Iğdır ili 080 Devlet Karayolu Boyunca Tarım Topraklarında Ağır Metal Kirliliği

Öz

Doğal topraklar, kentleşme, sanayileşme ve aşırı gübre ve pestisit kullanımı gibi çeşitli insan faaliyetleri ile kirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, özellikle uluslararası olanlar olmak üzere otoyolların yanındaki tarımsal topraklar, yoğun yol trafiğine bağlı olarak nispeten daha yüksek ağır metal kirliliği riski altındadır. Bu nedenle, Türkiye Iğdır'da 080 uluslararası karayolunda araç kaynaklı ağır metal kirliliğini aydınlatmak için 24 örnekleme noktasından toplam 72 toprak numunesi 5 km aralıklarla alınmıştır. Toprak numunelerinin özellikleri belirlendikten sonra, toplam ve bitki tarafından alınabilir miktarları DTPA ile ekstrakte edilerek ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar, toplam ve alınabilir ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının büyük ölçüde otoyola olan mesafelere bağlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Genel olarak, otoyola daha yakın mesafe, daha yüksek element konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Uzaklıktan en çok etkilenen elementler demir ve çinko olmuştur (p> 0.01) ve bunları nikel (p <0.05) ve manganez ve bakır (p = 0.05'e yakın) izlemiştir. Otoyoldan 0 ila 10 m uzaklıktaki bölge en kirli bölge olmuştur. Kirlilik indeksleri (PI), toplam konsantrasyonlar için Ni> Cu> Zn> Fe> Mn ve alınabilir değerler için Cu> Zn> Mn> Fe> Ni şeklinde sıralanmıştır. Kirlilik yük endeksleri (PLI) genel olarak nikel (Ni) değerleri dışında toplam mikro besinlerin kirlilik endekslerinden (PI) daha yüksek ve genellikle alınabilir değerlerin kirlilik endekslerinden (PI) daha düşük hesaplanmıştır. Ni ve Cu'nun nispeten daha kısa sürede çevre açısından riskli seviyelere ulaşma ihtimalinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ağır metaller
• toplam ve alınabilir birikimler
• kirlilik endeksi
• kirlilik yük endeksi
• 080 Devlet Karayolu

Heavy Metal Pollution in the Agricultural Soils Alongside Highway 080 of Igdir Province

Abstract

Natural soils have been polluted by variety of human activity such as urbanization, industrialization and excessive fertilizer and pesticide usage. However, the agricultural soils alongside the highways, especially those of international ones, are relatively at higher risk of heavy metal pollution depending on the intensive track traffic. Therefore, total of 72 soil samples from the 24 sampling sites were taken at 5 km interval to elucidate the vehicle-induced heavy metal pollution on the international highway 080 in Igdir, Turkey. After characterising the soil samples, their total and DTPA extractable or plant available concentrations were determined. The results showed that the concentrations of total and available heavy metals were highly dependent on the distances from the highway. In general, the closer distance to highway resulted in higher element concentrations. Iron and zinc were the most affected elements (p>0.01), and followed by nickel (p<0.05), and manganese and copper (close to p= 0.05). The zone from 0 to 10 m away from the highway was the most polluted area. Pollution indices (PI) were in descending order as Ni>Cu>Zn>Fe>Mn for the total concentrations and Cu>Zn>Mn>Fe>Ni for the available fractions. The pollution load indices (PLI) were generally higher than the pollution indices (PI) of total micronutrients except nickel (Ni) values, and were generally lower than the pollution indices (PI) of available ones. It can be concluded that Ni and Cu were likely to reach environmentally risky levels in relatively shorter time.

Keywords

• Heavy metals
• total and available deposits
• pollution index
• pollution load index
• Highway 080

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