLAB considering irradiance data only. Annual, seasonal and monthly optimum tilt angles of PV arrays of approximately same latitude with different climatic zones are calculated for fixed tilt angles on the basis of maximum energy output. The incident global solar radiation on the horizontal surface is separated to its direct and diffuse components with a solar angle based mathematical model. Depending on region’s latitudes, direct and diffuse radiation, and tilt angle of PV panels, the incident global radiation on inclined surface is calculated for USA conditions. This study is conducted for seven different regions with very close latitudes but different climate zones. It is clear from the result that PV panels with fixed tilt angles located in approximately-same latitudes may result in different optimum tilt angle due to the dissimilar climatic impacts.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- M. Li, X. Ji, G. Li, S. Wei, Y. Li, and F. Shi, “Performance study of solar cell arrays based on a Trough Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal system,” Appl. Energy, vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 3218–3227, Sep. 2011.
- K. Ishaque, Z. Salam, A. Shamsudin, and M. Amjad, “A direct control based maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions using particle swarm optimization algorithm,” Appl. Energy, vol. 99, pp. 414–422, 2012.
- S. Beringer, H. Schilke, I. Lohse, and G. Seckmeyer, “Case study showing that the tilt angle of photovoltaic plants is nearly irrelevant,” Sol. Energy, vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 470–476, Mar. 2011.
- T. Khatib, A. Mohamed, and K. Sopian, “On the monthly optimum tilt angle of solar panel for five sites in Malaysia,” in International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference, 2012, no. June, pp. 6–7.
- M. Benghanem, “Optimization of tilt angle for solar panel: Case study for Madinah, Saudi Arabia,” Appl. Energy, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 1427–1433, Apr. 2011.
- T. Khatib, “A review of designing, installing and evaluating standalone photovoltaic power systems.” J. Appl. Sciences, pp. 1212–1228, 2010.
- A. Gharakhani Siraki and P. Pillay, “Study of optimum tilt angles for solar panels in different latitudes for urban applications,” Sol. Energy, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 1920–1928, Jun. 2012.
- A. Padovan and D. Del Col, “Measurement and modeling of solar irradiance components on horizontal and tilted planes,” Sol. Energy, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 2068–2084, Dec. 2010.
- K. Bakirci, “General models for optimum tilt angles of solar panels: Turkey case study,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 6149–6159, Oct. 2012.
- S. S. Chandel, R. K. Aggarwal, and a. N. Pandey, “New Correlation to Estimate Global Solar Radiation on Horizontal Surfaces Using Sunshine Hour and Temperature Data for Indian Sites,” J. Sol. Energy Eng., vol. 127, no. 3, p. 417, 2005.
- S. S. Chandel, R. K. Aggarwal, and a. N. Pandey, “New Correlation to Estimate Global Solar Radiation on Horizontal Surfaces Using Sunshine Hour and Temperature Data for Indian Sites,” J. Sol. Energy Eng., vol. 127, no. 3, p. 417, 2005.
- A. M. Noorian, I. Moradi, and G. A. Kamali, “Evaluation of 12 models to estimate hourly diffuse irradiation on inclined surfaces,” Renew. Energy, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1406–1412, Jun. 2008.
- S. S. Chandel, “Estimation of Hourly Solar Radiation on Horizontal and Inclined Surfaces in Western Himalayas,” Smart Grid Renew. Energy, vol. 02, no. 01, pp. 45–55, 2011.
- C. K. Pandey and a. K. Katiyar, “Hourly solar radiation on inclined surfaces,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 6, pp. 86–92, Jun. 2014.
- G. A. Kamali, I. Moradi, and A. Khalili, “Estimating solar radiation on tilted surfaces with various orientations: a study case in Karaj (Iran),” Theor. Appl. Climatol., vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 235–241, Sep. 2005.
- G. A. Kamali, I. Moradi, and A. Khalili, “Estimating solar radiation on tilted surfaces with various orientations: a study case in Karaj (Iran),” Theor. Appl. Climatol., vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 235–241, Sep. 2005.
- V. Quaschning, Understanding renewable energy systems, Third Edit. London: Earthscan, 2005.
- D. Chiras, Solar Electricity Basics: A Green Energy Guide, First Edit. Canada: New Society, 2010.
- J. Duffie and W. Beckman, Solar engineering of thermal processes, Second Edi. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1991. http://www2m.biglobe.ne.jp/%257EZenTech/English/Climate/USA/index.htm
- http://www2m.biglobe.ne.jp/%257EZenTech/English/Climate/USA/index.htm
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ağustos 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 |