Zemin İyileştirme Yöntemleri ve Yaygın Kullanımına Bağlı Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Zemin iyileştirme M.Ö 3000 yılına dayanan en eski inşaat mühendisliği uygulamalarından biridir. Artan dünya nüfusuna paralel olarak yapılaşmaya olan talep artmakta ve yapılaşma için uygun zeminlerin bulunması zorlaşmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan talep doğrultusunda yapılar için elverişsiz zeminler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bahse konu zeminlerde genellikle taşıma kapasitesi, oturma, şişme veya deprem durumunda sıvılaşma problemleri yaşanmaktadır. Gelişen teknoloji ve artan araştırma geliştirme olanakları neticesinde problemli zeminlerin yapılara elverişli duruma getirilmesi için yeni teknikler geliştirilmektedir. Bu derleme Türkiye ve yakın coğrafyamızda yaygın olarak inşaat endüstrisi tarafından kullanılan zemin iyileştirme yöntemlerini incelemektedir. Yaygın kullanılan yöntemler yanında son yıllarda araştırmacılar tarafından çalışmaları süren yenilikçi, sürdürülebilir ve çevreci uygulamalardan da bahsedilmektedir. Çalışmanın neticesinde mevcut yaygın kullanılan yöntemler zemin türü, kullanım alanı, kullanım sıklığı, uygulama süresi, maliyet ve kontrol gerekliliği göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucunda oluşturulan çizelge neticesinde uygulayıcıların karar verme sürecine yardımcı olmak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zeminde İyileştirme
• Maliyet
• Taşıma Gücü
• Oturma
• Sıvılaşma

The Interpretation of Ground Improvement Techniques: State-of-the-art

Abstract

Ground Improvement is one of the oldest civil engineering disciplines dating back to 3000 BC. Population increases results in demand in shelter and infrastructure needs resulting in lack of availability of suitable grounds. Therefore, structures are being build on soils which have bearing capacity, settlement, swelling or liquefaction problems. Nevertheless, with advancements in technology and research methods are being developed to improve such soils. In this review paper ground improvement techniques widely used in Turkey have been evaluated. In addition to widely available techniques, innovative, sustainable, and environmentally friendly were also investigated. Findings have been evaluated in light of soil type, suitability, cost, monitoring requirements, availability and proposed use. As a result, a guide has been proposed to be used during decision process of ground improvement.

Keywords

• Ground Improvement
• Bearing Capacity

Kaynakça

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