Fault Analysis of an Induction Motor by Measuring Mechanical Vibration Signals

Abstract

Induction motors are the most widely used motor type in the industry. The decrease in the efficiency and health of induction motors seriously affects their performance. In order for the production process not to fail, these motors should be maintained periodically and monitored for their condition. In this study, an experimental setup is designed and implemented to measure the mechanical vibrations of an induction motor at different speed levels. In the experimental setup, the vibration signals were converted into electrical signals with an accelerometer connected to the body of the iduction motor in the direction of the "Z" axis and transferred to the computer environment via a data acquisition card. With this method, real-time condition monitoring is provided on the induction motor. The mechanical vibrations that occur on the motor are also measured with a test device that can measure vibration and are recorded on the memory card. The sensor data obtained were analyzed using the FFT conversion and the results were interpreted. 

Keywords

• Induction motor
• Real-time monitoring
• Vibration measurement
• FFT transform

Bir Asenkron Motorun Mekanik Titreşim Sinyallerinin Ölçülerek Arıza Analizinin Yapılması

Öz

Asenkron motorlar, endüstride en yaygın kullanılan motor türüdür. Asenkron motorların verimlerinde meydana gelen bozulmalar, çalışma performanslarını ciddi şekilde etkilemektedir. Üretim sürecinin aksamaması için bu motorların bakımlarının periyodik bir şekilde yapılması ve durumlarının izlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada bir asenkron motorun farklı hız kademelerinde mekanik titreşimlerinin ölçülmesi için bir deney düzeneği tasarlanmış ve gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney düzeneğinde asenkron motorun gövdesine "Z" ekseni yönünde bağlanan bir ivmeölçer yardımıyla titreşim sinyalleri elektrik sinyaline dönüştürülmüş ve bir veri alışveriş kartı üzerinden bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmıştır. Bu yöntem ile asenkron motorda gerçek zamanlı durum izleme gerçekleştirilmektedir. Motor üzerinde oluşan mekanik titreşimler ayrıca titreşim ölçümü yapabilen test cihazı ile ölçülmüş ve hafıza kartına kayıt edilmiştir. Elde edilen sensör verileri FFT dönüşümü kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asenkron motor
• Gerçek zamanlı izleme
• Titreşim ölçümü
• FFT dönüşümü

Kaynakça

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