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Determination of Heavy Metal Distribution of Yenikapı (Istanbul) Sea Sediments Using Libs Method

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 22, 60 - 64, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.849768

Öz

In this study, the toxic element concentrations of the marine sediments of the Yenikapı (Istanbul) coast were determined by LIBS (Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy) technique. Six samples of core sediment were taken from the region for analysis. The samples were brought to the laboratory and made ready for analysis. The area is open to pollution from boat waste, fishing waste and domestic waste water. The LIBS method has advantages such as faster results than all other conventional methods, being portable, low analysis costs, not being damaged of sediments, reused after analysis, and short preparation process, and it is an important and practical technique for determining elements of natural and anthropogenic origin. The method is used in many fields such as environment, geology, forensic medicine, food, health and it has been found to give accurate and fast results.The analysis results obtained with the LIBS method give the probability of the elements in that sample as a% value. Analysis does not provide the amount of elements in the sample. Although this is seen as a disadvantage, this method gives very useful results for practical and preliminary research. In this study, ECCO®2 branded LIBS machine was used. The heavy metal distribution of six sediment samples taken from the Yenikapı region is shown by graphs. According to LIBS analysis results, it was seen that the distribution of elements such as Fe, K, Li, Sr, Zn and Mg was higher in percentage. All elemental data obtained were examined by the basic component analysis (PCA) method in the literature. Thanks to this analysis, the contribution of each variable to the content of the sediment has been tried to be revealed. Analyzes showed 83.39% discrimination for six samples taken from the region. It has been determined that Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, K, Na and Zn elements contribute more in the composition of sediment samples. The contents of six samples taken from the region were found to be similar. Elemental compositions of marine sediments were revealed in the study area. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that LIBS method can be used on sediment samples.

