Derin Öğrenme Tekniklerini Kullanarak Akciğer X-Ray Görüntülerinden COVID-19 Tespiti

Öz

COVID-19 salgını tüm dünyada hızla yayılarak küresel bir pandemi haline gelmiştir. Bu salgın, günlük yaşamda hem halk sağlığı hem de küresel ekonomi üzerinde yıkıcı bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Bu salgının daha fazla yayılmasını önlemek ve etkilenen hastaları hızla tedavi etmek için pozitif vakaları olabildiğince erken tespit etmek çok önemlidir. COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun hızlı bir şekilde ve yüksek doğrulukta teşhisini sağlayan herhangi bir yardımcı araç uzmanlar için faydalıdır. Bu anlamda, X-Ray tomografik görüntüleme COVID-19 teşhisinde kolay erişilebilir alternatif bir araçtır. Radyoloji görüntüleme teknikleri kullanılarak elde edilen son bulgular, bu tür görüntülerin COVID-19 virüsü hakkında çarpıcı bilgiler içerdiğini göstermektedir. Radyolojik görüntülemeyle birlikte gelişmiş yapay zekâ ve makine öğrenmesi tekniklerinin uygulanması, bu hastalığın doğru tespiti için yardımcı olabilir. X-ray görüntüleri şüpheli vakaların erken tespitine yardımcı olabilse de, çeşitli viral ve bakteriyel pnömoni (zatürre) görüntüleri COVID-19 ile benzerdir ve benzer özellikler içermektedir. Dolayısıyla radyologların viral ve bakteriyel pnömoni gibi benzer akciğer hastalıklarını COVID-19’dan ayırt etmesi zordur. Bu bağlamda, COVID-19 semptomlarının viral pnömoniye benzer olması, yanlış tanılara yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kurulan farklı modeller ile akciğer X-Ray görüntülerini COVID-19, normal ve viral pnömoni (zatürre) hastalar olarak sınıflandırabilen derin öğrenme tekniklerinin bir karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 11 farklı derin öğrenme tekniği üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Günümüzde popüler olan evrişimli sinir ağları tabanlı farklı tekniklerin aynı veri kümesi üzerinde deneysel çalışmaları yapılarak her bir tekniğin performans değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve en iyi tahminleme yöntemi belirlenmiştir. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalarda, en yüksek doğruluk değeri %97.17 ile DenseNet121 modeli ile elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Derin öğrenme
• Evrişimli sinir ağları
• Sınıflandırma
• Akciğer X-Ray görüntüleri
• COVID-19

COVID-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray Images Using Deep Learning Techniques

Öz

COVID-19 has spread rapidly all over the world and has become a global pandemic. This epidemic has a devastating impact on both public health and the global economy in everyday life. Detecting positive cases as early as possible is crucial to prevent the further spread of this epidemic and to treat affected patients quickly. Any tool that provides a fast and highly accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 infection is useful to experts. In this context, X-Ray tomographic imaging is an easily accessible alternative tool in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Recent developments using radiology imaging techniques show that such images contain interesting information about the COVID-19. The application of advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques combined with radiological imaging can assist to accurate detection of this disease. Although X-Ray images can help to diagnose suspected cases early, various viral and bacterial pneumonia images are similar to COVID-19 and include similar features. Therefore, it is difficult for radiologists to distinguish similar lung diseases like viral and bacterial pneumonia from COVID-19. In this context, the similarity of COVID-19 symptoms to viral pneumonia can lead to misdiagnosis. In this study, deep learning techniques that can classify chest X-Ray images as COVID-19, normal and viral pneumonia are compared. In this study, 11 different deep learning techniques have been studied. Experimental studies of different techniques based on convolutional neural networks, which are popular today, have been studied on the same dataset to evaluate the performance of each technique and the best prediction method has been determined. In experimental studies, the highest accuracy value is obtained with the DenseNet121 model with 97.17%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deep learning
• Convolutional neural network
• Classification
• Chest X-ray images
• COVID-19

Kaynakça

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