Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Determination of Behavioral Profile for Storage Facilities

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 76 - 83, 28.12.2014

Öz

Storage buildings are critical buildings in petrochemical facilities. Stored materials may cause considerable hazard in petrochemical industries in the world and Turkey. They generate damaging levels of overpressure and the possibility of human injury/death, building/equipment damage becomes a concern. Predicting the possible consequences of material is important to ensure the safe design of existing and new installations. The predictions through the assessment of such explosions are improved by carrying out experiments and by using theoretical models. Several prediction methods have been developed to estimate the air blast parameters at any given distance from a possible explosion source, assess explosion hazards and to design safer structures. Prediction of the overpressures is typically done using simplified (empirical) models, phenomenological models, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. This study includes a brief discussion on vapor cloud explosions, and the prediction methods. The focus of this paper is on two the most frequently used simplified prediction methods; TNO Multi-energy (ME) model and Baker-Strehlow-Tang (BST) models. 

Kaynakça

  • “AcuSafe 2011”, http://www.acusafe.com/Incidents/Flixborough1974/incident-flixborough1974.html, erişim tarihi: Ekim, 2011.
  • American Institute of Chemical Engineers, AIChE: Guidelines for Evaluating the Characteristics of Vapor Cloud Explosions, Flash Fires, and BLEVEs, NY, 1994.
  • American Institute of Chemical Engineers, AIChE: Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions and Fires, New York, 1996.
  • American Institute of Chemical Engineers, CCPS: (Center for Chemical Process Safety) Guidelines for chemical process quantitative risk analysis, New York, 1989.
  • Baker, Q. A., Tang, M. J., Scheier, E. A., ve Silva, G.J., “Vapor Cloud Explosion Analysis”, Process Safety Progress, Volume 15, 106, 1996.
  • Baker, Q., Doolittle, AC.M., Fitzgerald, G.A., ve Tee M., “Recent Developments in the Baker–Strehlow VCE Analysis Methodology”, Proc 31st AIChE Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, Houston, TX, March 10–13, 1997.
  • Bodhurtha, FP., Industrial Explosion Prevention and Protection, NewYork,1980.
  • Cates, A.T., and Samuels, B., “A simple assessment methodology for vented explosions”, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, V 4, 287-296, 1991.
  • Cant, R. S., Dawes W. N., ve Savill, A. M., “Advanced CFD and modeling of accidental explosions”, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 36, 97-119, 2004.
  • Cooper, M.M G., Fairweather, J. ve Tite, P., “On the mechanism of pressure generation in vented explosions”, Combustion and Flame, 65, 1-4, 1986.
  • Lea, C.J., ve Ledin, H.S., “A Review of the State-of-the-Art in Gas Explosion Modeling”, Health and Safety Laboratory Report, Fire and Explosion Group, 2002.
  • Lees, F.P., Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2nd ed., Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1996.
  • Lenoir, E.M., ve Davenport, J.A., "A Survey of Vapor Cloud Explosions-Second Update", 26th Loss Prevention Symposium, AIChE, 1992.
  • Lobato, P., Cañizares, M.A., Rodrigo, C., Sáez, J.J. ve Linares, A., “Comparison of Hydrogen Cloud Explosion Models and The Study of The Vulnerability of The Damage Caused by An Explosion of H2”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 31, 1780–1790, 2006.
  • Johnson, G.S., “Refinery Damage and Emergency Response in the 1999 Izmit, Turkey Earthquake”, CA state land comission, prevention first symposium, 2002.
  • Mercx, WP, Van der Berg, AC, Hayhurst, CJ, Robertson, CJ, ve Moran, KC., “Developments in Vapour Cloud Explosion Blast Modeling”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 71, 301-19, 2000.
  • Melton, T.A., ve Marx, J.D., “Estimating Flame Speeds for Use with the BST Blast Curves”, Process Safety Progress, Vol. 28, No 1, 2009.
  • Naamansen, P., An Experimental and Computational Study of Gas-Particle Flow in Circulating Fluidised Reactors, Ph.D. Thesis, Aallborg University, Denmark, 2002.
  • Park, D.J., ve Lee, Y.S., “A Comparison on Predictive Models of Gas Explosions”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., Volume 26, No 2, 13-323, 2009.
  • Puttock, J.S., Yardley, M.R., ve Cresswell, T.M., “Prediction of vapour cloud explosions using the SCOPE model”, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Volume 13, Number 3, 419-431, 2000.
  • Scawthorn, C., ve Johnson G. S., “Preliminary Report; Kocaeli (Izmit) Earthquake of 17 August 1999”, Engineering Structures, Volume 22, No 7, 2000.
  • Tang, M.J., ve Baker, Q.A., “A new set of blast curves from vapor cloud explosions”, Proc. 33rd AIChE Loss Prevention Symposium, Paper 29e, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Houston, TX, ABD, 1999.
  • Van den Berg, J., “Comparison of blast prediction models for vapor cloud explosion”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 12, No 1, 1985.
  • Van den Berg, J., ve Lannoy, A. J., “Methods for vapour cloud explosion blast modelling”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 34, 151-171, 1993.
  • Van den Berg ve Versloot, A., “The multi-energy critical separation distance”, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Volume 16, No 2, 111-120, 2003.