Kaynakça

  • E. Kam & M. Önce, “Pollutıon Potentıal Of Heavy Metals In The Current Sea Sedıments Between Bandırma (Balıkesir) And Lapseki (Çanakkale) In The Marmara Sea”, Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 3.141-148, 2016.
  • J. H. Duffus, “Heavy Metals A Meanıngless Term, (IUPAC Technical Repoer)”, Pure Applied Chemistry, 74 (5), 793-807, 2002.
  • Ö. Kahvecioğlu, G. Kartal, A. Güven, & S. Timur, “Environmental Effects of Metals” , Journal of Metallurgy, 136, 47-53, 2004.
  • Ş. Şener, “Geology for the environment, Environmental effects of heavy metals”, SDU Department of Geological Engineering, 2000.
  • Z.U. Yümün & E. Kam, “Ecological analysis of heavy metal and radioactivity potential of Holocene sediments in İznik Lake”, Nükleonika, 64(3), 103-109, 2019.
  • Z.U. Yümün, “The effect of heavy metal pollution on foraminifera in the western Marmara Sea (Turkey)”, Journal of African Earth Science, 129, 346-365, 2017.
  • Z.U. Yümün & M. Önce, “Monitoring heavy metal pollution in foraminifera from the Gulf of Edremit (Northeastern Aegean Sea) between İzmir, Balıkesir and Çanakkale (Turkey)”, Journal of African Earth Science, 130, 110-124, 2017.
  • M. Dell’Aglio, R. Gaudiuso, G.S. Senesi, A. De Giacomo, C. Zaccone, T.M. Miano, & De Pascale, “Monitoring of Cr, Cu, Pb, v and Zn in polluted soils by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)”, J. Environmental Monitoring, 13, 1422–1426, 2011.
  • J. Harte, C. Holdren, R. Schneider, & C. Shirley, “Toxics A to Z, A Guide To Every Day Pollution Hazards”, University of California Pres, Oxford, England, 478, 1991.
  • F. Capitelli, F. Colao, M.R. Provenzano, R. Fantoni, G. Brunetti, & N. Senesi, “Geoderma Determination of heavy metals in soils by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy” 106, 45–62, 2002.
  • J.M. Anzano, M.A. Villoria, A. Ruíz-Medina, & R.J. Lasheras, “Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for quantitative spectrochemical analysis of geological materials: Effects of the matrix and simultaneous determination”, Analytical Chimica Acta, 575 (2), 230-235, 2006.
  • S. Pandhija, N.K. Rai, A.K. Rai, & S.N. Thankur, “Contaminant Concentration in Enviromental Samples Using LIBS and CF-LIBS”, Applied Physics B, 98, 231-241, 2010.
  • G. Kim, J. Kwak, K. R., Kim, H. Lee, K. W. Kim, H. Yang, & K. Park, “Rapid detection of soils contaminated with heavy metals and oi ls by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 263, 754-760, 2013.
  • M. H. Velioğlu, B. Sezer, G. Bilge, S.E. Baytur, & I.H. Boyacı, “Identification of Offal Adulteration in Beef by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”, Meat Science, 138, 28-33, 2018.
  • Z. U. Yümün, E. Kam, & M. Once, “Analysis of Toxic Element with Icp-Oes and Libs Methods in Marine Sediments Around the Sea of Marmara in Kapidağ Peninsula”, Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 4 (1), 43-50, 2019.
  • Z. Ü. Yümün, & E. Kam, “Analysis and Correlation of Element Concentrations of Marine Sediments between Silivri (İstanbul) and Çanakkale Strait with ICP-OES and LIBS Methods”, European Journal of Science and Technology, 17, 951-958, 2019.
  • F.Y. Yueh, R.C. Sharma, J.P. Singh, H.S Zhang, & S. William, “Evaluation of the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for detection of trace element in liquid”, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 52 (11), 1307-1315, 2002.
  • M.E. Hawley, T.J. Jackson, R.H. McCuen, “Surface soil moisture variation on small agricultural watersheds”, J. Hydrol, 62, 179–200, 1983.
  • R. Harmon, R. Russo, R. Hark, “Applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for geochemical and environmental analysis” Spectrochimica Acta Part B, 64, 16–26, 2013.
  • M.Z. Martin, & M.D. Cheng, “Detection of chromium aerosol using time-resolved laser-induced plasma spectroscopy”, Applied Spectroscopy, 54, 1279-1285, 2000.
  • B.C. Castle, K. Talabardon, B.W. Smith & J.D. Winefordner, “Variables influencing the precision of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements”, Applied Spectroscopy, 52 (5), 649-657, 1998.
  • E. Benjamin Naes, “Elemental Analysis of Glass and Ink by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)&quot”, FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 207, 2009.
  • N. Yang, “Elemental Analysis of Soil Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”, University of Tennessee, Master Theses, 2009.
  • D. A. Rusak, B.C. Castle, B.W. Smith, & J.D. Winefordner, “Fundamentals and Applications of Laser Induced Breakdown Spec troscopy”, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem, 27, 257-290, 1997.
  • V. Cañeque, C. Perez, S. Velasco, M.T. Diaz, S. Lauzurica, I. Alvarez, F. Ruiz de Huidobro, E. Onega, J. De la Fuente, “Carcass and Meat Quality of Light Lambs Principal Component Analysis”, Meat Science, 67, 595‐605, 2004.
  • L. Hakanson, M. Jansson, “Principles of Lake Sedimentology”, Springer Verlag, 1983.
  • F.Y. Li, Z.P. Fan, P.F. Xiao, K. Oh, X.P. Ma, W. Hou, “Contamination, Chemical Speciation and Vertical Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soils of an Old and Large İndustrial Zone in Northeast China”, Environmental Geology, 54, 1815-1823, 2009.
  • A. M. Imam, M. S. Aziz, K. Chaudhary, Z. Rizvi, & J. Ali, “Libs-PCA based discrimination of Malaysian coins&quot”, Journal of Physics, Conference Series PAPER, 2018.

