Analysis of Communication Time Delayed Automatic Generation Control via SMA with 2 DOF PIλDµ Controller for Interconnected Power System

Öz

Elektrik güç sistemlerinin tasarım ve işletimi için otomatik üretim kontrolü (AGC) hayati derecede önemli bir işlemdir. AGC ile kaliteli elektrik enerjisi üretilir ve tüketiciye gönderilir. Enterkonnekte sistemler birbirleriyle bağlantılı birden fazla kontrol bölgesinden oluştuğu için büyük ve karmaşık güç sistemleridir. Bu nedenle bu sistemlerin kontrolü oldukça zordur. Bu çalışmada AGC için iki farklı enterkonnekte güç sistemi dikkate alınmıştır. Öncelikle, ara ısıtmalı zaman gecikmesi dahil edilmeyen bir AGC sistemi analiz edilmiştir. Sonrasında, gerçeğe daha yakın kontrol analizleri yapmak amacıyla haberleşme zaman gecikmesine (CTD) sahip bir AGC sistemi incelenmiştir. Haberleşme ağları, fazör ölçüm üniteleri (PMUs), geniş alan ölçüm – izleme sistemleri (WAMSs), merkezi denetleme kontrol ve veri toplama (SCADA) gibi birimlerden dolayı AGC sistemlerinde CTDs gözlemlenir. CTD’nin sisteme eklenmesi ile birlikte, AGC sistemi çok daha karmaşık ve kompleks olmaktadır. Hem ara ısıtmalı hem de zaman gecikmeli güç sistemi için yüksek esneklik ve kabiliyet oranına sahip olduğundan dolayı iki serbestlik dereceli kesirli mertebeden oransal – integral - türev (2 DOF PIλDµ) kontrolör kullanılmıştır. 2 DOF PIλDµ kontrolör parametrelerinin ayarlanmasında yeni sezgisel Balçık Küfü Algoritması (SMA) kullanılmıştır. SMA, balçık küflerinin salınım modunun doğasına dayanmaktadır ve bu algoritma 2020’ de geliştirilmiştir. Sistem performansları, her bir bölge frekans değişimi ve ara bağlantı güç değişimi için oturma zamanı (%0.005 bant aralığı için), % maksimum aşım ve % minimum aşım açısından incelenmiştir. Elde edilen tüm sonuçlar hem sayısal olarak ifade edilmiş hem de grafiksel olarak gösterilmiştir. Önerilen 2 DOF PIλDµ ve SMA ile elde edilen sonuçların, literatürde daha gerçekçi olduğu belirtilen AGC sistemlerinden daha başarılı olduğu ve sistem performanslarını güçlendirdiği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otomatik üretim kontrolü
• Balçık küfü algoritması
• Haberleşme zaman gecikmesi
• Enterkonnekte güç sistemleri

Analysis of Communication Time Delayed Automatic Generation Control via SMA with 2 DOF PIλDµ Controller for Interconnected Power System

Abstract

Automatic generation control (AGC) is a vital process for the design and operation of electrical power systems. Quality of electrical energy is generated with effective AGC and sent to the consumers. Interconnected power systems are large and complex systems since they consist of more than one control area and they are connected to each other. Therefore, it is very difficult to control these systems. In this study, two different interconnected power systems are considered for AGC. First, an AGC system having reheat without time delay is analyzed. Secondly, an AGC system with communication time delay (CTD) is examined in order to make control analysis closer to real system. These CTDs are observed the AGC systems because of communication networks, phasor measurement units (PMUs), wide - area measurement - monitoring systems (WAMSs), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) units etc. AGC becomes much more complicate and complex with the addition of CTDs to the system. Because of high flexibility and capability ratio, two degree of freedom fractional order proportional – integral - derivative (2 DOF PIλDµ) controller has been used for both reheated and time delayed power systems. A new meta heuristic Slime Mold Algorithm (SMA) is used to set of the 2 DOF PIλDµ controller parameters. SMA is based on nature of oscillation mode of slime mould and this algorithm is developed in 2020. System performances are examined in terms of settling time (for %0.005 band width), % overshoot and % undershoot for frequency deviation of each region and tie line power deviation. All results are expressed both numerically and graphically. It is clear that the results obtained with the proposed 2 DOF PIλDµ and SMA are more successful than the defined as the more realistic AGC systems in literature and also improved the system performance.

Keywords

• Automatic generation control
• Slime mould algorithm
• Communication time delay
• Interconnected power systems

Kaynakça

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