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Car Parking Regulations Intended for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 15, 505 - 510, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.541828

Öz

 

While improvement
works for internal combustion engines intended for decreasing exhaust gases
which cause on-road vehicles based climate change are going on, the use of
alternative fuel and alternative energy resources is on the increase. But there
are certain criteria to negotiate for this kind of vehicles to be approved.
These are the constraints such as; high initial investment cost for vehicles,
limited fuel storage capacities and limited range. In addition to these, the
problems such as safety and liability, high fuel filling costs, limited
fuel/charging stations, infrastructure (network improvement) investments,
developments in current trends mustn’t be ignored. In addition to conventional
petrol and diesel engines, hybrid and full electric vehicle practices are
becoming widespread in today’s cars. Another issue is that cars are parked
during 90-95% of the day and parking functions require a number of structural
changes. In this context, charging units and safe parking conditions are
required to be provided in the parking lots in order to perform the charging
operations of full electric vehicles (BEV), and especially rechargeable hybrids
(PHEV, ReEV, EREV and RXBEV). In this study, the safety and functional
integrity of external rechargeable hybrid and electric vehicles and charging
units as well as parking lots will be examined.

Kaynakça

  • AA, Turkey's domestic car will respond to all digital trends, https://aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/turkiyenin-yerli-otomobili-butun-dijital-trendlere-cevap-verecek/1115198?amp=1, 2018. ABB Group Presentation, 2016.
  • Anonymous, (2009-a). Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Deployment Guidelines”, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/vehicles/electric_research.html; British Columbia, Version 1.0, July 2009.
  • Aybar, I., Production of zero-emission cars in Turkey presentation, Oyak-Renault, 12 April 2010.
  • Blessing, U., 48V: How much hybridization is possible with the new vehicle power?, GETRAG, 14th International VDI Congress, Drivetrain for Vehicles, Friedrichshafen June 2014.
  • Clean Energy Ministerial - International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2017: Two Million and Counting, 2017.
  • Demir, A. & Basegmez, B., 2018. Power Train, Seçkin Publishing, At the printing stage, 2018.
  • Demir, A. & Gümüs, M., Investigation of the effect of roadside park strategy on traffic density and exhaust emissions, International Symposium on Parking Policies and Practices, Presentation Book, May 25, 2011.
  • Demir, A. & Öz, A., “Turkey’s car” in the context of automotive trends, Editor: Ali Öz, Current Approaches in Technical Sciences, Research-Review, Hiperyayin: 237, ISBN: 978-605-281-050-7, Istanbul, 2018.
  • Demir, A., Association of electric vehicles together with car parks, 2nd Public Transportation Week - Transist 2011 - 4th Transportation Symposium and Exhibition, 01-02 December 2011.
  • Demir, A., Öz, A. & Gümüş, M., Evaluation of domestic brand cars and car production process in Turkey, 2017.
  • Dogu, S., Lithium and electric vehicle practices in battery systems, Yıldız Technical University, 4 April 2011.
  • Edelstein, S., 2013. “How Does GM’s Fabled EV1 Stack Up Against The Current Crop of Electrics?”, https://www.digitaltrends.com, Date of Access: 02/02/2018.
  • Gurbetci, K., Demir, A. & Karaahmet, A., Technology, Environment and Safety Factors in Parking Practices, ISBN: 978-605-5961-38-1, Ilke Publishing, 2014.
  • Hülshorst, T., Ogrzewalla, J. and Bollig, C., 2017. Trends in electrification (MHEV - HEV - PHEV – BEV), Transmission.tech 2017. ING Economics Department, Breakthrough of electric vehicle threatens European car industry, July 2017
  • IRENA, 2017, Electric vehicles - technology brief, ISBN web: ISBN 978-92-95111-00-4, February 2017
  • Kintner, M., Electric vehicle: Three good reasons why you want to consider buying one, Community Science & Technology Lecture Series March, 2013.
  • Litman, T., “Parking Management Best Practices, American Planning Association”, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2006.
  • Mi, C. and Masrur, M.A., Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Principles and Applications with Practical Perspectives, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2018.
  • River, P., Workplace charging: A how-to guide, 2017
  • Romm, J., The car and fuel of the future, 2006.
  • Sayin, A., Modeling and simulation of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles, 2011.
  • Toyota, Pruis, https://www.toyota.com.tr/new-cars/prius/index.json; Date of Access: 19.04.2018.
  • Ünlü, N. et al., Electric Vehicles, TÜBİTAK MAM, 2018.
  • VW Academy, 2013. Basics of Electric Vehicles Design and Function, Volkswagen Academy.
  • x-engineer.org, 2017, https://x-engineer.org/automotive-engineering/vehicle/hybrid/mild-hybrid-electric-vehicle-mhev-introduction/, Date of Access: 30.12.2017.
  • Yardim, S., Regional parking management, 1st Urban Transport Parking Policies and Practices Conference, 2009.