Yenikapı (İstanbul) Deniz Sedimalarinin Ağır Metal Dağılımının Libs Yöntemi İle Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 22, 60 - 64, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.849768

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Marmara Denizi Yenikapı (İstanbul) kıyısındaki denizel sedimanların toksik element konsantrasyonları LIBS (Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy) tekniği ile belirlenmiştir. Analiz için bölgeden altı adet yüzeysel sediman numunesi alınmıştır. Numuneler laboratuvar ortamına getirilerek analiz için hazır hale getirilmiştir. Bölge tekne atıklarından, balıkçılardan ve evsel atık sulardan kirlenmeye açıktır. LIBS yöntemi, diğer tüm geleneksel yöntemlerden daha hızlı sonuç alma, taşınabilir olması, düşük analiz maliyetleri, numunenin analiz sırasında hasar görmemesi ve tekrar kullanılması ve kısa hazırlık süreci gibi avantajlara sahiptir. Doğal jeolojik yapının ve antropojenik kaynakların bileşiminin belirlenmesi için önemli ve pratik bir tekniktir. Yöntem çevre, jeoloji, adli tıp, gıda, sağlık vb. birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır ve doğru ve hızlı sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. LIBS yöntemi ile elde edilen analiz sonuçları o numunedeki elementlerin olasılığını % değer olarak verir. Analiz, numunedeki elementlerin miktarını sağlamaz. Bu bir dezavantaj olarak görülse de bu yöntem pratik ve ön araştırmalar için oldukça faydalı sonuçlar vermektedir. Bu çalışmada ECCO®2 markalı LIBS cihazı kullanılmıştır. Yenikapı bölgesinden alınan altı sediman örneğinin ağır metal dağılımı grafiklerle gösterilmiştir. LIBS analiz sonuçlarına göre Fe, K, Li, Sr, Zn ve Mg gibi elementlerin dağılımının yüzde olarak daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen tüm veriler, temel bileşen analizi (PCA) yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bu analiz sayesinde her değişkenin sedimanın içeriğine katkısı ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Analizler, bölgeden alınan altı numune için % 83.39 ayrım göstermiştir. Sediman numunelerinin bileşiminde Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, K, Na ve Zn elementlerinin katkısının daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bölgeden alınan altı numunenin içeriği birbirine benzer bulunmuştur. Çalışma alanında denizel sedimanların elementel kompozisyonları ortaya konmuştur. Analiz sonucunda, LIBS yönteminin sediman örneklerinde kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • E. Kam & M. Önce, “Pollutıon Potentıal Of Heavy Metals In The Current Sea Sedıments Between Bandırma (Balıkesir) And Lapseki (Çanakkale) In The Marmara Sea”, Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 3.141-148, 2016.
  • J. H. Duffus, “Heavy Metals A Meanıngless Term, (IUPAC Technical Repoer)”, Pure Applied Chemistry, 74 (5), 793-807, 2002.
  • Ö. Kahvecioğlu, G. Kartal, A. Güven, & S. Timur, “Environmental Effects of Metals” , Journal of Metallurgy, 136, 47-53, 2004.
  • Ş. Şener, “Geology for the environment, Environmental effects of heavy metals”, SDU Department of Geological Engineering, 2000.
  • Z.U. Yümün & E. Kam, “Ecological analysis of heavy metal and radioactivity potential of Holocene sediments in İznik Lake”, Nükleonika, 64(3), 103-109, 2019.
  • Z.U. Yümün, “The effect of heavy metal pollution on foraminifera in the western Marmara Sea (Turkey)”, Journal of African Earth Science, 129, 346-365, 2017.
  • Z.U. Yümün & M. Önce, “Monitoring heavy metal pollution in foraminifera from the Gulf of Edremit (Northeastern Aegean Sea) between İzmir, Balıkesir and Çanakkale (Turkey)”, Journal of African Earth Science, 130, 110-124, 2017.
  • M. Dell’Aglio, R. Gaudiuso, G.S. Senesi, A. De Giacomo, C. Zaccone, T.M. Miano, & De Pascale, “Monitoring of Cr, Cu, Pb, v and Zn in polluted soils by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)”, J. Environmental Monitoring, 13, 1422–1426, 2011.
  • J. Harte, C. Holdren, R. Schneider, & C. Shirley, “Toxics A to Z, A Guide To Every Day Pollution Hazards”, University of California Pres, Oxford, England, 478, 1991.
  • F. Capitelli, F. Colao, M.R. Provenzano, R. Fantoni, G. Brunetti, & N. Senesi, “Geoderma Determination of heavy metals in soils by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy” 106, 45–62, 2002.
