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Büyük Cırcıp Yeraltısuyu Besleme Brajının HYDRUS-1D ile Modellenmesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 11, 7 - 17, 31.12.2017

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Büyük Cırcıp Yeraltısuyu Barajından yeraltı suyuna sızan su miktarı ve sızma süresi Hydrus-1D sayısal modeli kullanarak belirlenmiştir. Fırat nehri üzerinde bulunan Büyük Cırcıp yeraltısuyu besleme barajı Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesinin (GAP) bir parçasıdır. Yıllık yağış miktarının yüksek olduğu Ekim-Mayıs arası dönemde toplanan taşkın suları 1.75 hm3’tür. Sızmanın z-yönüne dik tek boyutlu olduğu göz önüne alınarak,1 boyutlu infiltrasyonu modellemek üzere bu duruma uygun olarak Hydrus-1D modeli kullanılmıştır. 1 Boyutlu Hydrus sayısal modeli su akımı ve farklı doygunluktaki ortamlarda madde taşınımı modellenmesinde kullanılan en yaygın modellerdendir. Bu model Richards denklemini sonlu elemanlar metodunu kullanarak çözümlemektedir. Bu çalışmada yeraltı suyu debi miktarı ve infiltrasyon süresi 1) 100 yıllık taşkın ve 2) Yıllık yağış miktarları göz önüne alınarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların yorumlanması ile, baraj gölünün tabanından sızmayı artırmak için daha az hidrolik geçirgenliğe sahip 15 m kalınlığındaki alüvyon tabakada açılan kuyularla suyun yeraltısuyuna doğru infiltrasyonu artırılmıştır. Yıllık yağış potansiyeli göz önüne alındığında baraj gölünden yıllık yeraltı suyuna deşarj 97 hm3’tür. Bu çalışmada, GAP kapsamında yapılması planlanmış 13 barajdan biri olan Büyük Cırcıp baraj gölünden yeraltı suyuna sızdırılan su miktarı yıllık 10 hm3 olarak bulunmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • L. Levidow, D. Zaccaria, R. Maia, E. Vivas, M. Todorovic, A. Scardigno, Improving water-efficient irrigation: prospects and difficulties of innovative practices Agric. Water Manag., 146 (2014), pp. 84-94
  • Butts, K.H., The Strategic Importance of Water, US Army War College Quarterly 27:1(Spring 1997)
  • Mardin İli 2014 Yili Çevre Durum Raporu. (2015). Mardin: T.C. Mardin Valiliği Çevre Ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, pp.14-28.
  • Atalay I, Efe R (2010) Structural and distributional evaluation of forest ecosystems in Turkey. J Env Biol 31 (Special issue). pp. 61-70
  • J Simunek, MT Van Genuchten, M Sejna - University of California-Riverside Research Reports, 2005.
  • Horst H. Gerke, Martinus Th. van Genuchten, Macroscopic representation of structural geometry for simulating water and solute movement in dual-porosity media, In Advances in Water Resources, Volume 19, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 343-357, ISSN 0309-1708, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(96)00012-7. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0309170896000127)
  • Türkiye İklimi 2008, S. Serhat, D. Mesut, U. Yusuf, B. İzzet, 1. Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Brooks, R.H., and Corey, A.T., 1964, Hydraulic properties of porous media: Hydrology Papers, Colorado State University.
  • Gerke HH, van Genuchten MT (1993a) A dual-porosity model for simulating the preferential movement of water and solutes in structured porous media. Water Resour Res 29:305–319
  • Gerke HH, van Genuchten MT (1993b) Evaluation of a first-order water transfer term for variably saturated dual-porosity models. Water Resour Res 29:1225–1238
  • Císlerová, M., J. Simunek and T. Vogel, 1988: Changes of steady-state infiltration rates in recurrent ponding infiltration experiments. J. of Hydrology, 104, 1–16.
  • Kosugi, K. 1996. Lognormal distribution model for unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. Water Resour. Res. 32:2697–2703
  • Durner, W. (1994), Hydraulic conductivity estimation for soils with heterogeneous pore structure, Water Resour. Res., 30(2), 211–223, doi:10.1029/93WR02676.
  • Keller, A.; Sakthivadivel, R.; Seckler, D. 2000. Water scarcity and the role of storage in development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI. v, 16p. (IWMI Research Report 39) [doi: 10.3910/2009.046]
  • Bouwer, H., 1999. Artificial recharge of groundwater: systems, design, and management. In: Mays, L.W. (Ed.),
  • Richter, B. D., and G. A. Thomas. 2007. Restoring environmental flows by modifying dam operations. Ecology and Society 12(1): 12. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art12/
  • S. Massuel, J. Perrin, C. Mascre, W. Mohamed, A. Boisson, S. Ahmed, Managed aquifer recharge in South India: What to expect from small percolation tanks in hard rock, In Journal of Hydrology, Volume 512, 2014, Pages 157-167, ISSN 0022-1694, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.062. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002216941400170X)
  • Maupin, M. A.; Kenny, J. F.; Hutson, S. S.; Lovelace, J. K.;Barber, N. L.; Linsey, K. S. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2010; United States Geological Survey: Reston, VA, 2014.
  • Mathias, S. (2017). Modelling flow and transport in the chalk unsaturated zone. [online] Ethos.bl.uk. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423212 [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017].
  • Abdalla, O.A.E. & Al-Rawahi, A.S. Environ Earth Sci (2013) 69: 1951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012- 2028-x