Hibrid ve Elektrikli Araçlara Yönelik Otopark Düzenlemeleri

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 15, 505 - 510, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.541828

Öz

Karayolu araçları odaklı iklim değişikliğine
neden olan egzoz gazlarının azaltılmasına yönelik içten yanmalı motorlarda
iyileştirme çalışmaları bir taraftan devam ederken, bir diğer taraftan
alternatif yakıtların ve enerji kaynaklarının kullanılması da gittikçe artan
bir evreye girmiştir. Ancak bu tür araçların kabul görebilmesine yönelik
aşılması gereken bazı kısıtlar da bulunmaktadır. Bunlar; taşıtlar için yüksek
ilk yatırım maliyeti, sınırlı yakıt depolama durumları ve sınırlı menzil gibi
sorunlar kısıt olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunlara ilave olarak emniyet ve
yükümlülük konuları, yüksek yakıt dolum maliyetleri, sınırlı dolum/şarj
istasyonları, altyapı (şebeke iyileştirme) yatırımları, mevcut trendlerdeki
gelişmeler gibi aşılması gereken sorunların da olduğu göz ardı edilmemelidir.
Günümüz otomobillerinde konvansiyonel benzin, dizel motorlara ek olarak hibrid
ve tam elektrikli araç uygulamaları da yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bir başka hususta otomobillerin
günün yaklaşık %90-95’ini park halinde geçiriyor olması, parkların işlevlerinde
de bir takım yapısal değişikleri gerektirmektedir. Bu bağlamda özellikle şarj
edilebilir hibridler (PHEV, ReEV, EREV ve RXBEV)
ile tam elektrikli araçların (BEV) şarj işlemlerinin
gerçekleştirilebilmesi için park alanlarına konuşlandırılacak şarj üniteleri ve
güvenli park koşullarının oluşturulması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada harici şarj
edilebilir hibrid ve elektrikli araçlar ile şarj üniteleri ve otopark üçlüsünün
güvenlik ve işlevsel açıdan bütünselliği irdelenecektir.




Kaynakça

  • AA, Turkey's domestic car will respond to all digital trends, https://aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/turkiyenin-yerli-otomobili-butun-dijital-trendlere-cevap-verecek/1115198?amp=1, 2018. ABB Group Presentation, 2016.
  • Anonymous, (2009-a). Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Deployment Guidelines”, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/vehicles/electric_research.html; British Columbia, Version 1.0, July 2009.
  • Aybar, I., Production of zero-emission cars in Turkey presentation, Oyak-Renault, 12 April 2010.
  • Blessing, U., 48V: How much hybridization is possible with the new vehicle power?, GETRAG, 14th International VDI Congress, Drivetrain for Vehicles, Friedrichshafen June 2014.
  • Clean Energy Ministerial - International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2017: Two Million and Counting, 2017.
  • Demir, A. & Basegmez, B., 2018. Power Train, Seçkin Publishing, At the printing stage, 2018.
  • Demir, A. & Gümüs, M., Investigation of the effect of roadside park strategy on traffic density and exhaust emissions, International Symposium on Parking Policies and Practices, Presentation Book, May 25, 2011.
  • Demir, A. & Öz, A., “Turkey’s car” in the context of automotive trends, Editor: Ali Öz, Current Approaches in Technical Sciences, Research-Review, Hiperyayin: 237, ISBN: 978-605-281-050-7, Istanbul, 2018.
  • Demir, A., Association of electric vehicles together with car parks, 2nd Public Transportation Week - Transist 2011 - 4th Transportation Symposium and Exhibition, 01-02 December 2011.
  • Demir, A., Öz, A. & Gümüş, M., Evaluation of domestic brand cars and car production process in Turkey, 2017.
  • Dogu, S., Lithium and electric vehicle practices in battery systems, Yıldız Technical University, 4 April 2011.
  • Edelstein, S., 2013. “How Does GM’s Fabled EV1 Stack Up Against The Current Crop of Electrics?”, https://www.digitaltrends.com, Date of Access: 02/02/2018.
  • Gurbetci, K., Demir, A. & Karaahmet, A., Technology, Environment and Safety Factors in Parking Practices, ISBN: 978-605-5961-38-1, Ilke Publishing, 2014.
  • Hülshorst, T., Ogrzewalla, J. and Bollig, C., 2017. Trends in electrification (MHEV - HEV - PHEV – BEV), Transmission.tech 2017. ING Economics Department, Breakthrough of electric vehicle threatens European car industry, July 2017
  • IRENA, 2017, Electric vehicles - technology brief, ISBN web: ISBN 978-92-95111-00-4, February 2017
  • Kintner, M., Electric vehicle: Three good reasons why you want to consider buying one, Community Science & Technology Lecture Series March, 2013.
  • Litman, T., “Parking Management Best Practices, American Planning Association”, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2006.
  • Mi, C. and Masrur, M.A., Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Principles and Applications with Practical Perspectives, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2018.
  • River, P., Workplace charging: A how-to guide, 2017
  • Romm, J., The car and fuel of the future, 2006.
  • Sayin, A., Modeling and simulation of lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles, 2011.
  • Toyota, Pruis, https://www.toyota.com.tr/new-cars/prius/index.json; Date of Access: 19.04.2018.
  • Ünlü, N. et al., Electric Vehicles, TÜBİTAK MAM, 2018.
  • VW Academy, 2013. Basics of Electric Vehicles Design and Function, Volkswagen Academy.
  • x-engineer.org, 2017, https://x-engineer.org/automotive-engineering/vehicle/hybrid/mild-hybrid-electric-vehicle-mhev-introduction/, Date of Access: 30.12.2017.
  • Yardim, S., Regional parking management, 1st Urban Transport Parking Policies and Practices Conference, 2009.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Öz 0000-0002-0814-4020

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 15

Kaynak Göster

APA Öz, A. (2019). Car Parking Regulations Intended for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(15), 505-510. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.541828