Determining the Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) in Olive Farming

Abstract

In this research, energy use efficiency and GHG ratio computations were determined in olive farming. It was practiced in Çakallık area of Karpuzlu district of Aydın province of Turkey. Experiments and research data computations are based on the January 2020 - January 2021 growing season. Energy input (EI) and energy output (EO) in olive farming were computed as 2580.70 MJ ha-1 and 9904.04 MJ ha-1. In olive farming, 46.96% of all energy inputs consists of nitrogen energy (1212 MJ ha-1), 25.49% consists of human labour energy (657.88 MJ ha-1), 8.60% consists of phosphorus energy (222 MJ ha-1), 8.04% consists of electricity energy (207.36 MJ ha-1), 5.19% consists of potassium energy (134 MJ ha-1), 5.14% consists of transportation energy (132.53 MJ ha-1) and 0.58% consists of sulphur energy (14.93 MJ ha-1). Energy use efficiency (EUE), specific energy (SE), energy productivity (EP) and net energy (NE) in olive farming were computed as 3.84, 0.88 MJ kg-1, 1.14 kg MJ-1 and 7323.34 MJ ha-1, respectively. Energy inputs in olive farming could be classified as 33.53% direct, 66.47% indirect, 25.49% renewable and 74.51% non-renewable. Total GHG emissions were computed as 406.73 kgCO2-eqha-1 for olive farming, with the greatest input being use of human labour (57.77%). Human labour input is followed by nitrogen (22.47%), electricity (8.51%), phosphorus (5.80%), potassium (3.15%), sulphur (1.21%) and transportation inputs (1.09%), respectively. GHG ratio value was computed as 0.14 kgCO2-eqkg-1 in olive farming.

Keywords

• Olive
• Energy productivity
• GHG emissions
• Aydın

Zeytin Yetiştiriciliğinde Enerji Kullanım Etkinliğinin ve Sera Gazı (GHG) Emisyonunun Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmada zeytin yetiştiriciliğinde enerji kullanım etkinliliği ve sera gazı oranı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, Türkiye’nin Aydın ili Karpuzlu ilçesine bağlı Çakallık mevkiinde yapılmıştır. Denemeler ve araştırma verileri hesaplamaları, Ocak 2020 - Ocak 2021 yetiştirme sezonuna dayanmaktadır. Zeytin yetiştiriciliğinde enerji girdisi ve çıktısı sırasıyla 2580.70 MJ ha-1, 9904.04 MJ ha-1 hesaplanmıştır. Zeytin yetiştiriciliğinde tüm enerji girdilerinin %46.96'sı azot enerjisinden (1212 MJ ha-1), %25.49'u insan işgücü enerjisinden (657.88 MJ ha-1), %8.60'ı fosfor enerjisinden (222 MJ ha-1), %8.04'ü elektrik enerjisinden (207.36 MJ ha-1), %5.19'u potasyum enerjisinden (134 MJ ha-1),%5.14'ü taşıma enerjisinden (132.53 MJ ha-1) ve % 0.58'i kükürt enerjisinden (14.93 MJ ha-1) oluşmaktadır. Zeytin yetiştiriciliğinde enerji kullanım etkinliği, spesifik enerji, enerji verimliliği ve net enerji sırasıyla 3.84, 0.88 MJ kg-1, 1.14 kg MJ-1 ve 7323.34 MJ ha-1 hesaplanmıştır. Zeytin yetiştiriciliğinde enerji girdisinin %33.53’ü doğrudan, %66.47’si dolaylı, %25.49’u yenilenebilir ve %74.51’i yenilenemez olarak sınıflandırılabilir. Zeytin yetiştiriciliği için toplam sera gazı emisyonları 406,73 kgCO2-eşha-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır ve en büyük girdi insan işgücü kullanımıdır (%57.77). İnsan işgücü girdisini sırasıyla azot (% 22.47), elektrik (%8.51), fosfor (%5.80), potasyum (%3.15), kükürt (%1.21) ve taşıma girdileri (% 1.09) takip etmektedir. Ayrıca zeytin yetiştiriciliğinde sera gazı oranı değeri 0.14 kgCO2-eşha-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zeytin
• Enerji verimliliği
• Sera gazı emisyonu
• Aydın

Kaynakça

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