Kentsel arıtma sularında bazı toksik metal seviyelerinin değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Kullanılan suyun kalitesi ve sucul çevre, tüm organizmaların sağlığını ve yaşamını kontrol eden önemli faktörlerdir. Endüstrinin gelişmesiyle doğal kaynakların aşırı kullanımı, çevre kirliliğinin hızla artmasına sebep olmakta ve suda yaşayan organizmaların en önemli tehdit edici faktörleri olarak kabul edilen organik ve inorganik maddeler çevreye yayılmaktadır. Metaller sulardaki en önemli inorganik kirlilik kaynağıdır. Bu çalışmada Karaman ili ve çevresindeki bazı yerleşim yerlerindeki arıtma sularında bazı toksik metallerin seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla arsenik, kobalt, bakır, çinko, kadmiyum, krom ve kurşun metallerinin miktarları İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma Optik Emisyon Spektrometresi (ICP-OES) yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve Türk Standardı Enstitüsü-266'ya (TS-266) göre, analiz edilen su örneklerinde arsenik, kadmiyum, çinko, krom, kobalt ve kurşun açısından kirlenme olmadığı ancak bakır elementi için Türk Standardı Enstitüsü-266'ya göre izin verilen sınır değerlerin üstünde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arıtma Suyu
• Toksik metal
• Kirlilik
• ICP-OES

Evaluation of some toxic metal levels in urban treatment waters

Öz

The quality of the water used and the aquatic environment are important factors that control the health and life of all organisms. Industrial development, excessive use of natural resources cause environmental pollution to increase rapidly and organic and inorganic substances, which are considered as the most important threatening factors of aquatic organisms, are spreading to the environment. Metals constitute the most important source of inorganic pollution in waters. In this study, the levels of some toxic metals in Karaman province and its surrounding settlements treatment waters were determined. For this purpose, the amounts of arsenic, cobalt, copper, zinc, cadmium, chrome and lead metals were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. According to Word Health Organization and Turkish Standard Institute-266 (TS-266), it was found that there was no pollution in terms of arsenic, cadmium, zinc, chrome, cobalt and lead in the water samples analyzed, but it was above the permissible limit values according to Turkish Standard Institute-266 for copper element.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Treatment water
• Toxic metal
• Pollution
• ICP-OES

Kaynakça

1. Edition, F. (2011). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. WHO chronicle, 38(4), 104-8.
2. Tchounwou, P. B., Yedjou, C. G., Patlolla, A. K., & Sutton, D. J. (2012). Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. In Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicology (pp. 133-164). Springer, Basel.
3. Meers, E., Ruttens, A., Hopgood, M., Lesage, E., & Tack, F. M. G. (2005). Potential of Brassic rapa, Cannabis sativa, Helianthus annuus and Zea mays for phytoextraction of heavy metals from calcareous dredged sediment derived soils. Chemosphere, 61(4), 561-572.
4. Ali, I. (2010). The quest for active carbon adsorbent substitutes: inexpensive adsorbents for toxic metal ions removal from wastewater. Separation & Purification Reviews, 39(3-4), 95-171.
5. Khan, S., Shahnaz, M., Jehan, N., Rehman, S., Shah, M. T., & Din, I. (2013). Drinking water quality and human health risk in Charsadda district, Pakistan. Journal of cleaner production, 60, 93-101.
6. Vilela, D., Parmar, J., Zeng, Y., Zhao, Y., & Sánchez, S. (2016). Graphene-based microbots for toxic heavy metal removal and recovery from water. Nano letters, 16(4), 2860-2866.
7. Zeng, X., Liu, Y., You, S., Zeng, G., Tan, X., Hu, X., ... & Li, F. (2015). Spatial distribution, health risk assessment and statistical source identification of the trace elements in surface water from the Xiangjiang River, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(12), 9400-9412.
8. Dong, Z., Qin, D., Qin, X., Cui, J., & Kang, S. (2017). Changes in precipitating snow chemistry with seasonality in the remote Laohugou glacier basin, western Qilian Mountains. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(12), 11404-11414.

9. Gao, Q., Li, Y., Cheng, Q., Yu, M., Hu, B., Wang, Z., & Yu, Z. (2016). Analysis and assessment of the nutrients, biochemical indexes and heavy metals in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China, from 2008 to 2013. Water research, 92, 262-274.
10. Duquène, L., Vandenhove, H., Tack, F., Meers, E., Baeten, J., & Wannijn, J. (2009). Enhanced phytoextraction of uranium and selected heavy metals by Indian mustard and ryegrass using biodegradable soil amendments. Science of the Total Environment, 407(5), 1496-1505.
11. Gao, B., Gao, L., Gao, J., Xu, D., Wang, Q., & Sun, K. (2019). Simultaneous evaluations of occurrence and probabilistic human health risk associated with trace elements in typical drinking water sources from major river basins in China. Science of the Total Environment, 666, 139-146.
12. Goyer, R. (2004). Issue paper on the human health effects of metals. US Environmental Protection Agency.
13. Donati, G. L., Amais, R. S., & Williams, C. B. (2017). Recent advances in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 32(7), 1283-1296.
14. Naozuka, J., Vieira, E. C., Nascimento, A. N., & Oliveira, P. V. (2011). Elemental analysis of nuts and seeds by axially viewed ICP OES. Food Chemistry, 124(4), 1667-1672.
15. Özcan, M. M. (2006). Determination of the mineral compositions of some selected oil-bearing seeds and kernels using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Grasas y aceites, 57(2), 211-218.
16. Grandjean, P., & Landrigan, P. J. (2006). Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals. The Lancet, 368(9553), 2167-2178.
17. Patrick, L. (2006). Lead toxicity, a review of the literature. Part I: Exposure, evaluation, and treatment. Alternative medicine review, 11(1).
18. İşeri, İ. & Arıman, S. (2019). Sedimandaki Ağır Metal Konsantrasyonunun Çoklu Değişken Regresyon Modelleri ve Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı Ağ Modeli ile Tahmini. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (Özel Sayı), 389-397.
19. Başyiğit, B., & Tekin-Özan, S. (2013). Concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment, and tissues of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) from Karataş Lake related to physico-chemical parameters, fish size, and seasons. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(3), 633-644.
20. Herman, G. V., Ilies, D. C., Gaceu, O., Ilies, A., Mester, C., Ilies, M., ... & Dumitru, M. (2019). Some considerations concerning the quality of groundwater in the Natura 2000 Lunca Barcaului (Barcaului Meadow) site, Romania. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 20(3), 1102-1109.