Comparative study of Biological activity and chemical composition of Methanolic and Ethanolic plant extracts of Persea americana leaves in-vitro

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 17, 261 - 270, 31.12.2019

Doga Kavaz , Covenant Ogbonna

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.599475

Cited By: 2

Öz

The aim of this
study was to evaluate and compare biological activity, chemical composition,
antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Persea
Americana mill refluxed in various solvents, ethanol and methanol
respectively. Persea Americana is a
plant that is quite new tothe turkish medicine and found its way to Turkey as
it is little over 10 years old in use. 
It has been used to treat certain skin problems anddiahrea. The plant
extraction was done with various solvents and comparison was done between the
extracts produced by ethanol solvent and that of methanol solvent. Chemical
constituents of the leaf extract were analyzed using techniques of gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS). The methods employed for in vitro antimicrobial screening
were the broth microdilution assay and Kirby bauer assay. The technique
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging  was applied for antioxidant activity. The
ethanol aqueous extract (EAE) IC50 value of 2.4mg / mL and methanol Aqueous
extract (MAE) IC50 value was2.51mg/ml respectively. According to literature the
lesser the IC50 value the more potent the molecule is in the DPPH assay,
therefore the results of the IC50 for could be viewded as a powerful
antioxidant thus it is highly potent. Scavenging activity for the MAE and EAE
were analyzed. Scavenging/inhibition activity increases as concentration
increases. The antibacterial activities of the various solvent extract were
screened and compared against to Bacillus
cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus Aureus and Salmonella typhrium. The aqueous
extracts showed a favourable amount of microbial activity, especially on S. Aureus and E.coli. Persea Americana in both extract conditions showed strong
antioxidant ability, strong antimicrobial activity and gave an impressive
amount of chemical components which reveal the compounds responsible for its
biological activities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Persea Americana; methanol - ethanol extract; GC- MS; antimicrobial effect; antioxidant effect.

Persea americana Metanolik ve Etanolik Bitki Ekstraktlarının in vitro Biyolojik Aktivite ve Kimyasal Bileşiminin Karşılaştırmalı Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeşitli
çözücülerde, etanol ve metanolde geri akıtılan Persea Americana bitkisinin biyolojik aktivitesini, kimyasal
bileşimini, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesini değerlendirmek ve
karşılaştırmaktır. Persea Americana,
türk tıbbı için oldukça yeni olan ve 10 yaşından küçük olduğu gibi Türkiye'de
görülmeye başlayan bir bitkidir. Bazı cilt problemlerini ve diyareyi tedavi
etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, bitki özütlemesi için çeşitli
çözücüler kullanılmış ve etanol çözücüsü ile üretilen özütler ve metanol
çözücüsü ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yaprak ekstraktının kimyasal bileşenleri, gaz
kromatografisi / kütle spektrometrisi (GC / MS) tekniği kullanılarak analiz
edilmiştir. Broth mikrodilüsyon ve Kirby bauer teknikleri kullanılarak in vitro antimikrobiyal analizler
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite için 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil
(DPPH) serbest radikal temizleme tekniği uygulanmıştır. Etanol sulu ekstrakt
(EAE) IC50 değeri 2.4mg/mL ve metanol sulu ekstrakt (MAE) IC50 değeri sırasıyla
2.51mg/ml olarak saptanmıltır. Literatüre göre, IC50 değeri ne kadar düşükse,
molekül DPPH testinde o kadar güçlüdür, böylece IC50'nin sonuçları güçlü bir
antioksidan olarak görülebilir, bu nedenle oldukça güçlüdür. MAE ve EAE için antioksidan
aktivitesi incelenmiştir.  Antioksidan aktivitesinin
konsantrasyon arttıkça arttığı gözlenmiştir. Çeşitli çözücü ekstraktlarının
antibakteriyel aktiviteleri incelenmiş ve Bacillus
cereus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus Aureus ve Salmonella typhrium bakteriri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sulu ekstraktların
özellikle S. Aureus and E. Coli bakterilerin de uygun miktarda
mikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiği saptanmıştır. 
Her iki ekstrakt koşulunda Persea
Americana, güçlü antioksidan ve güçlü antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiği,
biyolojik aktivitelerinden sorumlu bileşikleri ortaya çıkaran etkileyici
miktarda kimyasal bileşeni olduğu bulunmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Persea Americana; Metanolik – Etanolik bitki ekstraktları; GC- MS; Antimikrobiyal etki; antioksidan etkisi

Kaynakça

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