A pilot study for determining microorganisms in Lake Tuz, Turkey by metabarcoding approach

Abstract

Although traditional microbial methods based on microscopy and culture techniques are highly effective, they are sometimes inadequate to identify the high diversity of microbial species found in environmental samples. In the past two decades, molecular techniques have improved significantly, and genomic approaches have been used to provide a more comprehensive and quantitative description of the distribution of microorganisms. In this pilot study, prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial diversity of the samples from Lake Tuz was investigated by metabarcoding approach. According to the 16S / 18S rDNA sequencing results, an average of 29 Archaea, 23 Bacteria and 61 Eukaryotic OTUs were determined in the samples and the ratio of prokaryotic OTUs was 65.3%. In all examples, the most detected archaeal OTU belongs to Haloquadratum walsbyi from the Euryarchaeota branch, and the most common bacterial OTUs belong to the members of the genus Salinibacter. In accordance with the 18S rDNA sequencing results, the most abundant eukaryotic OTU is Dunaliella salina. In this study, many prokaryotic and eukaryotic OTUs that could not be cultured in vitro were detected and an OTU with less than 97% similarity ( 92%) to 16S rDNA sequences in their databases was determined. The results obtained have the potential to contribute to the clarification of the structure and composition of microbial communities in Lake Tuz.

Keywords

• Biodiversity
• Lake Tuz
• Halophile
• 16S rDNA
• 18S rDNA
• Microorganism

Metabarkodlama yaklaşımıyla Tuz Gölü, Türkiye mikroorganizmalarının belirlenmesi için bir pilot çalışma

Öz

Mikroskopi ve kültür tekniklerine dayanan geleneksel mikrobiyal yöntemler oldukça etkili olmalarına rağmen, çevresel örneklerde bulunan mikrobiyal türlerin yüksek çeşitliliğini tanımlamakta zaman zaman yetersiz kalmaktadır. Geçtiğimiz son yirmi yılda, moleküler teknikler önemli düzeyde gelişmiştir ve genomik yaklaşımlar mikroorganizmaların dağılımını daha kapsamlı ve nicel olarak tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu pilot çalışmada, Tuz Gölü'nde bulunan prokaryotik ve ökaryotik mikroorganizmaların çeşitliliği metabarkodlama yaklaşımıyla araştırılmıştır. 16S / 18S rDNA dizilemesi sonuçlarına göre, örneklerde ortalama 29 arkeal, 23 bakteriyel ve 61 ökaryotik OTU belirlenmiştir ve prokaryotik OTU`ların oranı %65,3'tür. Tüm örneklerde, en çok belirlenen arkeal OTU Euryarchaeota şubesinden Haloquadratum walsbyi`e aittir ve en yaygın bakteriyel OTU`lar ise Salinibacter cinsinin üyelerine aittir. 18S rDNA sekanslama sonuçlarına göre, en çok gözlenen ökaryotik OTU, Dunaliella salina`dır. Bu çalışmada, in vitro kültürü yapılamayan birçok prokaryotik ve ökaryotik OTU tespit edilmiş ve veritabanlarındaki 16S rDNA sekanslarına % 97'den az benzerliği (% 92) olan bir OTU belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Tuz Gölü'ndeki mikrobiyal toplulukların yapısının ve bileşiminin aydınlatılmasına katkıda bulunma potansiyeline sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoçeşitlilik
• Tuz Gölü
• Halofil
• 16S rDNA
• 18S rDNA
• Mikroorganizma

Kaynakça

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