Tutumlu Bilgi Sistemleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri (BİT) hayatımızın her alanında çeşitli sorunları çözmek için kullanılmaktadır. İnsanlar bir tür BİT bağımlısı haline geldikçe, tereddüt etmeden teknolojiye yatırım yapar hale de gelmiştir. Ancak, BİT herkes için göründüğü kadar kolay ulaşılabilir bir kaynak değildir. Ayrıca geçtiğimiz yüzyılın başlarından itibaren doğal kaynakların müsrifçe kullanılması nedeniyle Dünya’mız ciddi sürdürülebilirlik sorunları ile yüzleşmek durumunda kalmıştır. Günümüzde, tüketim trendlerinin sürdürülebilirlik lehine değiştirmek için ciddi bir çaba mevcuttur. BİT üretirken kullanılan kaynaklar düşünülecek olursa, bu alanda yatırım kararlarının zekice alınmasının ne kadar önemli olduğu anlaşılabilir. Bu çalışmada, tutumlu inovasyon yaklaşımının BİT projelerine nasıl uygulandığı ve tutumlu bilgi sistemlerinin (TBS) spesifik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tutumlu inovasyon, inovasyon tarihiyle karşılaştırıldığında yeni bir alan olduğundan, BİT yazınında tutumluluk kavram üzerine istatistiksel yöntemler uygulamak için yeterli sayıda çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle meta-sentez metodolojisi tercih edilmiştir. Meta-sentez metodolojisi, örnek olayları inceleyerek konu hakkında derinlemesine bilgi edinilmesini sağlamakta ve çalışmanın amacına mükemmel bir şekilde uymaktadır. BİT ve mühendislik alanlarındaki yüksek kaliteli makalelere erişim sağladığından veri kaynağı olarak Web of Science ve SCOPUS veritabanları kullanılmıştır. Veri tabanlarından elde edilen çalışmalar arasında on örnek olay çalışması kalite kriterlerini karşılamıştır. Bu örnek olay çalışmaları meta-sentez yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular, tutumlu BİT'in, BİT'den temel beklentileri karşılayabildiğini açıkça göstermektedir. Tutumlu yenilik yaklaşımını uygulayarak toplumun gelir düzeyi düşük kesimi için sosyal fayda sağlanması, kârlı iş modelleri geliştirilmesi, sürdürülebilirliğin desteklenmesi ve tasarruf edilmesi mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tutumlu İnovasyon
• Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT)
• Tutumlu Bilgi Sistemleri
• Sosyal Fayda
• Sürdürülebilirlik

A Study on Frugal Information Systems

Abstract

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are used in every aspect of our lives in order to solve various problems. As people have become a kind of addicted to ICT, they invest in technology without hesitation. Yet, ICT is not a resource that is as easily available as it seems for everyone. Moreover, since the beginning of the last century, natural resources have been consumed so extravagantly that our world faces serious sustainability issues. Currently, there is a serious effort to shift consumption trends in favor of sustainability. Considering the resources used during ICT production, it can be understood how important it is to make investment decisions wisely. In this paper, it is aimed to understand how the frugal innovation approach is applied to ICT projects, and what specific characteristics frugal information systems have. As frugal innovation itself is a new area when compared to the history of innovation, there are not enough studies on the frugality concept in ICT literature to apply statistical methods. Therefore, meta-synthesis methodology is preferred. Meta-synthesis methodology helps to get in-depth insights into the subject by studying cases, and it perfectly fits the aim of the study. Web of Science and SCOPUS databases are used as these databases provide access to high-quality papers in the ICT and engineering areas. Among the papers from the databases, and ten case studies meet the quality criteria. The cases studies are investigated by applying meta-analysis methodology. Findings clearly show that frugal ICT can satisfy basic expectations from ICT. By applying the frugal innovation approach, it is possible to provide social benefit for economically disadvantageous groups in society, develop profitable business models, support sustainability and save money.

Keywords

• Frugal Innovation
• Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
• Frugal Information Systems
• Social Benefit
• Sustainability

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