  • J.M. Anzano, M.A. Villoria, A. Ruíz-Medina, & R.J. Lasheras, “Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for quantitative spectrochemical analysis of geological materials: Effects of the matrix and simultaneous determination”, Analytical Chimica Acta, 575 (2), 230-235, 2006.
  • S. Pandhija, N.K. Rai, A.K. Rai, & S.N. Thankur, “Contaminant Concentration in Enviromental Samples Using LIBS and CF-LIBS”, Applied Physics B, 98, 231-241, 2010.
  • G. Kim, J. Kwak, K. R., Kim, H. Lee, K. W. Kim, H. Yang, & K. Park, “Rapid detection of soils contaminated with heavy metals and oi ls by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 263, 754-760, 2013.
  • M. H. Velioğlu, B. Sezer, G. Bilge, S.E. Baytur, & I.H. Boyacı, “Identification of Offal Adulteration in Beef by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”, Meat Science, 138, 28-33, 2018.
  • Z. U. Yümün, E. Kam, & M. Once, “Analysis of Toxic Element with Icp-Oes and Libs Methods in Marine Sediments Around the Sea of Marmara in Kapidağ Peninsula”, Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 4 (1), 43-50, 2019.
  • Z. Ü. Yümün, & E. Kam, “Analysis and Correlation of Element Concentrations of Marine Sediments between Silivri (İstanbul) and Çanakkale Strait with ICP-OES and LIBS Methods”, European Journal of Science and Technology, 17, 951-958, 2019.
  • F.Y. Yueh, R.C. Sharma, J.P. Singh, H.S Zhang, & S. William, “Evaluation of the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for detection of trace element in liquid”, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 52 (11), 1307-1315, 2002.
  • M.E. Hawley, T.J. Jackson, R.H. McCuen, “Surface soil moisture variation on small agricultural watersheds”, J. Hydrol, 62, 179–200, 1983.
  • R. Harmon, R. Russo, R. Hark, “Applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for geochemical and environmental analysis” Spectrochimica Acta Part B, 64, 16–26, 2013.
  • M.Z. Martin, & M.D. Cheng, “Detection of chromium aerosol using time-resolved laser-induced plasma spectroscopy”, Applied Spectroscopy, 54, 1279-1285, 2000.
  • B.C. Castle, K. Talabardon, B.W. Smith & J.D. Winefordner, “Variables influencing the precision of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements”, Applied Spectroscopy, 52 (5), 649-657, 1998.
  • E. Benjamin Naes, “Elemental Analysis of Glass and Ink by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)&quot”, FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 207, 2009.
  • N. Yang, “Elemental Analysis of Soil Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy”, University of Tennessee, Master Theses, 2009.
  • D. A. Rusak, B.C. Castle, B.W. Smith, & J.D. Winefordner, “Fundamentals and Applications of Laser Induced Breakdown Spec troscopy”, Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem, 27, 257-290, 1997.
  • V. Cañeque, C. Perez, S. Velasco, M.T. Diaz, S. Lauzurica, I. Alvarez, F. Ruiz de Huidobro, E. Onega, J. De la Fuente, “Carcass and Meat Quality of Light Lambs Principal Component Analysis”, Meat Science, 67, 595‐605, 2004.
  • L. Hakanson, M. Jansson, “Principles of Lake Sedimentology”, Springer Verlag, 1983.
  • F.Y. Li, Z.P. Fan, P.F. Xiao, K. Oh, X.P. Ma, W. Hou, “Contamination, Chemical Speciation and Vertical Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soils of an Old and Large İndustrial Zone in Northeast China”, Environmental Geology, 54, 1815-1823, 2009.
  • A. M. Imam, M. S. Aziz, K. Chaudhary, Z. Rizvi, & J. Ali, “Libs-PCA based discrimination of Malaysian coins&quot”, Journal of Physics, Conference Series PAPER, 2018.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Melike Önce 0000-0001-9621-3630

İpek Balnan 0000-0003-1150-651X

Nursel Kam Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6046-1990

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 22

Kaynak Göster

APA Önce, M., Balnan, İ., & Kam, N. (2021). Determination of Heavy Metal Distribution of Yenikapı (Istanbul) Sea Sediments Using Libs Method. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(22), 60-64. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.849768