Evsel Çamaşır Yıkamadan Oluşan Mikroplastik Salınımı

Öz

Mikroplastik, insanlar tarafından çok çeşitli materyallerde kullanılır. Son zamanlarda global ölçekte, birincil ve ikincil mikroplastiklere çeşitli çevre bileşenlerinde rastlanmaktadır. Mikro fiber, yaygın mikroplastik tiplerinden birisidir. Mikrofiberlerin tekstil materyallerinin yıkanmasından salındığı bilinmektedir. Salınan microfiber miktarı, yıkama koşulları ve fiber karakteristiğine göre değişir. Mikroplastikler sucul organizmalar için zararlı olabilmektedir. Bunun yanında, mikroplastiklerin uzun dönem etkileri bilinmediğinden, gelecekte mikroplastikten kaynaklanabilecek durum tahmin edilemez durumdadır. Bu sebeple, bu çalışmada evsel çamaşır yıkama işleminden salınan mikroplastiğin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Evsel tip çamaşır makinesi ile 5 yıkama döngüsü çalışılmıştır. Gravimetrik analiz sonuçlarına göre, yıkama başına ve yıkanan kilogram tekstil başına fiber salınımı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, koton tekstil materyali, sentetik polystere göre daha fazla dökme eğilimi göstermekedir. Fiber salınımı yıkanan tekstil materyalinin % karışımına bağlı olarak 13,1 mg/kg ile 15,6 mg/kg arasında değişmektedir. Tutulan fiberlerin büyük bir kısmının 100 µm filtre ile tutulması, fiberlerin çoğunun 100-200 µm aralığında olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikroplastik
• Salınım
• Evsel
• Yıkama

Microplastic Release from Domestic Washing

Abstract

Plastics have been used by human beings in a wide variety of materials. Recently, microplastics, either primary or secondary, are encountered in different part of the environment on a global scale. One of the common type of microplastic is micro fiber. Microfibers are known to be released from washing of textile materials. The amount of released fiber varies depending on the washing conditions and fiber characterization. Microplastics can be harmfull for aquatic organisms. Moreover, because long term effect of microplastic is unclear, the situation about microplastic is unpredictable at the future. Therefore, it is aimed in this study to evaluate the release of microfiber from domestic laundry washing operations. 5 washing cycles were studied with domestic type washing machine. Fiber release per washing and kg washed textile material were determined according to the results of the gravimetric analysis. According to the results, cotton textile materials have a higher shedding tendency than synthetic polyester materials. Fiber release varied from 13,1 mg/kg to 15,66 mg/kg depending on % blend of washed textile materials. Most of the fibers were trapped with 100 µm filter, suggesting most of the fibers released from washing in the range of 100-200 µm.

Keywords

• Microplastic
• Release
• Domestic
• Washing

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