Composting of Pomegranate Peels with Bioactivator in Rotary Drum Composting System

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the effect of composting of pomegranate peels left after processing pomegranate fruit with bioactivator. In the study, 0.38 m3-automatic controlled rotary drum composting system with exhaust gas recycling was used in the composting process. During the experiment, temperature, CO2 concentration, compost moisture, organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen and carbon changes were measured. The experiments took 43 days, the composting stage was 12 days, and the maturation stage was 31 days. Results showed that the reactor with bioactivator reached the temperature of 55 °C on the 6th day and maintained this temperature for about 0.25 days (6 hours). The reactor without bioactivator reached a temperature of 60 °C, but it was able to maintain this temperature for about 1.5 days and the temperature above 55 ° C was only able to maintain for 2 days. Organic matter losses were determined as 59.24% and 14.63% in the reactor with bioactivator, 64.32% and 2.04% in the reactor without bioactivator, respectively, at the end of the composting process and maturation process. In conclusion, when the use of bioactivators in composting process is evaluated in terms of composting performance parameters (compost temperature, CO2 concentration, moisture, organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, C/N ratio), it can be said that the bioactivator does not make a difference. In addition, it can be said that the addition of bioactivators can be made at the beginning of compost maturation to help the compost mature faster.

Keywords

• Pomegranate processing waste
• Composting
• Rotary drum composting
• Exhaust gas recycling

Nar Kabuklarının Döner Tambur Kompostlama Sisteminde Biyoaktivatör İle Kompostlanması

Öz

Bu çalışma, nar meyvesinin işlenmesi sonrası kalan nar kabuklarının biyoaktivatör ile kompostlamanın etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, kompostlama işlemi için 0.38 m3’lük hacme sahip egzoz gazı geri dönüşümlü otomatik kontrollü döner tambur kompostlama sistemi kullanılmıştır. Deney süresince, sıcaklık, CO2 konsantrasyonu, kompost nemi, organik madde, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, toplam azot ve karbon değişimleri ölçülmüştür. Deneyler 43 gün sürmüş olup, kompostlama aşaması 12 gün, olgunlaşma aşaması ise 31 gün sürmüştür. Biyoaktivatörlü reaktörün 55 °C sıcaklığa 6. günde ulaştığı ve bu sıcaklığı yaklaşık 0.25 gün (6 saat) koruyabildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Biyoaktivatörsüz reaktör 60 °C sıcaklığa ulaşmış, ancak bu sıcaklığı yaklaşık 1.5 gün koruyabilmiş ve 55 °C’nin üzerindeki sıcaklığını ise sadece 2 gün koruyabilmiştir. Organik madde kayıplarının kompostlama süreci ve olgunlaşma süreci sonunda sırasıyla, biyoaktivatörlü reaktörde %59.24 ve %14.63, biyoaktivatörsüz reaktörde %64.32 ve %2.04 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kompostlama işleminde biyoaktivatör kullanımı kompostlama performans parametreleri (sıcaklık, CO2 konsantrasyonu, kompost nemi, organik madde, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, C/N oranı) açısından değerlendirildiğinde biyoaktivatörün bir fark yaratmadığı söylenebilir. Bunun yanında, biyoaktivatör ilavesinin kompost olgunlaşma başlangıcında yapılarak kompostun daha hızlı bir şekilde olgunlaşmasına yardımcı olabileceği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nar işleme atıkları
• kompostlama
• Döner tambur kompostlama
• Egzoz gazı geri dönüşümü

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