Depolama Tesislerinin Davranış Profillerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 76 - 83, 28.12.2014

Öz

Depolama tesisleri, petrol işleme tesislerinde depolama amaçlı kullanılan önemli yapılardır. Bu yapılar, dünyada ve Türkiye’de ekonomik değerleri nedeniyle hasarlardan korunmaları gereken yapılardır. Bu yapılarda depolama muhteviyatları nedeniyle meydana gelen patlamalar oldukça ciddi seviyelerde hasara yol açabilmektedir. Bu tip patlamaların sonucunda oluşan yoğun basınç, yapılarda önemli hasarlara yol açabilmektedir. Bu patlamaların neden olabileceği olası sonuçların önceden tahmin edilmesi mevcut ve yeni depolama yapılarının güvenliğinin artırılması açısından önemlidir. Yapılan bu tahminler, çeşitli matematiksel modeller yardımıyla gerçekleştirilir. Patlamaları meydana getiren değişkenlerin tahmini için bir çok hesaplama yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Böylelikle, patlama hasarını azaltmak ve daha güvenli yapılar inşa etmek mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, depolama yapılarında yapısal davranış tesbiti için, patlama sonucunda meydana gelen hasar tesbiti ve ön belirleme yöntemleri çerçevesinde detaylı bir değerlendirme sunulmaktadır. Çalışmada, meydana gelen hasarın belirlenmesi için kullanılan basitleştirilmiş TNO Çoklu Enerji (Multi Energy – ME) ve Baker-Strehlow-Tang (BST) modelleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar detaylı olarak sunulmuştur.                 

Kaynakça

  • “AcuSafe 2011”, http://www.acusafe.com/Incidents/Flixborough1974/incident-flixborough1974.html, erişim tarihi: Ekim, 2011.
  • American Institute of Chemical Engineers, AIChE: Guidelines for Evaluating the Characteristics of Vapor Cloud Explosions, Flash Fires, and BLEVEs, NY, 1994.
  • American Institute of Chemical Engineers, AIChE: Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Explosions and Fires, New York, 1996.
  • American Institute of Chemical Engineers, CCPS: (Center for Chemical Process Safety) Guidelines for chemical process quantitative risk analysis, New York, 1989.
  • Baker, Q. A., Tang, M. J., Scheier, E. A., ve Silva, G.J., “Vapor Cloud Explosion Analysis”, Process Safety Progress, Volume 15, 106, 1996.
  • Baker, Q., Doolittle, AC.M., Fitzgerald, G.A., ve Tee M., “Recent Developments in the Baker–Strehlow VCE Analysis Methodology”, Proc 31st AIChE Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, Houston, TX, March 10–13, 1997.
  • Bodhurtha, FP., Industrial Explosion Prevention and Protection, NewYork,1980.
  • Cates, A.T., and Samuels, B., “A simple assessment methodology for vented explosions”, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, V 4, 287-296, 1991.
  • Cant, R. S., Dawes W. N., ve Savill, A. M., “Advanced CFD and modeling of accidental explosions”, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 36, 97-119, 2004.
  • Cooper, M.M G., Fairweather, J. ve Tite, P., “On the mechanism of pressure generation in vented explosions”, Combustion and Flame, 65, 1-4, 1986.
  • Lea, C.J., ve Ledin, H.S., “A Review of the State-of-the-Art in Gas Explosion Modeling”, Health and Safety Laboratory Report, Fire and Explosion Group, 2002.
  • Lees, F.P., Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2nd ed., Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1996.
  • Lenoir, E.M., ve Davenport, J.A., "A Survey of Vapor Cloud Explosions-Second Update", 26th Loss Prevention Symposium, AIChE, 1992.
  • Lobato, P., Cañizares, M.A., Rodrigo, C., Sáez, J.J. ve Linares, A., “Comparison of Hydrogen Cloud Explosion Models and The Study of The Vulnerability of The Damage Caused by An Explosion of H2”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 31, 1780–1790, 2006.
  • Johnson, G.S., “Refinery Damage and Emergency Response in the 1999 Izmit, Turkey Earthquake”, CA state land comission, prevention first symposium, 2002.
  • Mercx, WP, Van der Berg, AC, Hayhurst, CJ, Robertson, CJ, ve Moran, KC., “Developments in Vapour Cloud Explosion Blast Modeling”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 71, 301-19, 2000.
  • Melton, T.A., ve Marx, J.D., “Estimating Flame Speeds for Use with the BST Blast Curves”, Process Safety Progress, Vol. 28, No 1, 2009.
  • Naamansen, P., An Experimental and Computational Study of Gas-Particle Flow in Circulating Fluidised Reactors, Ph.D. Thesis, Aallborg University, Denmark, 2002.
  • Park, D.J., ve Lee, Y.S., “A Comparison on Predictive Models of Gas Explosions”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., Volume 26, No 2, 13-323, 2009.
  • Puttock, J.S., Yardley, M.R., ve Cresswell, T.M., “Prediction of vapour cloud explosions using the SCOPE model”, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Volume 13, Number 3, 419-431, 2000.
  • Scawthorn, C., ve Johnson G. S., “Preliminary Report; Kocaeli (Izmit) Earthquake of 17 August 1999”, Engineering Structures, Volume 22, No 7, 2000.
  • Tang, M.J., ve Baker, Q.A., “A new set of blast curves from vapor cloud explosions”, Proc. 33rd AIChE Loss Prevention Symposium, Paper 29e, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Houston, TX, ABD, 1999.
  • Van den Berg, J., “Comparison of blast prediction models for vapor cloud explosion”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 12, No 1, 1985.
  • Van den Berg, J., ve Lannoy, A. J., “Methods for vapour cloud explosion blast modelling”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 34, 151-171, 1993.
  • Van den Berg ve Versloot, A., “The multi-energy critical separation distance”, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Volume 16, No 2, 111-120, 2003.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Sarı Bu kişi benim

Armağan Korkmaz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarı, A., & Korkmaz, A. (2014). Depolama Tesislerinin Davranış Profillerinin Belirlenmesi. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 1(3), 76-83.