Hibrit Yapılı Rotor Sargısının Asenkron Motor Verimliliği ve Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Alüminyum kısa devre kafesli rotora sahip asenkron motorlar, basit yapıları ve düşük maliyetleri (bakır enjeksiyona karşılık alüminyum enjeksiyon prosesi) sebebiyle endüstride yaygın olarak tercih edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte artan verimlilik ihtiyacını karşılamak için alınacak diğer tedbirlerle birlikte rotor sargı kayıplarının azaltılması üzerinde önemle durulması gerek bir konudur. Fakat rotor sargısının iletkenliği ve geometrisi motorun şebekeden kalkış performansını önemli ölçüde değiştirmekte, anma verimliliği arttırmak adına sadece rotor sargı direncinin azaltılması çoğu zaman kabul edilemeyecek derecede yüksek kalkış akımlarına sebep olmaktadır. İfade edilen gerekçeler doğrultusunda bu çalışmada alüminyum ve bakır iletkenleri içeren hibrit yapılı yeni bir rotor sargısının motor verimliliğine ve performansına etkileri incelenmiştir. Hibrit yapılı rotor sargısı toplam rotor oluk kesit alanının %75’i alüminyum, %25’i ise bakır iletkenden meydana gelecek biçimde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmadaki hibrit yapılı rotor sargısında, bakır enjeksiyonun yüksek maliyeti sebebi ile, rotor oluklarına konumlandırılan bakır baralar üzerine alüminyum enjeksiyon gerçekleştirilmesi öngörülmüştür. Çalışmada incelenen hibrit yapılı rotor sargısına sahip asenkron motor aynı zamanda tamamen alüminyum ve bakır rotor sargısına sahip tasarımlar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada üç farklı rotor yapısının motor verimi, güç faktörü, anma hızlarına ulaşma profilleri ve kalkış momentleri sonlu eleman analizleri (SEA) yardımıyla karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre alüminyum, bakır ve hibrit yapılı rotor iletkenlerine sahip motorların verimlilikleri sırasıyla %93,6 , %94,6 ve 94,2 olarak elde edilmiştir. Anma geriliminde kalkış momentleri ise sırasıyla 179,03Nm, 154,94Nm ve 186,75Nm olarak elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asenkron Motor
• Enerji Verimliliği
• Alüminyum Kafes
• Bakır Kafes
• Hibrit Rotor Sargısı

Investigation of the Effects of Hybrid-Structured Rotor Windings on Efficiency and Performance of Induction Motor

Abstract

Induction motors with aluminum squirrel cage rotors are widely preferred in the industry due to their simple structure and low cost (copper injection versus aluminum injection process). However, it is an issue that should be emphasized on reducing the rotor winding losses together with other measures to be taken to meet the increasing efficiency need. However, the conductivity and geometry of the rotor winding significantly changes starting performance of the motor fed from the mains, and the reduction of the rotor winding resistance in order to increase the rated efficiency often causes unacceptably high starting currents. In line with the stated reasons, in this study, the effects of a new hybrid rotor winding containing aluminum and copper conductors on motor efficiency and performance have been investigated. Hybrid structured rotor winding is designed to consist of 75% aluminum and 25% copper conductor of the total rotor slot cross section area. In the hybrid rotor winding in the study, due to the high cost of copper injection, aluminum injection was performed on the copper bar that positioned in the rotor slots. Induction motor with hybrid structure rotor winding examined in the study was also compared with designs with completely aluminum and copper rotor windings. In the study, motor efficiency, power factor, profiles of reaching rated speeds and starting torques of three different rotor structures are presented comparatively with the help of finite element analysis (SEA). According to the analysis results, the efficiency of motors with aluminum, copper and hybrid rotor conductors was 93.6%, 94.6% and 94.2%, respectively. The starting torques at rated voltage were obtained as 179.03Nm, 154.94Nm and 186.75Nm, respectively.

Keywords

• Induction Motor
• Energy Efficiency
• Aluminum Cage
• Copper Cage
• Hybrid Rotor Winding.

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