Simultaneous determination of alachlor, bifenox and nitrofen as herbicides in lake, municipal wastewater and soil samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Yıl 2018, , 108 - 111, 31.08.2018

Emine Gülhan Bakırdere

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.455827

Cited By: 2

Öz

The benefits derived from pesticide usage is a worldwide phenomenon which has helped prevent food shortages and prevented deadly diseases. However, negative effects that have resulted from these very same chemicals has led to regulations and bans on some of them. This study was aimed at simultaneously determining three herbicides in lake, wastewater and soil samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The samples selected are very commonly contaminated by pesticide production and application, and they are important environmental resources that need to be preserved. The figures of merits determined for the analytes were appreciable. None of the analytes were detected in the samples (according to limits of detection) and spiked recovery tests were therefore performed to ascertain the amount of analytes that can be determined when present in the samples. The percent recoveries calculated for lake and wastewater spiked at two concentrations ranged between 90 – 104%. The spiked soil sample was extracted with acetonitrile and a blank soil extract was used to prepare matrix matched calibration standards. The percent recovery obtained using the matrix matching standards ranged between 92% and 99% for the three analytes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Herbicides, GC-MS, Wastewater, Lake water, Soil

Kaynakça

• C.D. Selali, K. Yeşim, K. Sena, Ö. Çağla, B.A. Emin, B. Sezgin, Multivariate optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of paclobutrazol and triflumizole in water by GC–MS, Journal of Separation Science, 40 (2017) 4541-4548.
• E.A. Songa, J.O. Okonkwo, Recent approaches to improving selectivity and sensitivity of enzyme-based biosensors for organophosphorus pesticides: A review, Talanta, 155 (2016) 289-304.
• J. Cooper, H. Dobson, The benefits of pesticides to mankind and the environment, Crop Protection, 26 (2007) 1337-1348.
• A.E. Bulgurcuoğlu, B. Yılmaz, D.S. Chormey, S. Bakırdere, Simultaneous determination of estrone and selected pesticides in water medium by GC-MS after multivariate optimization of microextraction strategy, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190 (2018) 252.
• R.L. Zimdahl, Chapter 7 - DDT: An Insecticide, Six Chemicals That Changed Agriculture, Academic Press, San Diego, 2015, pp. 115-133.
• P.K. Gupta, Chapter 39 - Herbicides and fungicides, Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Academic Press, San Diego, 2011, pp. 503-521.
• A.M. Au, PESTICIDES AND HERBICIDES | Types, Uses, and Determination of Herbicides A2 - Caballero, Benjamin, Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), Academic Press, Oxford, 2003, pp. 4483-4487.
• L. Durães Sette, L.A. Mendonça Alves da Costa, A.J. Marsaioli, G.P. Manfio, Biodegradation of alachlor by soil streptomycetes, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 64 (2004) 712-717.
• M. Dehghani, S. Nasseri, Z. Zamanian, Biodegradation of alachlor in liquid and soil cultures under variable carbon and nitrogen sources by bacterial consortium isolated from corn field soil, Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 10 (2013) 21-21.
• Y. Jeon, J. Kim, S. Cho, T.H. Kim, Bifenox: methyl 5-(2,4-di­chloro­phen­oxy)-2-nitro­benzoate, Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online, 69 (2013) o1206-o1206.
• K. Vorkamp, R. Bossi, K. Bester, U.E. Bollmann, S. Boutrup, New priority substances of the European Water Framework Directive: Biocides, pesticides and brominated flame retardants in the aquatic environment of Denmark, Science of The Total Environment, 470-471 (2014) 459-468.
• S.M. Smith, 6.23 - Environmentally Induced Heart Malformations A2 - McQueen, Charlene A, Comprehensive Toxicology (Second Edition), Elsevier, Oxford, 2010, pp. 429-446.
• W. Mnif, A.I.H. Hassine, A. Bouaziz, A. Bartegi, O. Thomas, B. Roig, Effect of Endocrine Disruptor Pesticides: A Review, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8 (2011) 2265-2303.
• R. Keijzer, J. Liu, J. Deimling, D. Tibboel, M. Post, Dual-Hit Hypothesis Explains Pulmonary Hypoplasia in the Nitrofen Model of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, The American Journal of Pathology, 156 (2000) 1299-1306.
• A. Stachniuk, E. Fornal, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food, Food Analytical Methods, 9 (2016) 1654-1665.
• O. Coskun, Separation techniques: Chromatography, Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 3 (2016) 156-160.
• E. Forgács, T. Cserháti, CHROMATOGRAPHY | Principles A2 - Caballero, Benjamin, Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition (Second Edition), Academic Press, Oxford, 2003, pp. 1259-1267.
• X. Cao, P.A. Limbach, Mass Spectrometry: Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides Studied Using MS☆ A2 - Lindon, John C, in: G.E. Tranter, D.W. Koppenaal (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry (Third Edition), Academic Press, Oxford, 2017, pp. 764-771.