Modeling of Büyük Cırcıp Groundwater Recharge Dam using HYDRUS-1D

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 11, 7 - 17, 31.12.2017

Öz

The purpose of this research is estimation of duration and amount of infiltration from the dam reservoir of Büyük Cırcıp groundwater recharge dam by Hydrus-1D model. Büyük Cırcıp groundwater recharge dam is one of the element of the southeastern Anatolian project in Turkey located on one of minor watercourse of great Euphrates River. The collected flood waters from rainy season (from October to May) are controlled by this small dam with 1.75 hm3 storage volume. The recharge dam reservoir bed has 15 meters thick alluvium layer overlain a permeable limestone. Groundwater depth under the reservoir is about 55 meters. The water seepage in this groundwater recharge dam is considered mainly vertical in the z-direction, therefore HYDRUS-1D software is suitable for modeling such 1-D infiltration. HYDRUS-1D, one of the most widely used models, can model water flow and solutes transport through the variable saturation media. The model uses finite element method for solving the Richards flow equation and contaminant transport equation. In this study, the model was used to calculate amount and duration of infiltration effectively under two cases: 1) 100-years flood and 2) annual flow. Results show that the time to fill up the dam depends on the hydrograph characteristics while the time to empty is related to the hydrogeological character of the reservoir bed alluvium. A sensitivity analysis for hydraulic conductivity of the alluvium was performed using the model. According to the results, technical recommendations were suggested to improve the efficiency by implementing a group of recharge wells to accelerate water infiltration through 15-m thick alluvium layer under the reservoir that has low permeability. The annual potential groundwater recharge for the basin was reported 97 hm3/year, however, this study shows that the infiltrated water into the ground through Büyük Cırcıp dam is about 10 hm3/year, which is one of 13 dam projects are planned to be implemented by GAP.

Kaynakça

  • L. Levidow, D. Zaccaria, R. Maia, E. Vivas, M. Todorovic, A. Scardigno, Improving water-efficient irrigation: prospects and difficulties of innovative practices Agric. Water Manag., 146 (2014), pp. 84-94
  • Butts, K.H., The Strategic Importance of Water, US Army War College Quarterly 27:1(Spring 1997)
  • Mardin İli 2014 Yili Çevre Durum Raporu. (2015). Mardin: T.C. Mardin Valiliği Çevre Ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, pp.14-28.
  • Atalay I, Efe R (2010) Structural and distributional evaluation of forest ecosystems in Turkey. J Env Biol 31 (Special issue). pp. 61-70
  • J Simunek, MT Van Genuchten, M Sejna - University of California-Riverside Research Reports, 2005.
  • Horst H. Gerke, Martinus Th. van Genuchten, Macroscopic representation of structural geometry for simulating water and solute movement in dual-porosity media, In Advances in Water Resources, Volume 19, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 343-357, ISSN 0309-1708, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(96)00012-7. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0309170896000127)
  • Türkiye İklimi 2008, S. Serhat, D. Mesut, U. Yusuf, B. İzzet, 1. Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Brooks, R.H., and Corey, A.T., 1964, Hydraulic properties of porous media: Hydrology Papers, Colorado State University.
  • Gerke HH, van Genuchten MT (1993a) A dual-porosity model for simulating the preferential movement of water and solutes in structured porous media. Water Resour Res 29:305–319
  • Gerke HH, van Genuchten MT (1993b) Evaluation of a first-order water transfer term for variably saturated dual-porosity models. Water Resour Res 29:1225–1238
  • Císlerová, M., J. Simunek and T. Vogel, 1988: Changes of steady-state infiltration rates in recurrent ponding infiltration experiments. J. of Hydrology, 104, 1–16.
  • Kosugi, K. 1996. Lognormal distribution model for unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. Water Resour. Res. 32:2697–2703
  • Durner, W. (1994), Hydraulic conductivity estimation for soils with heterogeneous pore structure, Water Resour. Res., 30(2), 211–223, doi:10.1029/93WR02676.
  • Keller, A.; Sakthivadivel, R.; Seckler, D. 2000. Water scarcity and the role of storage in development. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IWMI. v, 16p. (IWMI Research Report 39) [doi: 10.3910/2009.046]
  • Bouwer, H., 1999. Artificial recharge of groundwater: systems, design, and management. In: Mays, L.W. (Ed.),
  • Richter, B. D., and G. A. Thomas. 2007. Restoring environmental flows by modifying dam operations. Ecology and Society 12(1): 12. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art12/
  • S. Massuel, J. Perrin, C. Mascre, W. Mohamed, A. Boisson, S. Ahmed, Managed aquifer recharge in South India: What to expect from small percolation tanks in hard rock, In Journal of Hydrology, Volume 512, 2014, Pages 157-167, ISSN 0022-1694, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.02.062. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002216941400170X)
  • Maupin, M. A.; Kenny, J. F.; Hutson, S. S.; Lovelace, J. K.;Barber, N. L.; Linsey, K. S. Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2010; United States Geological Survey: Reston, VA, 2014.
  • Mathias, S. (2017). Modelling flow and transport in the chalk unsaturated zone. [online] Ethos.bl.uk. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423212 [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017].
  • Abdalla, O.A.E. & Al-Rawahi, A.S. Environ Earth Sci (2013) 69: 1951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012- 2028-x
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İssam Ali

Ahmet Doğan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 11

Kaynak Göster

APA Ali, İ., & Doğan, A. (2017). Modeling of Büyük Cırcıp Groundwater Recharge Dam using HYDRUS-1D. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 7(11), 7-17.