The Physiological Effects and Metabolism of Selenium in Abiotic Stress Conditions in Plants

Öz

Selenium (Se) plays an antioxidant role especially in plants under abiotic stress conditions. At the same time this element is included in biofortification. It promotes growth and development at low doses, but at high doses it is toxic. This review focuses on the physiological effects of selenium under stress conditions such as salinity, high temperature and drought, its availability in soil and the mechanism of uptake. It was determined that the selenium content of soils is dependent on soil texture, organic matter, redox potential, pH and clay content. The plants can uptake organic form of selenium such as selenocysteine and selenomethionin and inorganic selenium forms such as selenate and selenite. Selenium intake and metabolism can vary depending on the plant species, growth period and plant organ. It was emphasized that Se regulates the synthesis of selenoprotein, increases the antioxidant function and protects plants against various abiotic stresses such as temperature, drought, UV-B, salinity and heavy metal stres at low selenium concentrations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Abiotic stress
• selenate
• selenid
• selenomethionine
• selenosisteine

Bitkilerde Abiyotik Stres Koşullarında Selenyum Metabolizması ve Fizyolojik Etkileri

Öz

Selenyumun (Se) özellikle abiyotik stres koşullarındaki bitkilerde antioksidan rol oynamakla birlikte biyofortikasyonda yer almaktadır. Düşük dozlarda büyüme ve gelişmeyi teşvik etmekte buna karşın yüksek dozlarda toksik etkide bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede selenyumun tuzluluk, yüksek sıcaklık ve kuraklık gibi stres koşullarındaki fizyolojik etkileri, topraktaki yarayışlılığı ve alım mekanizması üzerinde yoğunlaşılmıştır. Toprakların selenyum içeriğinin, toprak tekstürü, organik madde, redoks potansiyeli, pH ve kil içeriğine bağlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin selenat ve selenit gibi inorganik formdaki selenyum ile selenosistein ve selenometionin gibi organik formdaki selenyumu aldığı görülmüştür. Selenyum alımı ve metabolizmasının bitki türüne, büyüme dönemine ve bitki organına göre değişim gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Düşük dozlarda selenyumun selenoprotein sentezini düzenlediği, antioksidan fonksiyonunu artırdığı ve bitkileri sıcaklık, kuraklık, UV-B, tuzluluk ve ağır metal stresi gibi çeşitli abiyotik streslere karşı koruduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Abiyotik stres
• selenat
• selenit
• selenometionin
• selenosistein

Kaynakça

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