Makine Öğrenmesi Yöntemleri ile Tahıl Yüzey Sınıflaması

Öz

Bu çalışmada buğday yüzey çeşitlerinin sınıflandırılması için radar yardımıyla elde edilen sinyaller makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri ile analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. 18-40 GHz frekans arasında vektör ağ analizörü kullanılarak radar geri saçılım sinyalleri kaydedilmiştir. Toplamda 5681 adet A tarama sinyallerinin ölçümleri kaydedilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem çerçevesi iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde geri saçılım sinyalleri üzerinde Hızlı Fourier Dönüşümü (HFD), Ayrık Kosinüs Dönüşümü (AKD), Ayrık Dalgacık Dönüşümü (ADD) uygulanarak Birinci Derece İstatistiksel özellikler elde edilmiştir. Bu özellikler Destek Vektör Makinesi (DVM) ile sınıflandırma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemin ikinci bölümünde sinyaller üzerinde Kısa Zamanlı Fourier Dönüşümü (KZFD) uygulanarak karmaşık formda iki boyutlu matrisler elde edilmiştir. Bu matrislerin büyüklüğü baz alınarak özellik çıkarımı için Gri Değer Eş Oluşum Matrisi (GDEOM) ve Gri Değer Koşu Uzunluğu Matrisi (GDKUM) elde edilerek özellik çıkarım işlemi tamamlanmıştır. DVM ile sınıflandırma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. 10-k çapraz doğruluma işlemi uygulanmıştır. En yüksek performans KZFD+ GDEOM+DVM ile elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Radar
• Ölçüm
• Makine Öğrenimi
• Sınıflama

Grain Surface Classification via Machine Learning Methods

Öz

In this study, radar signals were analyzed to classify grain surface types by using machine learning methods. Radar backscatter signals were recorded using a vector network analyzer between 18-40 GHz. A total of 5681 measurements of A scan signals were collected. The proposed method framework consists of two parts. First Order Statistical features are obtained by applying Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) on backscatter signals in the first part of the framework. Classification process of these features was carried out with Support Vector Machine (SVM). In the second part of the proposed framework, two dimensional matrices in complex form were obtained by applying Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) on the signals. Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Gray-Level Run-Length Matrix (GLRLM) were obtained and feature extraction process was completed. Classification process was carried out with DVM. 10-k cross validation was applied. The highest performance was achieved with STFT+GLCM+SVM.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Radar
• Measurement
• Machine Learning
• Classification

Kaynakça

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